| Table 2.1 GNI and Modified GNI | |||
| 2024 | 2025 | % change | |
| GNI at current prices | €428,399m | €430,012m | 0.4% |
| Modified GNI at current prices | €321,636m | €333,971m | 3.8% |
| Chain linked volume measures referenced to year 2024 | |||
| GNI at constant prices | €428,399m | €432,374m | 0.9% |
| Modified GNI at constant prices | €321,636m | €336,663m | 4.7% |
Modified Gross National Income (GNI*) at current market prices increased from €322bn in 2024, to €334bn in 2025 or expressed as a share of GDP, from 57.2% to 55.4%. In constant prices, real GNI* has increased by 4.7% in the year 2025.
Modified GNI (GNI*) is an indicator that was recommended by the Economic Statistics Review Group and is designed to exclude globalisation effects that are disproportionally impacting the measurement of the size of the Irish economy.
| GDP | GNI* | |
| 2017 | 308.2329124098 | 184.554641554422 |
| 2018 | 335.0559496793 | 190.668955785913 |
| 2019 | 363.6703817054 | 205.489754042059 |
| 2020 | 380.7009259884 | 194.308128874802 |
| 2021 | 448.4991887707 | 226.315452890987 |
| 2022 | 523.2481527227 | 265.253866085654 |
| 2023 | 520.7921521963 | 289.140571355058 |
| 2024 | 561.9404846651 | 321.63571446015 |
| 2025 | 602.4409204605 | 333.971190281729 |
Get the data: PxStat NA001
Figure 2.1 above shows a comparison of Gross Domestic Product, Modified GNI from 2017 to 2025.
To produce Modified GNI (GNI*) we take GNI and adjust for:
| Depreciation on R&D service imports and trade in IP | Factor Income of redomiciled companies | Depreciation on aircraft leasing | Gross National Income | Modified Gross National Income | |
| 2017 | -44.2986426810822 | -4.456802568 | -8.45457581939552 | 241.7646626229 | 184.554641554422 |
| 2018 | -48.9296046181687 | -5.251740238 | -9.00347333341798 | 253.8537739755 | 190.668955785913 |
| 2019 | -54.0192167150215 | -5.289555458 | -9.21593650871993 | 274.0144627238 | 205.489754042059 |
| 2020 | -69.8463221096078 | -4.234380596 | -9.29192684699051 | 277.6807584274 | 194.308128874802 |
| 2021 | -73.7481925024695 | -10.614131668 | -9.3171974450432 | 319.9949745065 | 226.315452890987 |
| 2022 | -79.0178808396502 | -4.666859373 | -9.50806682879606 | 358.4466731271 | 265.253866085654 |
| 2023 | -82.4564209195613 | -12.8246822798 | -9.98938966728093 | 394.4110642217 | 289.140571355058 |
| 2024 | -84.691439948193 | -11.7683685199 | -10.3030382763567 | 428.3985612046 | 321.63571446015 |
| 2025 | -69.4100672885286 | -16.2883039424 | -10.3427733862421 | 430.0123348989 | 333.971190281729 |
Get the data: PxStat NA001
Figure 2.2 shows the difference between GNI at current prices and Modified GNI at current prices as well as the adjustments.
Walk-through of the 2025 differences between, GDP, GNP, GNI and GNI* in €million
| GDP | GNI | GNI* | NNI | MDD | |
| 2017 | 367.853565336 | 291.8725412961 | 238.3995255563 | 207.360669546557 | 217.985539447 |
| 2018 | 396.1203980807 | 304.1884816417 | 243.0415563242 | 211.225849297026 | 230.557927363 |
| 2019 | 415.8394613883 | 316.3993837864 | 248.0594743673 | 214.690571553823 | 235.552889407 |
| 2020 | 444.8785866476 | 328.03225867 | 238.8766033737 | 204.457002988865 | 222.085763144 |
| 2021 | 518.5344710264 | 373.8535809196 | 272.3092148966 | 244.493915721971 | 240.297837582 |
| 2022 | 560.8370620468 | 381.7759154607 | 284.8465461623 | 248.158469377179 | 263.127401415 |
| 2023 | 542.2979216304 | 410.1588583571 | 302.1980714325 | 272.750118262551 | 276.129614358 |
| 2024 | 561.9404846651 | 428.3985612046 | 321.6357144602 | 289.435267201381 | 281.129153164 |
| 2025 | 606.7297142869 | 432.3742433553 | 336.6630240645 | 307.419517540759 | 294.383685558 |
Get the data: PxStat NA002
Figure 2.3 above shows a comparison of GDP, GNI, NNI, Modified GNI (GNI*) and Modified Domestic Demand (MDD) at constant prices from 2017 to 2025.
Within the National Accounts framework, net national income (NNI) is an important internationally comparable measure of de-globalised economic activity. When we remove depreciation (the cost of using up capital assets) from GNI we get to NNI. In constant prices, real NNI rose 6.2% in the year 2025.
Modified Domestic Demand (MDD), is a de-globalised measure developed in our quarterly accounts and is presented here on an annual basis for comparison.
More information on Modified Domestic Demand can be found in ANA Tables 9.5, 9.6, 9.7 and 9.8.
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