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Annual National Accounts 2025

Disposable Income and Savings

Online ISSN: 2811-5724

CSO statistical release, 02 July 2026, 11am

	Personal Consumption of Goods & Services	Net Expenditure by Local & Central Government on Goods & Services	Provision for Depreciation	Net National Savings	Gross National Disposable Income
2017	100.0386605262	31.1517809775	78.1462178542559	29.3757724968441	238.7124318548
2018	107.3853163047	33.0231680887	85.5486388998322	24.3216386000678	250.2787618933
2019	112.4691762994	36.0051377501	92.7306481097494	29.3110336641506	270.5159958234
2020	101.6643322931	40.6672926309	109.384711325197	22.073766342303	273.7901025915
2021	113.7904428505	44.4292796857	115.828806940892	41.4640477256075	315.5125772027
2022	134.8066222805	48.1245450752	126.032269768856	44.7139640022442	353.6774011268
2023	150.9219186176	52.9479408421	133.42745770734	52.4431185779604	389.740435745
2024	159.2308713359	57.5163668868	138.963294003139	68.1336656896613	423.8441979155
2025	166.2211292332	61.4420137649	126.236940743891	70.8086262688091	424.7087100108

Get the data: PxStat NA009

National Disposable Income is the sum of the disposable incomes of all resident institutional units.

Gross National Disposable Income (GNDI) measures the income available to the nation for final consumption and gross saving.

Tables 12.1 to 12.3 show GNDI and its use at current market prices as well as the annual percentage changes in the main items and Real GNDI at constant prices (adjusted for terms of trade).

Table 12.1 Gross National Disposable Income and its Use

Table 12.2 Annual Percentage Changes in the Main Constituents of Table 12.1

Table 12.3 Gross National Disposable Income at Constant Market Prices (chain linked annually and referenced to year 2024) Adjusted for Terms of Trade (i.e. Real Gross National Disposable Income)

On 28 October 2026 Figure 12.2, Tables 12.4, 12.5, 12.6 and 12.7, and the accompanying text were added to the release.

	Household Saving	Government Saving
2017	15.9756893405254	5.23858159201968
2018	14.2890536897925	7.92407013966698
2019	16.6449243626549	10.1664792175902
2020	33.2751915796864	-9.01430079963208
2021	31.1589233039783	3.23179120095728
2022	26.5025327373712	19.8110605057597
2023	26.2520922348866	20.7248364506507
2024	37.5763363341069	24.1528226017431
2025	38.4625364609831	30.4252312182666

Get the data: PxStat NA013

Household Saving in 2025 increased 2.4% or €0.9 billion compared to 2024. Companies’ Savings of €130.5 billion were recorded in the year, a decrease of €17.5 billion in the year or 11.8% in percentage terms year-on-year. Government Saving recorded a peak value in 2025 over the timespan since 1995 of €30.4 billion, an increase of €6.3 billion compared with 2024. Gross National Savings amounted to €197.0 billion in 2025, a decrease of 4.9% or €10.0 billion.

Tables 12.4 to 12.7 show gross national saving, capital formation and the distribution of household income along with its relationship to Net National Product at Factor Cost.

Table 12.4 shows the gross saving of households calculated from elements of household income and expenditure.

Table 12.4 Household Income and Expenditure

Table 12.5 shows the gross saving of Government calculated from elements of Government current income and expenditure.

Table 12.5 Current Income and Expenditure of Central and Local Government

Table 12.6 shows a breakdown of the sources of gross national saving available for investment in domestic capital formation. It also provides a breakdown of capital formation by whether the capital was produced domestically or imported. See tables 11.1 and 11.2 for further detail on capital formation.

Table 12.6 Savings and Capital Formation

Table 12.6 Savings and Capital Formation							€ million
Description	ESA code	2020	2021	2022	2023	2,024	2025 ¹
28. Household Saving	B.8g_S.1M	33,275	31,159	26,503	26,252	37,576	38,463
29. Companies' Saving	B.8g_S.11 & B.8g_S.12	102,993	122,083	128,125	141,545	147,934	130,460
30. Government Saving	B.8g_S.13	-9,014	3,232	19,811	20,725	24,153	30,425
31. Statistical Discrepancy²		4,204	787	-3,692	-2,660	-2,571	-2,304
32. Gross National Saving³	B.8g_S.1	131,458	157,261	170,746	185,862	207,093	197,044

33. Net foreign capital transfers	D.9_S.2 net	440	616	547	2,670	252	306
34. Statistical Discrepancy		4,204	787	-3,692	-2,660	-2,571	-2,304
35. Net foreign disinvestment	B.9_S.2	38,902	-56,150	-44,692	-33,583	-93,881	-42,718
36. Net investment in non-produced non-financial assets	NP_S.1	-11,996	1,239	-1,114	-11,410	-2,190	-5,868
37. Gross total available for investment in domestic capital formation	P.5	163,008	103,753	121,794	140,878	108,704	146,460

Capital formation
38. Building and construction		23,580	26,869	31,964	37,593	38,805	43,887
39. Other home produced capital goods and services		-6,223	6,533	6,666	9,419	-9,166	10,059
40. Imported capital goods and services		141,057	66,069	74,106	84,583	72,612	91,316
41. Value of physical changes in agricultural stocks		-55	118	-0	-60	-106	-5
42. Increase in value of non-agricultural stocks and work in progress (incl. EU intervention stocks)		2,742	8,139	13,347	5,801	6,823	981
43. Adjustment for stock appreciation		1,907	-3,975	-4,288	3,542	-263	223
44. Gross domestic physical capital formation		163,008	103,753	121,794	140,878	108,704	146,461
¹Preliminary
²The statistical discrepancy is included for consistency with the Institutional Sector Accounts. It is included twice because this spans the income and expenditure methods
³There is a discrepancy of €9m and €4m in years 2023 and 2024 respectively for gross national saving compared to table 12.1. This reflects a data vintage issue owing to the later publication date of table 12.6

Open in Excel: Annual National Accounts 2025 Table 12.6 (XLS 24KB)

Visit Table NA013 on PxStat

Table 12.7 shows a breakdown of the net income of households and its relationship to Net National Product at Factor Cost.

Table 12.7 Distribution of Household Income and its relationship to Net National Product at Factor Cost

Table 12.7 Distribution of Household Income and its relationship to Net National Product at Factor Cost							€ million
Description	ESA Code	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025¹
45. Wages and salaries	D.11_S.1M	89,738	99,816	111,272	119,937	131,075	139,910
46. Employers' social contributions	D.12_S.1M	16,365	19,682	21,989	24,062	27,193	25,249
47. Net compensation of employees from abroad	D.1_S.2 net	-302	-308	-393	-432	-573	-628
48. Income of independent traders	B.3n_S.1M	13,228	14,906	18,111	18,392	21,619	23,576
49. Rent (real and imputed) of households	B.2n_S.1M	10,681	10,918	11,974	14,168	15,730	16,051
50. Interest and other investment income	D.4G_REC_S.1M	4,539	5,585	8,209	9,503	10,557	12,275
51. FISIM on interest received		703	977	1,163	3,656	5,285	4,299
52. Interest paid and land rent	D.4G_PAY_S.1M	-4,285	-4,745	-4,831	-5,671	-6,947	-7,122
53. Adjustment for FISIM on interest paid		2,860	3,221	3,060	1,545	922	1,718
54. Net income of households	B.5n_S.1M	133,528	150,052	170,554	185,161	204,861	215,328
55. Undistributed profits of companies	B.5n_S.11 & B.5n_S.12	16,294	34,318	40,313	49,572	55,781	57,573
56. Private income	B.5n_S.11, S.12, S.1M	149,822	184,370	210,867	234,732	260,642	272,901
57. Government interest paid	D.4PAY_S.13	3,822	3,291	3,309	3,366	3,242	2,928
58. Government trading and investment income	B.2n_S.13 + D.4REC_S.13	1,112	453	635	1,873	2,123	1,822
59. Statistical discrepancy (equals Item 12, Table 1)		4,204	787	-3,692	-2,660	-2,571	-2,304
60. Net national product at factor cost ²		151,316	182,319	204,501	230,587	256,957	269,493
61. Taxes less subsidies of National Government	D.2REC_S.13-D.3PAY_S.13	16,980	21,817	27,913	30,396	32,478	34,282
62. Net national income at market prices	B.5n_S.1	168,296	204,136	232,414	260,984	289,435	303,775
¹Preliminary
²There is a discrepancy of €9m and €4m in years 2023 and 2024 respectively between the components of net national product at factor cost and the aggregate. The aggregate is aligned with table 3.1. The discrepancy reflects a data vintage issue owing to the later publication date of table 12.7.

Open in Excel: Annual National Accounts 2025 Table 12.7 (XLS 24KB)

Visit Table NA014 on PxStat

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Table 12.1 Gross National Disposable Income and its Use							€ million
Description	ESA Code	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025¹
105. Gross domestic product at current market prices	B.1*g	380,701	448,469	523,248	520,792	561,940	602,441
106. Net factor income from the rest of the world	D.1 & D.4	-103,801	-128,946	-165,125	-126,625	-134,183	-173,001
	(net to abroad)
107. Gross national product at current market prices		276,900	319,523	358,124	394,167	427,757	429,440
108. EU subsidies	D.3	1,191	1,177	1,199	1,128	1,230	1,187
109. EU taxes	D.2	-410	-735	-876	-884	-589	-615
110. Gross national income at current market prices	B.5*g	277,681	319,965	358,447	394,411	428,399	430,012
111. Current transfers from the rest of the world
less current transfers to the rest of the world (excluding EU subsidies and taxes)	D.7	-3,891	-4,482	-4,769	-4,671	-4,554	-5,304
112. Gross national disposable income	B.6g	273,790	315,483	353,677	389,740	423,844	424,709
113. Personal consumption of goods and services	P.3	101,664	113,790	134,807	150,922	159,231	166,221
114. Net expenditure by central and local government on current goods and services	P.3	40,667	44,429	48,125	52,948	57,516	61,442
115. Total consumption expenditure	P.3	142,332	158,220	182,931	203,870	216,747	227,663
116. Gross national savings	B.8g	131,458	157,263	170,746	185,871	207,097	197,046
117. Provision for depreciation	P.51c	109,385	115,829	126,032	133,427	138,963	126,237
118. Net national savings	B.8n	22,074	41,434	44,714	52,443	68,134	70,809
¹Preliminary

Table 12.2 Annual Percentage Changes in the Main Constituents of Table 12.1							%
Description	ESA Code	2020-2025	2020-2021	2021-2022	2022-2023	2023-2024	2024-2025
Gross domestic product at current market prices	B.1*g	9.6	17.8	16.7	-0.5	7.9	7.2
Gross national product at current market prices		9.2	15.4	12.1	10.1	8.5	0.4
Gross national disposable income	B.6g	9.2	15.2	12.1	10.2	8.8	0.2
Personal consumption of goods and services	P.3	10.3	11.9	18.5	12.0	5.5	4.4
Net expenditure by central and local government on current goods and services	P.3	8.6	9.3	8.3	10.0	8.6	6.8
Total consumption expenditure	P.3	9.8	11.2	15.6	11.4	6.3	5.0
Gross national savings	B.8g	8.4	19.6	8.6	8.9	11.4	-4.9
Provision for depreciation	P.51c	2.9	5.9	8.8	5.9	4.1	-9.2
Net national savings	B.8n	26.3	87.7	7.9	17.3	29.9	3.9

Table 12.3 Gross National Disposable Income at Constant Market Prices (chain linked annually and referenced to year 2024)² Adjusted for Terms of Trade (i.e. Real Gross National Disposable Income)
						€ million
Description	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025¹
Gross national income (adjusted for terms of trade)	330,427	365,154	381,534	404,766	428,399	415,366
Net current transfers from abroad excluding EU subsidies and taxes	-3,673	-4,475	-4,877	-4,599	-4,554	-5,312
Gross national disposable income (adjusted for terms of trade)	326,849	360,675	376,622	400,154	423,844	410,053
Index of Real Gross National Disposable Income	77.1	85.1	88.9	94.4	100.0	96.7
¹Preliminary
²Chain linked series not additive except for 2024 and 2025

Table 12.4 Household Income and Expenditure							€ million
Description	ESA Code	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025¹
1. Net income of households	B.5n_S.1M	133,528	150,052	170,554	185,161	204,861	215,328
2. Income and wealth taxes	D.5PAY_S.1M	-25,334	-30,343	-34,009	-35,522	-37,836	-39,952
3. Pension and other social contributions paid	D.61PAY_S.1M	-22,276	-26,525	-30,881	-34,584	-38,158	-37,026
4. Pension and other social benefits received	D.62REC_S.1M	34,998	35,577	35,163	38,905	43,082	40,995
5. Other transfers (net)	D.7_S1M net	-1,326	-1,352	-322	364	187	-1,119
6. Net disposable income of households	B.6n_S1M	119,590	127,409	140,504	154,324	172,137	178,227
7. Consumption of fixed capital	P.51c_S.1M	6,270	6,808	7,968	8,817	9,544	10,681
8. Gross disposable income of households	B.6g_S.1M	125,860	134,216	148,472	163,142	181,681	188,908
9. Personal consumption of goods and services	P.3	-101,664	-113,790	-134,807	-150,922	-159,231	-166,221
of which
9.1 final consumption expenditure of government	D.632PAY_S13	7,361	8,083	8,989	10,580	11,169	11,805
10. Final consumption expenditure of households	P.31_S.1M	-94,303	-105,708	-125,818	-140,342	-148,062	-154,416
11. Adjustment for saving in pension funds	D.8REC_S.1M	1,719	2,650	3,849	3,452	3,957	3,971
12. Gross saving of households	B.8g_S.1M	33,275	31,159	26,503	26,252	37,576	38,463
¹Preliminary

Table 12.5 Current Income and Expenditure of Central and Local Government							€ million
Description	ESA Code	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025 ¹
13. Taxes on income and wealth	D.5	37,294	45,684	56,613	59,690	66,119	72,857
14. Social contributions	D.61	15,410	17,489	20,020	21,473	22,967	24,610
15. Taxes on production and imports (including rates)	D.2	23,743	29,445	31,611	33,271	35,752	37,603
16. Gross value added	B.1g	29,986	32,414	35,423	38,677	41,851	44,708
17. Investment income	D.4	1,112	453	635	1,873	2,123	1,822
18. Current transfers	D.7	755	1,150	1,012	1,191	1,039	1,018
19. Current income		108,299	126,634	145,313	156,175	169,851	182,619

20. Compensation of employees	D.1	24,953	26,712	28,834	31,410	33,998	36,362
21. Subsidies (excluding EU subsidies)	D.3	6,762	7,627	3,697	2,874	3,274	3,321
22. Social transfers in cash	D.62	29,371	28,658	27,613	28,957	31,318	32,043
23. Current transfers	D.7	4,377	4,602	4,935	5,314	5,181	4,293
24. Debt interest	D.4	3,822	3,291	3,309	3,366	3,242	2,928
25. Total final consumption expenditure	P.3	48,028	52,512	57,113	63,528	68,685	73,247
26. Current expenditure		117,313	123,402	125,502	135,450	145,698	152,193

27. Gross Saving of Government	B.8g	-9,014	3,232	19,811	20,725	24,153	30,425
¹Preliminary

Annual National Accounts 2025

Disposable Income and Savings

Disposable Income and Savings

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