The Midland region (Laois, Longford, Offaly, and Westmeath), the second smallest agricultural producing region as measured by the value of agricultural output, saw the value of its Agricultural Output increase by 12% (+€163m) and its Entrepreneurial Income rise by 80% to €555m in 2025. This rate of increase in Entrepreneurial Income was the largest of all regions.
The West (Galway, Mayo, and Roscommon), the smallest agricultural producing region in terms of output value, experienced the largest rate of growth in the value of its Agricultural Output at Basic Prices (+18%). As the region with the largest dependency on Cattle, it also had the second largest rate of increase in Entrepreneurial Income, which rose by 47% (+€181m) to €564m in 2025.
The Border region (Cavan, Donegal, Leitrim, Monaghan, and Sligo) had the second largest rate of increase in Cattle values (+38%, +€143m) in 2025. As the largest producer of Pigs in the country, the lower Pig prices resulted in the value of its Pig Production falling by 8% (-€14m). The value of its Agricultural Output at Basic Prices grew 11% (+€175m) and its Entrepreneurial Income was up by 17% to €630m.
The Mid-West (Clare, Limerick, and Tipperary) was the largest producer of Cattle and the second largest producer of Milk in 2025. The value of its Agricultural Output at Basic Prices grew by 14% (+€299m), while its Entrepreneurial Income rose by 43% to €687m, with Cattle (+€206m) the main contributor to this increase.
The South-East (Carlow, Kilkenny, Waterford, and Wexford) is the second largest producer of Crops in the State. The value of its Agricultural Output at Basic Prices was up 10% (+€191m) with Cattle accounting for €144m of this growth and Milk an additional €68m. Intermediate Consumption costs increased by 5% (+€57m) and its Entrepreneurial Income rose by 29% to €634m.
In 2025, the South-West (Cork and Kerry), the largest Milk producing region in the country, saw the value of its Agricultural Output at Basic Prices grow by 10% (+€259m). Expenditure on Intermediate Consumption rose by 7% to €1.7bn, the highest rate of increase of all regions. The region’s Entrepreneurial Income was up by 10% to €887m. This was the lowest rate of increase in Entrepreneurial Income of all regions.
The Dublin & Mid-East region (Dublin, Kildare, Louth, Meath, and Wicklow) is the largest crop producing region in the State. The value of its Agricultural Output was up by 9% (+€143m), the lowest rate of increase of all regions. Expenditure on Intermediate Consumption costs rose by 7% to €915m, the second highest rate of increase, while its Entrepreneurial Income was up 28% to €628m.
The value of Agricultural Output at Basic Prices grew by 12% (+€1.4bn) to €14.0bn in 2025, with Cattle the main contributor to this increase, adding an additional €1.1bn (+36%) to its value. The overall value of Livestock was up 25% (+€1.2bn) with Sheep accounting for an additional €7m (+2%), Horses an extra €45m (+15%), and Poultry a further €22m (+9%). As a result of a 5% drop in prices, the value of Pigs contracted by €17m (-2%) as volume increases offset some of the impact of lower prices.
Milk prices were up 3% in 2025, and with volumes also higher, the value of milk grew by €316m (+8%) to €4.5bn. With prices down an average of 6%, the value of Crops fell by €87m (-3%) to €2.7bn as higher volumes reduced some of the impact of lower prices. There were some large movements in Crop prices, with Cereal prices down an average of 14% and Potato prices down 24%. Fresh Vegetables were the only crops that achieved significantly higher prices (+15%) in 2025, although lower volumes (-9%) offset some of this gain.
Intermediate Consumption costs increased by 5% (+€380m) to €8.0bn. The main contributors to this rise were Fertilisers (+22%, +€132m) and Maintenance & Repairs (+17%, +€107m). Higher volumes (+16%) combined with stronger prices (+5%) were the source of the additional expenditure on Fertilisers. While there was a 2% increase in Maintenance & Repair prices, a 15% growth in volumes was the main contributor to the rise in expenditure on these items, with the major structural damage caused by Storm Éowyn in January 2025 undoubtedly contributing to this increase.
The impact of the higher value of Agricultural Output at Basic Prices combined with higher Intermediate Consumption costs, higher Fixed Capital Consumption (+1%, +€8m), Compensation of Employees’ costs (+8%, +€95m), and the receipt of larger payments for Other Subsidies less Taxes on Production (+1%, +€25m) resulted in Agricultural Operating Surplus rising by 23% (+€985m) to €5.3bn. When the lower costs of Net Interest Payments and Land Rent are accounted for, Entrepreneurial Income grew by 31% (+€1.1bn) to €4.6bn in 2025 (See Table 1.1 and PxStat Table ACA03).
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Statistician's Comment
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (08 October 2026) published Regional Accounts for Agriculture 2025.
Commenting on the release, Mairead Griffin, Statistician in the Agricultural Accounts & Production Section, said:
“As we reported in the Output, Input and Income in Agriculture - Final Estimate 2025 release, the value of Agricultural Output at Basic Prices increased by €1.4bn (+12%) in 2025, with Cattle accounting for €1.1bn of this growth. The price of Milk rose by 3% and with output volumes also higher, the value of Milk production went up by 8%. Pig prices were down 5%, although the full impact of lower prices on production values was offset by slightly higher volumes, resulting in the value of Pig production falling by 2%. The value of Crops was down 3% for the year. Cereal prices fell by an average of 14%, but higher volumes resulted in just a 1% fall in Cereal values. Potatoes and Wool were both big movers in terms of prices, with Potato prices falling by 24% and Wool prices increasing by 24%. Despite higher volumes (+8%), the substantial fall in Potato prices resulted in their value contracting by 18%.
Intermediate Consumption costs were up 5% (+€380m), with Fertilisers accounting for €132m of this rise. The cost of Maintenance & Repairs grew by €107m (+17%), with the damage caused by Storm Éowyn contributing to this increase. At a national level, Operating Surplus was up 23% (+€985m) while Entrepreneurial Income, which factors in the cost of land rent and interest payments, rose by 31% (+€1.1bn) in 2025.
Output Values
As would be expected given the large increase in Cattle prices, areas with a high concentration of Cattle experienced some of the largest increases in the value of their Agricultural Output at Basic Prices. The West (Galway, Mayo, and Roscommon), which has the highest dependency of all regions on Cattle for its income, also had the highest rate of growth in the value of its agricultural outputs, which rose by 18% compared with the national average of 12%. The Mid-West (Clare, Limerick, and Tipperary), which is the largest Cattle producing region in the country, had the second highest rate of increase in the value of its outputs, which grew by 14%. Dublin & Mid-East had the smallest (+9%) growth rate in the value of its outputs, as its high dependency on Crops had a dampening effect on its income. Potatoes alone contributed €32m less to the region’s output compared with 2024.
Intermediate Consumption Costs
At a national level, Intermediate Consumption costs rose by 5% as the cost of most inputs grew. The most notable increases were in the cost of Fertilisers (+22%), Maintenance & Repairs (+17%), and Other Goods & Services (+10%). At 7%, the South-West (Cork and Kerry) and Dublin & Mid East (Dublin, Kildare, Louth, Meath, and Wicklow) regions had the highest rate of increase in costs, with the South-West spending an additional €34m on Fertilisers and an extra €24m each on Maintenance & Repairs, and Other Goods & Services. The most notable increase in expenditure by farmers in the Dublin & Mid-East region was on Maintenance & Repairs (+€24m, +39%), Fertilisers (+€16m, +22%), and Contract Work (+€14m, +21%). The West, at 3%, had the lowest rate of increase in Intermediate Consumption costs and was the only region that spent less on Other Goods & Services (-€1m, -1%) and Veterinary Expenses (-€3m, -6%) in 2025.
Agricultural Income
At 61%, the Midland region had the largest increase in Operating Surplus, which grew by €230m, followed by the West at 34% (+€159m). The region with the lowest rate of increase (+9%) was the South-West. When Net Interest and Land Rental costs are accounted for (i.e. Entrepreneurial Income), the ranking of these three regions remains but the rate of increase rose to 80% (+€246m) for the Midland region, 47% (+€181m) for the West, while the South-West region saw its Entrepreneurial Income grow by 10% (+€80m). Subsidies remain an important component of farm incomes, with the value of net subsidies (i.e. all subsidy payments minus all levies or taxes) increasing nationally by 2% (+€45m) to €2.0bn. Dublin & Mid-East saw the highest rate of increase in net subsidy payments (+10%, +€18m), followed by the South-East at 7% (+€15m).”