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Leaving Certificate 2026: Economics Research Project

Economics Research Study Brief 2026

Research Topic 1

Candidates are required to pursue an individual line of inquiry analysing and evaluating the impact of one recent external economic shock (since 2020) on Ireland’s economic resilience under the following two headings:

Analyse and evaluate the economic implications of the external economic shock on a firm or firms in Ireland within one of the following sectors:

  • The agrifood sector
  • The energy sector
  • The information and communications technology (ICT) sector
  • The pharmaceutical sector

Analyse and evaluate how your chosen external shock has exposed weaknesses in the economic resilience of Irish government economic policy.

OR

Research Topic 2

Candidates are required to pursue an individual line of inquiry analysing and evaluating the impact of one recent external economic shock (since 2020) on consumer behaviour in Ireland and on Ireland’s fiscal sustainability under the following two headings:

The economic implications of the external economic shock for consumer behaviour within one of the following areas:

  • Consumer spending on energy
  • Consumer spending on food
  • Consumer spending on housing (including actual rental payments)

Analyse and evaluate the implications of Irish government supports to households in the aftermath of the shock for Ireland’s fiscal sustainability.

 

A list of CSO resources relevant to the project briefs is listed here:

International Accounts

PxStat Tables: AnnualQuarterly

External Trade in Goods

  • Goods Exports and Imports statistics provide data on the movement of goods between countries. The monthly and annual trade releases provide detailed analysis on the exports of goods from Ireland and imports of goods into Ireland at the country and commodity (good) level.
  • The monthly release also includes seasonally adjusted trade figures.

PxStat Tables

Compensation of Employees

PxStat Tables: NA004, NA005NA018

Survey on Income and Living Conditions

  • The Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) household survey is the official source of data on household and individual income. It provides a number of key national poverty indicators, such as: the at risk of poverty rate, the rate of enforced deprivation, and the consistent poverty rate. 
  • SILC also provides further insight on the impact of challenges that face Irish society, for example, the impact of COVID-19 income supports, and the impact cost-of-living measures had on income and poverty rates.
  • The impact of cost-of-living measures on poverty rates by self-perceived health status is also available.
  • In addition to SILC, the Income Consumption and Wealth Division published a series of releases investigating the social impact of COVID-19.

PxStat Tables

Household Budget Survey

  • The primary purpose of the Household Budget Survey (HBS) is to ensure that the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the official measure of inflation, continues to be based on up-to-date and accurate household expenditure. The data collected in the HBS is used to measure the cost of living in Ireland. The most recent release published is HBS 2022-2023.

PxStat Tables

Output, Input & Income in Agriculture / Agriculture Accounts

  • The Output, Input & Income in Agriculture release provides detailed estimates of major items of agricultural accounts such as outputs, input costs, gross and net value added, and operating surplus.

PxStat Tables

Energy

PxStat Tables: Metered Electricity Consumption, Trends in Metered Electricity and Gas BillsFuel Excise Clearances

Enterprise Statistics

  • The CSO’s Business in Ireland Series offers comprehensive insights into the economic activity and performance of businesses in Ireland over time.

Retail and Services

  • The Monthly Services Index (MSI) monitors short term trends in output of enterprises in the non-financial traded services sector. The monthly release shows seasonally adjusted value and volume indices for the Monthly Service Index. It highlights the performance of the Information & Communication sector.

PxStat Table: MSA03

Industry

  • Industrial Production and Turnover (IPT) monitors the volume of production and the value of turnover of industrial local units. The survey produces two key indices: the monthly production index and the monthly turnover index. Each monthly release provides insights into the performance of the globalised Modern sector, which encompasses the Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Computer & Electronic industries.

PxStat Tables: MSM01MIA05

Personal Consumption Expenditure

  • The Annual National Accounts (ANA) release shows the state of the Irish economy by publishing various economic indicators, including some measures of consumption, such as Final Consumption Expenditure (FCE) by households, a component of Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE).
  • As part of these releases, other figures relating to consumption are also published, such as market production purchased by government for households.
  • Figures are produced annually on a granular level in terms of the Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP), an international classification system of household expenditure.

PxStat Tables: NA022NA023

Housing

PxStat Tables

Consumer Prices

  • The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is designed to measure the change in the average level of prices (inclusive of all indirect taxes) paid for consumer goods and services by all private and institutional households in the country and by foreign tourists holidaying in Ireland. The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is a subset of the CPI and allows for comparison of price changes across the EU and Eurozone countries.
  • The weights for the Consumer Price Index can be found on the methodological documents page and provide an insight into the changing expenditure patterns of households over time and how different items contribute to the overall inflation rate.

PxStat Tables

Government Supports

  • The CSO publishes Government Finance Statistics on a quarterly and annual basis. These releases include statistics such as expenditure and debt. Social Protection Expenditure releases provide information annually on total social expenditure and breakdowns by function.

PxStat Tables

List of Project Resources by theme

For a condensed list of all resources by project theme, please see the table below.

CSO Resources
International Accounts International Accounts Quarterly
Balance of International Payments
Current and Capital Accounts
Accounts with the UK and the US
International Trade in Services
External Trade in Goods Goods Exports and Imports
Goods Exports and Imports Monthly Archive 2025
Ireland's Trade in Goods
Compensation of Employees Compensation of Employees
Quarterly National Accounts (QNA)
Annual National Accounts (ANA)
GDP by Incomes (ANA 2024)
Compensation of Employees in QNA
SILC Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC)
Poverty Indicators by Health Status - SILC
Social Conditions
Household Budget Survey Household Budget Survey (HBS)
HBS 2022-2023
Agriculture Accounts Output, Input and Income in Agriculture
Energy Metered Electricity Consumption
Trends in Metered Electricity and Gas Bills
Fuel Excise Clearances
Business Energy Use
Enterprise Statistics Business in Ireland
Retail and Services Monthly Services Index
Industry Industrial Production and Turnover
Personal Consumption Expenditure Annual National Accounts (ANA)
Final Consumption Expenditure (FCE) of Households
Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE)
Housing Hub Housing Hub
Housing Hub - Property Prices
Housing Hub - Rent Prices
Imputed Rental Payments
Consumer Prices Consumer Price Index (CPI)
CPI Methodological Documents
Government Supports Government Finance Statistics Quarterly
Government Finance Statistics Annual
Social Protection Expenditure