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Transport Omnibus 2020

Penalty Points

COVID-19 Release Information

This publication has been compiled during the COVID-19 crisis. The results contained in this publication reflect some of the economic impacts of the COVID-19 situation.

Penalty points

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During 2020, a total of 198,589 penalty point endorsement notices were issued, an increase of 3.9% on the previous year.
74.0% of all penalty point endorsement notices issued in 2020 were for speeding. This compares with 64.3% in 2019.
Males incurred nearly twice as many penalty point endorsement notices as females in 2020. Of the 177,915 endorsement notices where gender was recorded, males incurred 118,413 (66.6%) penalty point endorsement notices while females incurred 59,502 (33.4%) notices.
There were 862 drivers with 12 penalty points on their licences on 31st December 2020, of which 72 drivers received all 12 penalty points in 2020. The total number of drivers with penalty points on their licences was 515,249.

	Penalty point endorsement notices by offence type, 2020
Speeding	74
Driving a vehicle while holding a mobile phone	10.6
Other	15.4

	Penalty endorsement notices by offence type, 2019
Speeding	64.3
Driving a vehicle while holding a mobile phone	14.2
Other	21.5

Penalty points

Table 3.1 Key figures for penalty point endorsement notices, 2019 and 2020
Number and rate
Offence type	2019	2020	% Change 2019-2020
Male	108,023	118,413	9.6
Female	55,095	59,502	8.0
No gender recorded	27,986	20,674	-26.1
Total endorsement notices issued	191,104	198,589	3.9
Sources: Department of Transport and Road Safety Authority

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.1 (XLS 9KB)

Table 3.2 Number of penalty points¹ recorded by county at 31 December 2019 and 2020
County	2019	2020	% Change 2019-2020
Carlow	7,958	8,383	5.3
Cavan	9,377	10,204	8.8
Clare	18,872	17,610	-6.7
Cork	62,028	63,525	2.4
Donegal	13,665	14,302	4.7
Dublin	131,220	137,321	4.6
Galway	34,700	34,452	-0.7
Kerry	17,580	17,951	2.1
Kildare	29,134	30,058	3.2
Kilkenny	11,613	11,584	-0.2
Laois	12,197	11,925	-2.2
Leitrim	3,394	3,502	3.2
Limerick	28,165	27,387	-2.8
Longford	5,968	6,273	5.1
Louth	11,600	12,383	6.7
Mayo	16,582	16,557	-0.2
Meath	23,649	25,374	7.3
Monaghan	7,602	7,322	-3.7
Offaly	10,426	10,858	4.1
Roscommon	8,458	8,310	-1.7
Sligo	7,176	6,812	-5.1
Tipperary	19,599	20,425	4.2
Waterford	14,597	15,766	8.0
Westmeath	10,556	11,356	7.6
Wexford	24,875	24,433	-1.8
Wicklow	19,622	22,346	13.9
Foreign licence holders²	59,678	54,553	-8.6
Unknown³	769	809	5.2
Total	621,060	631,781	1.7
Sources: Department of Transport and Road Safety Authority
¹ Penalty points are recorded on the offender’s driving licence and remain on the licence for a period of three years.
² Drivers who produce a valid foreign licence and have an Irish address.
³ Unknown refers to non-resident drivers who pay on the spot penalty fines.

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.2 (XLS 11KB)

Table 3.3 Top 20 penalty point endorsement notices issued, 2019 and 2020
				Number and rate
Offence type	Penalty points on payment	Penalty points on conviction	2019	2020	% Change 2019-2020
Speeding	3	5	122,893	146,958	19.6
Driving a vehicle while holding a mobile phone	3	5	27,073	21,143	-21.9
Driving without reasonable consideration	2	4	5,270	4,500	-14.6
Use vehicle without NCT certificate	3	5	6,586	3,878	-41.1
Fail to obey traffic lights	3	5	4,314	3,553	-17.6
Learner driver unaccompanied by a qualified driver	2	4	3,312	3,068	-7.4
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. M1 Vehicle	3	5	4,107	2,468	-39.9
No insurance - (user)	n/a	5	4,334	2,420	-44.2
Non-Display of L Plate (Learner Driver)	2	4	1,445	1,284	-11.1
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. N1 Vehicle	3	5	1,332	942	-29.3
Cross continuous white line/broken white line	3	5	1,055	846	-19.8
Fail to comply with prohibitory traffic signs	1	3	1,241	738	-40.5
Non-Display of N plate (Novice driver)	2	4	535	594	11.0
Driver Fail Restrain Child O/3 in Child Restraint	3	5	604	525	-13.1
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. N3 Vehicle	3	5	480	503	4.8
Careless Driving	n/a	5	624	465	-25.5
Dangerous Driving Reduced to Careless Driving	3	5	544	442	-18.8
Driver Fail ensure Passenger U/17 wear Safety Belt	3	5	534	414	-22.5
Offence relating to Overtaking	3	5	648	383	-40.9
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. N2 Vehicle	3	5	433	378	-12.7
Sources: Department of Transport and Road Safety Authority
¹ n/a-Mandatory court offence

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.3 (XLS 11KB)

Table 3.4 Number of penalty point endorsement notices issued by gender and county, 2020
County	Female	Male	No gender recorded	Total
Carlow	905	1,804	61	2,770
Cavan	1,149	2,204	74	3,427
Clare	1,704	3,131	85	4,920
Cork	6,303	12,737	428	19,468
Donegal	1,477	3,056	164	4,697
Galway	4,469	7,062	271	11,802
Kerry	1,653	3,296	189	5,138
Kildare	2,985	6,281	158	9,424
Kilkenny	1,039	2,179	53	3,271
Laois	1,119	2,369	87	3,575
Leitrim	343	696	26	1,065
Limerick	2,243	4,513	294	7,050
Longford	540	1,256	59	1,855
Louth	1,164	2,874	114	4,152
Mayo	1,724	3,430	61	5,215
Meath	2,953	5,805	130	8,888
Monaghan	678	1,301	61	2,040
Offaly	1,126	2,332	77	3,535
Roscommon	911	1,795	63	2,769
Sligo	537	1,179	33	1,749
Tipperary	2,268	4,301	144	6,713
Waterford	1,484	3,107	104	4,695
Westmeath	1,361	2,477	78	3,916
Wexford	2,407	5,050	118	7,575
Wicklow	3,102	5,064	80	8,246
Dublin	13,858	29,114	931	43,903
Foreign licence holder¹			16,466	16,466
Unknown²			265	265
Total	59,502	118,413	20,674	198,589
Source: Department of Transport
¹ Drivers who produce a valid foreign licence and have an Irish address.
² Unknown refers to non-resident drivers who pay on the spot penalty fines.

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.4 (XLS 13KB)

Table 3.5 Number of penalty point endorsement notices issued by gender, 2014 - 2020
Year	Female	Male	No gender recorded	Total
2014	73,397	122,808	36,925	233,130
2015	78,450	132,467	38,682	249,599
2016	62,461	105,382	31,001	198,844
2017	56,142	102,125	30,828	189,095
2018	50,460	98,993	27,639	177,092
2019	55,095	108,023	27,986	191,104
2020	59,502	118,413	20,674	198,589
Source: Department of Transport

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.5 (XLS 9KB)

Table 3.6 Number of penalty point endorsement notices issued by gender and age, 2020
Age profile	Female	Male	No gender recorded	Total	% of total
Under 21	635	2,989		3,624	1.8
21 to 25	3,662	10,369		14,031	7.1
26 to 30	5,500	11,818		17,318	8.7
31 to 35	6,929	13,859		20,788	10.5
36 to 40	8,560	15,845		24,405	12.3
41 to 45	8,513	14,978		23,491	11.8
46 to 50	7,940	13,812		21,752	11.0
51 to 55	6,427	11,247		17,674	8.9
56 to 60	4,580	8,792		13,372	6.7
61 to 65	2,922	6,150		9,072	4.6
over 65	3,834	8,554		12,388	6.2
Date of birth not recorded			20,674	20,674	10.4
Total	59,502	118,413	20,674	198,589	100.0
Source: Department of Transport

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.6 (XLS 10KB)

Table 3.7 Number of penalty point endorsement notices issued to males by offence type and age group, 2020
Offence description	Age (years)
Offence description	Under 21	21-25	26-30	31-40	41-50	51-65	66 and over	Total	%
Speeding	1,638	6,938	8,127	20,563	21,069	19,999	7,000	85,334	72.1
Driving a vehicle while holding a mobile phone	171	968	1,452	4,725	3,720	2,716	529	14,281	12.1
Driving without reasonable consideration	223	435	344	695	588	516	218	3,019	2.5
Fail to obey traffic lights	67	217	236	580	585	527	152	2,364	2.0
Use vehicle without NCT certificate	36	205	278	607	630	422	91	2,269	1.9
Learner driver unaccompanied by a qualified driver	281	483	322	440	239	86	7	1,858	1.6
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. M1 Vehicle	35	115	140	368	382	495	189	1,724	1.5
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. N1 Vehicle	8	36	54	185	194	252	86	815	0.7
Non-Display of L Plate (Learner Driver)	137	201	158	190	84	28	2	800	0.7
Cross continuous white line/broken white line	21	71	52	116	149	144	42	595	0.5
No insurance - (user)	15	94	126	167	104	71	15	592	0.5
Fail to comply with prohibitory traffic signs	7	37	54	140	125	133	28	524	0.4
Non-Display of N plate (Novice driver)	201	170	63	44	10	3	1	492	0.4
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. N3 Vehicle	0	7	20	64	133	137	20	381	0.3
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. N2 Vehicle	5	9	32	59	67	84	34	290	0.2
Driver Fail Restrain Child O/3 in Child Restraint	1	11	27	110	76	37	12	274	0.2
Offence relating to Overtaking	12	33	26	66	57	45	8	247	0.2
Driver Fail ensure Passenger U/17 wear Safety Belt	11	15	15	58	62	36	7	204	0.2
Entry to hatched marked area	8	13	11	48	50	43	9	182	0.2
Bald/Not maintained/cause damage tyre-Right front wheel	17	23	28	46	31	22	5	172	0.1
Other offence types	95	288	253	433	435	393	99	1,996	1.7
Total issued	2,989	10,369	11,818	29,704	28,790	26,189	8,554	118,413	100.0
Source: Department of Transport

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.7 (XLS 12KB)

Table 3.8 Number of penalty point endorsement notices issued to females by offence type and age group, 2020
Offence description	Age (years)
Offence description	Under 21	21-25	26-30	31-40	41-50	51-65	66 and over	Total	%
Speeding	430	2,703	4,076	11,790	13,364	12,022	3,479	47,864	80.4
Driving a vehicle while holding a mobile phone	39	282	562	1,808	1,409	794	90	4,984	8.4
Learner driver unaccompanied by a qualified driver	61	237	209	321	218	98	1	1,145	1.9
Use vehicle without NCT certificate	5	46	106	370	353	190	27	1,097	1.8
Driving without reasonable consideration	29	101	113	231	238	182	86	980	1.6
Fail to obey traffic lights	12	56	94	228	236	209	45	880	1.5
Non-Display of L Plate (Learner Driver)	23	83	86	121	92	25	2	432	0.7
Adult Failing to wear Safety Belt cat. M1 Vehicle	3	11	36	119	106	113	41	429	0.7
No insurance - (user)	3	21	40	76	41	19	3	203	0.3
Driver Fail Restrain Child O/3 in Child Restraint	1	8	29	80	44	17	3	182	0.3
Fail to comply with prohibitory traffic signs	1	9	18	38	54	42	5	167	0.3
Cross continuous white line/broken white line	6	14	17	33	49	43	3	165	0.3
Driver Fail ensure Passenger U/17 wear Safety Belt	0	4	17	56	48	22	5	152	0.3
Non-Display of N plate (Novice driver)	10	35	19	25	4	1	1	95	0.2
Offence relating to Overtaking	0	7	6	17	27	11	5	73	0.1
Careless Driving	2	2	7	12	13	14	9	59	0.1
Driver Fail Restrain Child U/3 in Child Restraint	1	5	15	17	13	5	0	56	0.1
Bald/Not maintained/cause damage tyre-Right front wheel	1	2	5	15	11	11	0	45	0.1
Entry to hatched marked area	2	2	5	13	8	15	2	47	0.1
Bald/Not maintained/cause damage tyre-Left front wheel	1	4	4	13	10	3	1	36	0.1
Other offence types	5	30	36	106	115	93	26	411	0.7
Total issued	635	3,662	5,500	15,489	16,453	13,929	3,834	59,502	100.0
Source: Department of Transport

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.8 (XLS 12KB)

Table 3.9 Top 10 penalty point endorsement notices issued for males by county, 2020
Number
County	Total no. of penalty point endorsement notices issued	Speeding	Driving a vehicle while holding a mobile phone	Driving without reasonable consideration	Fail to obey traffic lights	Use vehicle without NCT certificate	Learner driver unaccompanied by a qualified driver	Adult failing to wear safety belt cat. M1 vehicle	Adult failing to wear safety belt cat. N1 vehicle	Non-display of L Plate (learner driver)	Cross continuous white line/broken white line
Carlow	1,804	1,118	399	36	14	27	42	38	16	22	10
Cavan	2,204	1,636	246	65	12	44	28	16	12	16	12
Clare	3,131	2,402	356	57	17	54	19	43	17	7	14
Cork	12,737	9,227	1,603	275	216	205	208	232	62	73	61
Donegal	3,056	2,094	387	133	28	63	24	45	38	12	36
Dublin	29,114	21,686	2,485	747	1,244	673	529	241	71	242	58
Galway	7,062	5,179	887	163	104	94	70	112	50	25	43
Kerry	3,296	2,238	519	78	19	50	38	111	35	9	34
Kildare	6,281	4,457	784	225	142	131	92	60	39	57	39
Kilkenny	2,179	1,439	377	62	28	52	31	51	10	11	9
Laois	2,369	1,600	359	68	19	55	63	42	20	14	9
Leitrim	696	513	80	17	4	10	6	21	10	1	2
Limerick	4,513	3,164	558	102	81	92	53	110	64	25	18
Longford	1,256	819	155	50	15	25	33	16	8	17	5
Louth	2,874	2,006	423	74	74	58	43	27	19	23	5
Mayo	3,430	2,484	563	73	22	23	27	43	15	14	25
Meath	5,805	4,303	792	116	87	83	52	54	46	28	40
Monaghan	1,301	898	158	35	9	19	14	18	11	11	23
Offaly	2,332	1,679	256	61	25	54	28	48	38	25	17
Roscommon	1,795	1,299	208	50	6	32	27	26	22	6	14
Sligo	1,179	832	147	21	14	31	15	20	11	3	4
Tipperary	4,301	3,025	580	110	32	83	86	82	29	46	38
Waterford	3,107	2,075	488	114	30	60	75	57	28	29	15
Westmeath	2,477	1,853	264	79	14	45	32	41	17	16	11
Wexford	5,050	3,353	794	102	28	103	159	115	73	36	22
Wicklow	5,064	3,955	413	106	80	103	64	55	54	32	31
Total	118,413	85,334	14,281	3,019	2,364	2,269	1,858	1,724	815	800	595
Source: Department of Transport

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.9 (XLS 12KB)

Table 3.10 Top 10 penalty point endorsement notices issued for females by county, 2020
Number
County	Total no. of penalty point endorsement notices issued	Speeding	Driving a vehicle while holding a mobile phone	Learner driver unaccompanied by a qualified driver	Use vehicle without NCT certificate	Driving without reasonable consideration	Fail to obey traffic lights	Non-Display of L Plate (Learner Driver)	Adult failing to wear safety belt cat. M1 vehicle	No insurance - (user)	Driver Fail Restrain Child O/3 in Child Restraint
Carlow	905	634	167	26	13	17	6	12	10	2	3
Cavan	1,149	963	69	18	28	19	1	9	2	7	1
Clare	1,704	1,355	186	14	21	30	11	7	16	6	8
Cork	6,303	5,068	559	121	93	101	90	32	60	11	33
Donegal	1,477	1,207	126	11	22	43	6	5	11	7	5
Dublin	13,858	11,207	833	322	332	202	424	109	44	56	31
Galway	4,469	3,793	349	27	41	64	49	15	23	14	19
Kerry	1,653	1,268	210	20	28	19	13	9	25	3	8
Kildare	2,985	2,354	275	77	56	59	53	30	17	10	5
Kilkenny	1,039	750	132	32	21	27	14	12	10	2	4
Laois	1,119	867	99	28	40	24	1	18	10	4	3
Leitrim	343	285	26	3	3	10	2	0	4	2	0
Limerick	2,243	1,719	225	31	55	33	21	20	43	9	22
Longford	540	402	35	30	11	15	4	10	5	6	5
Louth	1,164	900	107	32	19	25	33	9	8	9	0
Mayo	1,724	1,433	174	16	17	16	11	8	5	3	4
Meath	2,953	2,493	231	31	41	45	30	10	11	3	1
Monaghan	678	577	53	1	10	9	5	6	1	2	2
Offaly	1,126	927	71	16	26	16	11	12	15	2	4
Roscommon	911	771	55	11	11	13	7	11	4	8	1
Sligo	537	429	49	6	8	13	4	0	3	0	3
Tipperary	2,268	1,824	222	32	36	40	8	17	18	11	5
Waterford	1,484	1,046	209	39	39	43	15	16	23	5	1
Westmeath	1,361	1,164	71	31	15	34	2	9	4	6	2
Wexford	2,407	1,769	285	125	47	30	13	25	36	8	11
Wicklow	3,102	2,659	166	45	64	33	46	21	21	7	1
Total	59,502	47,864	4,984	1,145	1,097	980	880	432	429	203	182
Source: Department of Transport

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.10 (XLS 18KB)

Table 3.11 Number of drivers by number of penalty points applied in 2020
	Number of Drivers
	1 P.P	2 P.P	3 P.P	4 P.P	5 P.P	6 P.P	7 P.P¹	8 P.P	9 P.P	10 P.P	11 P.P	12 P.P²	Total
Carlow	3	130	2,122	21	106	147	5	4	12	1	2	0	2,553
Cavan	13	172	2,603	11	160	184	1	9	11	1	0	2	3,167
Clare	18	158	3,918	8	169	260	3	6	21	3	0	1	4,565
Cork	61	775	15,486	69	744	920	16	40	54	9	3	7	18,184
Donegal	34	242	3,628	15	268	198	5	12	9	1	1	1	4,414
Dublin	468	1,917	33,898	223	1,504	2,325	34	78	149	19	7	14	40,636
Galway	59	356	9,355	46	440	617	8	20	38	7	2	5	10,953
Kerry	16	185	4,063	34	265	231	4	10	9	4	2	2	4,825
Kildare	47	481	7,333	36	265	503	3	14	29	5	1	3	8,720
Kilkenny	9	188	2,606	10	98	146	1	6	5	2	0	1	3,072
Laois	9	193	2,660	31	134	212	1	11	14	3	1	1	3,270
Leitrim	4	44	828	5	49	57	0	1	2	1	0	0	991
Limerick	38	276	5,387	30	464	336	5	15	19	6	3	2	6,581
Longford	5	139	1,312	26	123	80	8	5	5	3	1	1	1,708
Louth	20	174	3,189	18	181	208	3	13	20	2	2	2	3,832
Mayo	7	195	4,225	11	140	257	5	9	14	1	1	1	4,866
Meath	59	279	7,094	23	208	515	1	11	30	3	0	2	8,225
Monaghan	24	79	1,612	14	90	73	0	7	9	3	1	1	1,913
Offaly	7	133	2,732	20	131	204	0	7	13	0	0	2	3,249
Roscommon	6	142	2,135	12	110	140	2	8	9	1	0	1	2,566
Sligo	21	86	1,367	7	64	77	1	4	6	3	0	0	1,636
Tipperary	22	304	5,174	34	278	352	3	14	22	5	2	2	6,212
Waterford	19	292	3,542	34	181	238	3	11	14	5	0	1	4,340
Westmeath	17	170	3,008	21	160	219	5	10	5	5	0	1	3,621
Wexford	32	409	5,672	70	270	426	8	21	25	10	2	3	6,948
Wicklow	30	266	6,563	26	203	471	2	16	31	4	1	4	7,617
Foreign licence holder³	100	579	13,882	12	227	653	1	16	66	0	3	12	15,551
Unknown⁴	0	0	1	10	254	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	265
Total	1,148	8,364	155,395	877	7,286	10,049	128	378	641	107	35	72	184,480
Source: Department of Transport
¹ Receipt of 7 points results in disqualification for six months for certain Novice and Learner Permit Drivers issued a licence since 01 August 2014.
² Receipt of 12 points results in disqualification for six months.
³ Drivers who produce a valid foreign licence and have an Irish address.
⁴ Unknown refers to non-resident drivers who pay on the spot penalty fines.

Open in Excel: Transport Omnibus 2020 Table 3.11 (XLS 13KB)

Table 3.12 Number of drivers by cumulative number of penalty points and county at 31st December 2020
	Number of Drivers
	1 P.P	2 P.P	3 P.P	4 P.P	5 P.P	6 P.P	7 P.P¹	8 P.P	9 P.P	10 P.P	11 P.P	12 P.P²	Total
Carlow	31	490	4,652	101	391	767	27	67	110	13	15	20	6,684
Cavan	33	640	5,692	101	575	903	27	79	133	20	19	10	8,232
Clare	56	844	9,920	129	748	1,747	34	143	291	23	35	24	13,994
Cork	332	3,439	36,781	751	3,451	5,550	147	429	792	120	105	78	51,975
Donegal	70	1,003	8,539	124	1,018	1,033	32	83	142	21	24	14	12,103
Dublin	1,966	9,282	72,855	2,108	9,146	11,165	402	946	1,740	362	214	199	110,385
Galway	137	1,477	20,098	336	1,870	3,243	70	180	479	53	53	61	28,057
Kerry	49	875	10,595	200	1,088	1,544	32	99	222	35	34	22	14,795
Kildare	157	1,940	16,570	351	1,549	2,638	53	206	414	64	42	49	24,033
Kilkenny	42	766	6,580	137	537	1,049	24	86	136	19	24	11	9,411
Laois	35	710	6,274	159	681	1,101	27	102	209	29	23	14	9,364
Leitrim	8	210	2,121	28	153	298	1	27	44	5	6	5	2,906
Limerick	119	1,367	14,754	297	1,884	2,688	59	212	378	67	53	29	21,907
Longford	19	456	3,153	95	497	543	19	57	71	20	13	14	4,957
Louth	82	882	6,898	162	891	960	27	79	123	21	18	16	10,159
Mayo	28	682	10,241	97	539	1,627	19	84	222	19	23	9	13,590
Meath	180	1,305	14,780	243	1,262	2,287	54	128	326	41	26	28	20,660
Monaghan	79	470	4,314	88	436	582	12	44	74	14	10	8	6,131
Offaly	21	595	5,934	123	672	1,004	24	72	157	18	14	9	8,643
Roscommon	24	487	4,766	76	407	761	13	66	103	10	10	13	6,736
Sligo	44	391	4,086	73	294	552	15	51	107	10	14	2	5,639
Tipperary	68	1,301	11,453	233	1,129	1,776	44	147	271	50	38	27	16,537
Waterford	56	1,086	8,450	179	800	1,469	47	118	254	30	25	27	12,541
Westmeath	39	674	6,380	113	712	968	34	101	123	29	20	18	9,211
Wexford	139	1,354	12,819	304	1,194	2,417	71	233	427	54	76	55	19,143
Wicklow	114	1,149	12,413	228	829	2,226	56	143	377	46	35	42	17,658
Foreign licence holder³	363	2,160	42,054	75	962	2,707	36	150	402	11	30	58	49,008
Unknown⁴	0	3	16	33	736	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	790
Total	4,291	36,038	363,188	6,944	34,451	53,607	1,406	4,132	8,127	1,204	999	862	515,249
Source: Department of Transport
¹ Receipt of 7 points results in disqualification for six months for certain Novice and Learner Permit Drivers issued a licence since 01 August 2014.
² Receipt of 12 points results in disqualification for six months.
³ Drivers who produce a valid foreign licence and have an Irish address.
⁴ Unknown refers to non-resident drivers who pay on the spot penalty fines.