Consumer Price Index April 2023

Soundbyte

This is an audio file with a 38-second quote from CSO statistician with the Prices Division, Anthony Dawson, about the April 2023 Consumer Price Index release.
Media outlets have permission to use the clip as long as they credit the CSO.

Headline Table and Graph

Figure 1 shows the development of the CPI and HICP over recent months. It also shows the recent divergence of the CPI and HICP. This divergence is due to some items having different weights in the respective indices.

Annual and Monthly Price Changes

Prices on average, as measured by the CPI, were 7.2% higher in April 2023 compared with April 2022.

The most notable changes in the year were increases in Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels (+20.7%), Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (+13.1%), Restaurants & Hotels (+8.1%) and Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco (+6.1%). There were decreases in Education (-6.3%) and Transport (-2.3%).

Consumer Prices in April, as measured by the CPI, increased by 0.5% in the month. During April of last year, prices rose by 0.9% in the month. The most significant monthly price changes were increases in Communications (+2.3%) and Recreation & Culture (+1.1%). There were decreases in Transport (-0.8%) and Health (-0.1%).

Contributions to the Overall CPI

Annual Change

Table 3 shows the contribution of each 2-digit COICOP¹ division to the overall change in the CPI. A detailed breakdown of the individual components of each of the 12 COICOP divisions is presented in Tables 4 to 15.

The divisions which caused the largest upward contribution to the CPI in the year were Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels (+3.53%), Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (+1.43%), Restaurants & Hotels (+1.26%) and Recreation & Culture (+0.40%).

The only divisions to cause a downward contribution to the CPI in the year were Transport (-0.32%) and Education (-0.10%).

The main factors contributing to the annual change were as follows:

• Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels rose mainly due to an increase in the cost of electricity, gas, solid fuels, mortgage interest repayments and higher rents. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in prices for liquid fuels (home heating oil).
• Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages increased due to higher prices across a range of products such as meat, bread & cereals, milk, cheese & eggs and vegetables.
• Restaurants & Hotels rose primarily due to higher prices for alcoholic drinks and food consumed in licensed premises, restaurants, cafes etc. and an increase in the cost of hotel accommodation.
• Recreation & Culture increased mainly due to higher prices for package holidays, participation in recreational & sporting services and products for pets.
• Transport fell primarily due to lower prices for diesel, petrol, passenger transport by bus & coach and services in respect of personal transport equipment. This decrease was partially offset by higher prices for motor cars.
• Education decreased mainly due to a reduction in costs associated with participating in third level education.

¹_{Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose Adapted to the Needs of Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (2000).} 

Monthly Change

The divisions which caused the largest upward contribution to the CPI in the month were Restaurants & Hotels (+0.16%) and Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels (+0.12%). The only division to cause a downward contribution to the CPI in the month was Transport (-0.12%).

The main factors contributing to the monthly change were as follows:

• Restaurants & Hotels increased primarily due to higher prices for alcoholic drinks and food consumed in licensed premises, restaurants, cafes etc. and an increase in the cost of hotel accommodation.
• Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels rose mainly due to an increase in the cost of mortgage interest repayments. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in prices for liquid fuels (home heating oil).
• Transport decreased due to lower prices for airfares and diesel. This decrease was partially offset by higher prices for motor cars.

CPI sub-indices

Tables 4 to 15 detail all COICOP¹ sub-indices of the CPI.

Table 2 and table 17 detail selected consumer price index sub-indices. The sub index for Services rose by 9.2% in the year to April, while Goods increased by 4.6%. Services, excluding mortgage interest repayments, increased by 7.6% in the year since April 2022.

The CPI excluding tobacco increased by 0.5% in the month of April and rose by 7.3% in the year. The CPI excluding mortgage interest rose by 0.3% in the month and increased by 6.2% in the year.

¹_{Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose Adapted to the Needs of Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (2000).}

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices

Prices on average, as measured by the EU Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), increased by 6.3% compared with April 2022.

Table 19 details the COICOP sub-indices for the HICP. The most notable changes in the year were increases in Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels (+17.1%), Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (+13.0%), Restaurants & Hotels (+8.1%) and Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco (+6.1%). There were decreases in Education (-6.3%), Transport (-2.0%) and Health (-0.5%).

The HICP increased by 0.3% in the month. This compares to an increase of 0.9% recorded in April of last year.

The most significant monthly price changes were increases in Communications (+2.4%) and Restaurants & Hotels (+1.0%). There were decreases in Health (-1.9%) and Transport (-0.9%).

National Average Price

National Average Prices for selected goods and services for April 2023 are detailed in Table 20.

Looking at the National Average Prices of some staple items:

• The national average price for bread (large (800g) white sliced pan) was up 23 cents in the year to April 2023, while the same size brown sliced pan was up 18 cents in the year.
• Spaghetti per 500g increased by 27 cents in the year while the average price for 2.5kg of potatoes was up 11 cent.
• Full fat milk per 2 litres increased by 44 cents in the year while the average price of Irish cheddar per kg rose by €1.42 and butter per lb rose by 66 cents.
• The national average price of a take-home 50cl can of lager at €2.30 was up 14 cents on average from April 2022 while a take-home 50cl can of cider at €2.54 was up 18 cents.
• In April 2023, the national average price of a pint of stout in licensed premises was €5.50, up 38 cents in the year, while a pint of lager was €5.97, up 47 cents compared with April 2022.