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Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland Series 13

There were 107,406 arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland by 02 June 2024

CSO statistical publication, , 11am
A CSO Frontier Series Output

This publication is categorised as a CSO Frontier Series Output. Particular care must be taken when interpreting the statistics in this release as it may use new methods which are under development and/or data sources which may be incomplete, for example, new administrative data sources. 

Key Findings

  • There were 107,406 Personal Public Service Numbers (PPSNs) given to arrivals from Ukraine between 04 March 2022 and 02 June 2024, under the Temporary Protection Directive. Just over 100 people had arrived in the previous seven days.

  • Of these arrivals from Ukraine who were given a PPSN, 76% had activity in administrative data after 31 March 2024, based on data currently available to the Central Statistics Office (CSO).

  • Women and men, aged 20 and over, made up 46% and 23% respectively of arrivals to date, while 30% were people aged under 20. Of all arrivals to date aged 18 and over, 62% of males and 48% of females were married or cohabiting.

  • There were 17,808 arrivals enrolled in further education and training courses on 01 June 2024, of which 15,283 were enrolled in further education English language courses.

  • As of 02 June 2024, 44,214 arrivals had attended an employment support event arranged by Intreo Public Employment Services. Of those, 58% (or 25,532 persons) noted that English language proficiency was a challenge in securing employment.

  • Of the 44,214 arrivals that attended an Intreo event, 20,396 had recorded previous occupations, with Professionals being the largest group at 29% (or 5,962 people). Of the 29,646 people where the highest level of education was recorded, 61% had achieved an NFQ level equivalent to 7 or higher.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (24 June 2024) released Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland Series 13.

In the wake of the invasion of Ukraine more than two years ago, the CSO created an Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland series of releases to provide insights into Ireland’s response to the Ukrainian crisis. This release, the thirteenth in the series, includes an analysis of Ukrainian arrivals who are availing of support and services from the Department of Social Protection (DSP); as well as providing insights into primary and secondary school enrolments overseen by the Department of Education; and enrolments in further education and training based on data provided by SOLAS. Also included is an experimental measure of arrivals from Ukraine that were still administratively active after 31 March 2024, incorporating PAYE Modernisation (PMOD), DSP, and SOLAS data. Furthermore, information on barriers to work, previous and current employment, and education level is included in the release.

Commenting on the release, Laura Carter, Statistician, said: "There are two maps in this release based on mapping 102,879 individuals, or 96% of arrivals, to a location within Ireland. These maps are based on the local post office address as per the process through which arrivals were seeking assistance from the Department of Social Protection or, if available, the arrivals' residential address where an Accommodation Recognition Payment is payable to the host of the residence. The first map is a count of arrivals by Local Electoral Area (LEA), and the second is the rate of arrivals by LEA (per 100 of the Census 2022 de facto population). Kenmare in Co. Kerry had the highest number of associated arrivals from Ukraine at 2,844.

Our analysis also shows that the rate per 100 of the population ranges across all LEAs in the country from 0.28% to 12.38%. The LEA with the highest rate was Ennistimon in Co. Clare."

Editor's Note

The CSO provides statistics related to the Ukrainian crisis to an inter-Departmental group called the Humanitarian Senior Officials Group. The statistics include a weekly Department of Social Protection (DSP) extract which the CSO receives every Monday. Some of the aggregate data provided to the Group this week features in the release issued today (24 June 2024). This release is also a follow-up to Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland Series 12.

As well as the strict legal protections set out in the Statistics Act, 1993, and other existing regulations, the CSO is committed to protecting individual privacy and all identifiable information from each of the data sources used in our analysis, such as name, date of birth and addresses, are removed before use and only anonymised statistical aggregates are produced. Further information on the data sources, linking procedures and definitions of this report, are available in the Background Notes.

The Temporary Protection Directive (2001/55 EC) was activated on the 04 March 2022 by EU Council Decision EU 2022/382, to provide immediate protection in EU countries for people displaced by the Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on 24 February 2022. This publication examines and analyses the population cohort that availed of the temporary protection and received a PPSN. Therefore, the figures quoted should be interpreted as estimates of the numbers arriving from Ukraine. For example, the number of persons who have arrived from Ukraine may not have received a PPSN yet, while the figures may also include those who received a PPSN earlier in the crisis but who are no longer resident in the State.

To avail of the Temporary Protection Directive and to reside in Ireland, an Arrival from Ukraine must meet the following criteria:

a) A Ukrainian national who was residing in Ukraine before 24 February 2022.

b) A national of a third country (other than Ukraine) or stateless person who would have benefited from international protection (for example: Refugee Status) or an equivalent national protection status in Ukraine and were residing there before 24 February 2022.

c) A family member* of persons covered by a) and b) above, where the family already existed in Ukraine at the time of events leading to the mass influx prior to 24 February 2022.

*Family members include a spouse or partner, unmarried minor children of either of them, and their other close dependent family relatives who have been living with them as part of the family unit.

Temporary protection also applies to people who were residing in Ukraine before 24 February 2022 with a permanent Ukrainian residence permit, who cannot safely return to their country of origin.

In experimental Tables 3 & 4 below an indication is included on whether arrivals from Ukraine may have stayed or left Ireland, by examining activity in administrative data. In earlier releases of this series a criterion of picking up a welfare payment from a post office was included as an indication of administrative activity. Since Series 10, this criterion has been updated to an individual having a welfare payment date, and so enhancing the measure of activity in administrative data.

Tables and Maps

Figure 1 shows the total cumulative number of arrivals (based on PPSN allocations) from Ukraine to Ireland on the 02 June 2024 was 107,406. This is a 1% increase compared to four weeks earlier (05 May 2024). 

Figure 1: PPSN allocations (cumulative) to arrivals from Ukraine

* Note that PPSN allocations are to the 2nd June 2024. Due to statistical disclosure controls in place, a breakdown of nationality is not available for a number of dates in the first half of 2024.

Table 1: PPSN allocations (cumulative) to arrivals from Ukraine, as of 02 June 2024

Based on the 107,406 arrivals, 96% or 102,879 individuals could be mapped to an LEA. The LEA mapping of arrivals is based on either the local post office address through which refugees were seeking assistance from the Department of Social Protection or, if available, the arrivals' residential address where an Accommodation Recognition Payment (ARP) is payable to the host of the residence. The post office address is used as a tentative proxy for place of residence where ARP data is not present. The 102,879 mapped records for the 02 June 2024 are shown on Map 1. Users can hover their mouse over the map to see the name of the LEA and the number of arrivals from Ukraine in the LEA. Zooming in on the map will show data for the smaller sized LEAs. 

Map 1: Number of arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland based on PPSN allocations, as of 02 June 2024

Table 2 shows the age and sex breakdown of arrivals as of 02 June 2024. We see that women and men, aged 20 and over, account for 46% and 23% respectively of this cohort to date, while individuals aged 0-19 (both male and female) account for 30%. 

Table 2: Number of arrivals (cumulative) from Ukraine based on PPSN allocations by sex and age, as of 02 June 2024

Again using the same approach as described for Map 1 above, Map 2 shows the arrival rate (%) by LEA (per 100 of the Census 2022 de facto population) as of 02 June 2024. The rate ranges from 0.28% to 12.38% in LEAs across the country.

Map 2: Arrivals from Ukraine (based on PPSN allocations) as a percentage of the Census 2022 de facto population, as of 02 June 2024

 * De facto population from the 2022 Census. 

While PPSN allocations give the total number of arrivals from Ukraine under the Temporary Protection Directive, it is not necessarily indicative of how many persons are currently residing in Ireland as some arrivals may have subsequently left. 

Experimental Tables 3 & 4 below give an indication on whether arrivals from Ukraine have stayed or left Ireland by examining activity in administrative data. Attending an Intreo event, having a welfare payment date, starting a SOLAS course, getting paid for employment, having an active employment or changing ones address with DSP are taken as signs of activity. For children, the activity status is dependent on that of their parent(s)/guardian(s). 

Subject to revision, 1,343 persons had such an activity in the available data during April 2024, while an additional 79,886 persons had activity in the selected administrative data sources after 30 April 2024. Combing these two groups together, 76% of persons had recent administrative data activity, i.e., activity after the 31 March 2024, also see Background Notes.

The rate of administrative activity after 31 March 2024 could be underestimated as it is based on the administrative data currently available to the CSO. The availability of more real-time data to the CSO will help provide more up to date statistics in this series going forward.

For further information on the data sources, linking procedures and definitions of this report, see Background Notes.

Table 3: Last activity by PPSN allocation for individuals aged 18 and over and children under 18

Table 4: Last administrative activity by age group and sex

As of 02 June 2024, 26,094 arrivals from Ukraine were living in private accommodations, where 11,409 hosts were in receipt of Accommodation Recognition Payment (ARP) for accommodating people from Ukraine. Additional information on hosts and arrivals, such as age bands and sex, can be found in Table 5.

Table 5: Number of hosts currently in receipt of Accommodation Recognition Payment and arrivals from Ukraine living in accommodation provided by these hosts

The figures for ARP may also include accommodation obtained via the 'Offer a Home' scheme, Irish Red Cross (IRC) pledges and privately arranged accommodation. ARP is available to any host that applies. As of 06 June 2024, 19,275 arrivals from Ukraine were living in local authorities/IRC/DCEDIY pledged accommodation of which 7,979 were living in accommodation under the 'Offer a Home' scheme.

Table 6 focuses on active welfare claims broken down by 'Working Age Income Supports', 'Child Benefits' and 'Other'. Please note that data is preliminary and subject to change as additional data becomes available, particularly for the most recent week reported.

Table 6: Active welfare claims by week ending to arrivals from Ukraine, 2022-2024

Table 7 shows that for the 21,020 persons with earnings from employment, the mean weekly earnings in May 2024 were €490 (based on CSO methodology - see Background Notes). The most common sector of employment was Wholesale, Transport and Accommodation at 46%. 

(NOTE: for official statistics on earnings data please see the Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey (EHECS) and Earnings Analysis using Administrative Data Sources 2022 (EAADS).

Table 8 shows changes in employments, where a person can have more than one employment.

Table 7: Number of arrivals from Ukraine with earnings from employment, by month, as of 02 June 2024

Table 8: Employments with earnings of arrivals from Ukraine, by month, as of 02 June 2024 by NACE sector

Since 11 April 2022, Intreo Public Employment Services (of the DSP) have been arranging employment support events for arrivals from Ukraine and, as of 02 June 2024, those events have been attended by 44,214 arrivals.

The previous occupation of those arrivals from Ukraine are shown in Table 9. â€˜Professionals’ were the largest broad group among the classification listed of the 20,396 persons having recorded work history, with 29% (or 5,962 persons).

Of the persons that attended Intreo events, 58% were noted with English language proficiency being a challenge in securing employment, see Table 10.

Of the 29,646 persons where the highest level of education was recorded, 61% had achieved an NFQ level equivalent to 7 or higher, see Table 11.

Table 9: Previous occupation of arrivals from Ukraine attending Intreo events, as of 02 June 2024

Table 10: Arrivals from Ukraine attending Intreo events with assessed barriers to employment, as of 02 June 2024

Table 11: Highest education level of arrivals from Ukraine attending Intreo events, as of 02 June 2024

The marital status of arrivals from Ukraine is shown in Table 12. Of all arrivals to date aged 18 and over, 62% of males and 48% of females were married or cohabiting. Note the martial status data was originally sourced from the Department of Social Protection but for data since the 19 March 2023 it incorporates Temporary Protection Directive data from the Department of Justice.

Table 12: Marital status of arrivals from Ukraine (cumulative) aged 18 and over to date, as of 02 June 2024

Table 13 shows that during May 2024, 1,048 children were in in the National Childcare Scheme (NCS) and 1,112 children were in the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Scheme, while 286 children were in both the NCS and ECCE. 

Table 13: Children from Ukraine in the National Childcare Scheme (NCS) and Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Scheme by county, during May 2024

Table 14 shows that as of as of 04 June 2024 for primary and 23 May 2024 for post primary (end of school year), 18,133 arrivals from Ukraine have enrolled in schools in the academic year 2023/24, with 62% of these in primary schools and the remaining 38% in secondary schools. Cork has the highest number of children enrolled in primary schools at 1,168, while Dublin has the highest number of children enrolled in secondary schools at 754. Monaghan has the lowest number of children enrolled in both primary and secondary schools. 

Table 15a focuses on primary school enrolments by classes while Table 15b provides a breakdown on secondary school enrolments by year within the junior and senior cycles.

In this release, of the 18,133 arrivals from Ukraine that enrolled in schools, 1,773 had their PPSN registered on or after the 08 August 2023 and were successfully linked to Department of Social Protection administrative data using a pseudonymised Protected Identifier Key (PIK). For further information on the data sources, linking procedures and definitions of this report, see Background Notes. Table 16 shows that average time between the allocation of a PPSN on or after the 08 August 2023 to enrolment in primary or secondary school was just under five weeks. 

Table 17 shows a breakdown of the school enrolments by age as of 04 June 2024 for primary and 23 May 2024 for post primary education. 

Table 14: Enrolments in primary and secondary education of arrivals from Ukraine by county, for the academic year 2023/2024

Table 15a: Enrolments in primary education by class, as of 04 June 2024

Table 15b: Enrolments in secondary education by year, as of 23 May 2024

Table 16: Mean number of weeks between PPSN registration and school enrolment by week of PPSN registration, academic year 2023/24

Table 17: Breakdown of enrolments in primary and secondary education by age, academic year 2023/24

Table 18 shows that there were 17,808 arrivals enrolled in further education and training courses on the 01 June 2024, of which 15,283 enrolled in further education English language courses.

Table 18: Arrivals from Ukraine currently enrolled in further education and training courses, as of 01 June 2024

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