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Appendices

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Society

Population distribution (1.1)

The total population of the country may comprise either all of the usual residents of the country (de jure) or all persons present in the country on a particular date (de facto). Data on the population of Ireland in Table 1.1 are on a de jure basis. The difference between the two concepts in 2011 and 2016, (the years in which a Census of Population was conducted), was very small. 

Migration (1.3 to 1.4)

Emigration refers to persons resident in Ireland leaving to live abroad for over one year.

Immigration refers to persons coming to Ireland from another country for the purposes of taking up residence for over one year.

Net migration is the net effect of emigration and immigration on a country’s population in a given time period, i.e., the number of immigrants less emigrants.

The natural increase is calculated by subtracting deaths from births within a population in a given time period. The figures for births include babies born in Ireland to non-residents and immigrants.

Country of origin refers to a person’s previous country of residence.

Rest of EU 15 refers to those EU member states before enlargement on 1 May 2004 (excluding Ireland and the United Kingdom); namely Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Portugal.

EU13 is defined as the ten accession countries who joined the EU on 1 May 2004 (Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia), along with Bulgaria and Romania who joined on 1 January 2007 and Croatia who joined on 1 July 2013.

Age of population (1.5)

The young age dependency ratio is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the population aged between 0 and 14 years by the number of persons aged between 15 and 64 years. The old age dependency ratio is calculated by dividing the number of persons aged 65 and over by the number of persons aged 15-64.

The total age dependency ratio is the sum of persons aged 0-14 and 65 and over divided by the number of persons aged 15-64.

Fertility (1.6 to 1.7)

The total fertility rate refers to the total period fertility rate (TPFR), which is derived from the age specific fertility rates in the current year. It represents the projected number of children a woman would have if she experienced current age specific fertility rates while progressing from age 15-49 years. A value of 2.1 is generally considered to be the replacement rate for developed countries, i.e., the rate at which the population in a developed country would replace itself in the long run, ignoring migration.

The proportion of live births outside of marriage refers to the number of live births where the mother's marital status at the time of birth is other than married as a percentage of total live births.

Divorce rate (1.8)

The divorce rate is the number of divorces in a given year per 1,000 population.

Risk of poverty (1.9 to 1.12)

The at risk of poverty rate indicator is defined as the share of persons with an equivalised disposable income below the at risk of poverty threshold, which is set at 60% of the national median equivalised disposable income (after social transfers). This share is calculated for the original income before pensions and social transfers and the original income after pensions and social transfers (total income). This indicator focuses on the relative risk of poverty in relation to the rest of the population in a country rather than the absolute risk of poverty. Hence a person classified as in poverty in one country would not necessarily be classified as in poverty in another country if they were at the same absolute income level.

The data in Table 1.9 is obtained from the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). EU-SILC is carried out under EU legislation and commenced in Ireland in June 2003. The primary focus of the survey is the collection of information on the income and living conditions of different types of households. The survey also provides information on poverty, deprivation and social exclusion.

For Table 1.9, the EU definition of income is used. The key differences between the national and EU definitions of income are:

  • The EU definition of gross income does not include non-cash employee income except for company car benefit-in-kind, nor does it include employer’s social insurance contributions such as PRSI and employer pension contributions. 
  • All contributions to pension plans, except for those to private pension plans, are deducted from gross income when calculating disposable income under the EU definition. All contributions to pension plans, including for those to private pension plans, are deducted from gross income when calculating disposable income under the national definition.

For EU at risk of poverty rates, the equivalised disposable income for each person is calculated as the household total net income divided by the equivalised household size according to the modified OECD scale (which gives a weight of 1.0 to the first adult, 0.5 to other persons aged 14 or over who are living in the household and 0.3 to each child aged less than 14).

In Tables 1.10 to 1.12 the national equivalence scale and definition of income are used to calculate at risk of poverty rates. The national equivalence scale used to obtain the equivalised household size attributes a weight of 1 to the first adult in a household, 0.66 to each subsequent adult (aged 14+ living in the household) and 0.33 to each child aged less than 14. The purpose of an equivalence scale is to account for the size and composition of different income units (households) and therefore allows for a more accurate comparison between households. However, numerous scales have been developed, and there is no real consensus as regards the most appropriate scale to use. For EU purposes, the modified OECD scale has been accepted to allow comparison across countries. At a national level, the alternative national scale has been used in the past in the calculation of relative poverty and consistent poverty rates, and thus, is used for retrospective comparison nationally.

For all tables the population consists of all the persons living in private households in a country. The term person therefore includes all the members of the households, whether they are adults or children.

In the EU-SILC, income details and household composition are collected for all households. Where income is missing, it is imputed based on industry and occupation.

Consistent poverty (1.10 to 1.12)

The consistent poverty measure considers those persons who are defined as being at risk of poverty (using the national income definition and equivalence scale) and assesses the extent to which this group may be excluded and marginalised from participating in activities which are considered the norm for other people in society. The identification of the marginalised or deprived is achieved on the basis of a set of eleven basic deprivation indicators:

  1. Two pairs of strong shoes
  2. A warm waterproof overcoat
  3. Buy new (not second-hand) clothes
  4. Eat meal with meat, chicken, fish (or vegetarian equivalent) every second day
  5. Have a roast joint or its equivalent once a week
  6. Had to go without heating during the last year through lack of money
  7. Keep the home adequately warm
  8. Buy presents for family or friends at least once a year
  9. Replace any worn out furniture
  10. Have family or friends for a drink or meal once a month
  11. Have a morning, afternoon or evening out in the last fortnight for entertainment

An individual is defined as being in consistent poverty if they are:

  • Identified as being at risk of poverty; and
  • Living in a household which experienced at least two or more of the eleven items listed above.

Note that it is enforced deprivation that is relevant in this context. For example, a household may not have a roast dinner once a week. The household is classified as deprived of this basic indicator only if the reason they didn’t have the basic indicator was because they could not afford it.

Median weekly earnings (1.13)

Total annual earnings

Total annual earnings represent the total gross annual amount (before deduction of tax, PRSI and superannuation) payable by the enterprise to its employees. This information is obtained from the Revenue Commissioner’s P35L dataset. It includes bonuses and benefit in kind (BIK). It excludes pension payments and severance payments.  In the small number of cases where an employee has been made redundant in the course of the year the employee’s income excludes statutory redundancy payments but includes non-statutory redundancy payments.

Weekly earnings

Weekly earnings are calculated by dividing the gross annual earnings by the number of weeks worked as declared on the P35L file. 

Gender pay gap (1.14)

The unadjusted gender pay gap is published by Eurostat and represents the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees. From reference year 2006 onwards, the gender pay gap is based on the methodology of the EU Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) which is carried out with a four-yearly periodicity. In Ireland the SES is known as the National Employment Survey (NES). The most recent available reference years for the SES are 2014 and 2018 and Eurostat computed the gender pay gap for this year on this basis. For the intermediate years (2015-2017) countries provide to Eurostat gender pay gap estimates benchmarked on the SES results. For subsequent years countries provide to Eurostat gender pay gap estimates benchmarked on the SES results. The target population consists of all paid employees in enterprises with 10 employees or more in NACE rev.2 aggregate B to S (excluding O). This covers all economic sectors with the exception of Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Public administration and defence, Activities of households as employers and Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies.

Official development assistance (1.15)

Official development assistance, or foreign aid, consists of grants, loans, technical assistance and other forms of co-operation extended by governments to developing countries. The OECD maintains a list of over 150 countries or territories with per capita incomes below USD 12,276 in 2010; only aid to these countries counts as ODA. A significant proportion of official development assistance is aimed at promoting sustainable development in poorer countries, particularly through natural resource conservation, environmental protection and population programmes.

The United Nations Millennium Development goals set a target for net ODA as 0.7% of donor countries Gross National Income to be reached by 2007.

Household internet access (1.16)

Household internet access refers to the possibility for anyone in a household to access the internet from home. All forms of internet use are included. The population considered is aged 16 to 74.  Households covered are private households with at least one member in the age group 16 to 74 years. Data was collected by Eurostat.

Economy

National Income (2.1 to 2.4)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the central aggregate of National Accounts. GDP represents the total value added (output) in the production of goods and services in the country. GDP at market prices is the final result of the production activity of resident producer units. GDP is compiled both in constant prices and in current prices. Constant price data indicate the development of volumes, while current price data reflect volume and price movements.  

GDP expressed at market prices equals gross value added at factor cost plus national taxes on production less national subsidies on production.

GDP less net primary incomes from abroad less EU taxes plus EU subsidies is equal to Gross National Income (GNI).

Gross National Product (GNP) is the sum of GDP and Net Factor Income (NFI). NFI from the rest of the world is the difference between investment income (interest, profits, etc.) and labour income earned abroad by Irish resident persons and companies (inflows) and similar incomes earned in Ireland by non-residents (outflows). Because NFI is the difference between two large gross flows, its magnitude can fluctuate greatly from one quarter to another. This can lead to significant differences between the GDP and GNP growth rate for the same quarter.

Gross National Income (GNI) is equal to Gross National Product (GNP) plus EU subsidies less EU taxes.

Net National Income (NNI) is equal to GNI less provision for depreciation.

The National Accounts for 2015 released by the CSO in July 2016 reported an increase in GDP of 26.3%. The scale of this increase is unprecedented in OECD economies historically. The National Accounts results accurately captured and highlighted the open and globalised nature of the Irish economy. However, due to the highly globalised nature of the Irish economy, GDP and GNP do not always help to understand what is happening in the Irish economy. Notwithstanding the fact that the CSO will continue to comply with international data standards for compiling and reporting GDP and GNP, due to the highly globalised nature of the Irish economy and the continuing challenges that this presents, the CSO convened a high-level cross-sector consultative group, the Economic Statistics Review Group (ESRG), in September 2016. The ESRG examined how best to provide insight and understanding of all aspects of the Irish economy. The report of this group, along with the CSO’s response to the report, have been published on the CSO website.  This expert group made 13 recommendations including the development of a new level indicators, modified Gross National Income, (or GNI*).

Modified Gross National Income (GNI*) is defined in the ESRG recommendations as GNI less the impact of re-domiciled companies and the depreciation attributable to relocated capital assets.  GNI* is designed to be a national indicator that excludes the globalisation effects that disproportionately affect the measurement of the size of the Irish economy.

The results for modified GNI (GNI*) published annually by the CSO focuses on excluding the impact of re-domiciled companies and the depreciation of intellectual property products and of leased aircraft from GNI. The table below shows the GDP and the transition from GNI to modified GNI (or GNI*). 

GDP and transition from GNI to modified GNI (GNI*) in NIE 2020

      € millions
       2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Gross domestic product at current market prices

  270,058 296,925 326,043 356,526 372,869

Net factor income from the rest of the world

  -51,082 -62,251 -74,655 -80,952 -90,235

Gross national income at current market prices

  219,970 235,746 252,521 276,707 283,735

Factor income of redomiciled companies

  -5,780 -4,457 -4,912 -4,862 -4,506

Depreciation on R&D service imports and trade in IP

  -34,549 -40,936 -43,239 -47,615 -61,252

Depreciation on aircraft leasing

  -4,865 -5,227 -6,550 -8,675 -9,799

Modified gross national income at current market prices

  174,776 185,125 197,820 215,555 208,178


National accounts are compiled in the EU according to the European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA) framework. In 2014 the new ESA 2010 framework replaced the ESA 95 version. GDP and GNI are now calculated using ESA2010 by both Eurostat and the CSO.
The growth rate in GDP is the measurement of the volume changes in GDP, i.e., percentage changes in GDP in constant prices.  Thus, the growth rate is not affected by changes in prices. 

Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) are a weighted average of relative price ratios in respect to a homogeneous basket of goods and services, both comparable and representative for each country. They show the ratio of the prices in national currency of the same goods or services in different countries. The application of PPPs eliminates the effects of differences in price levels between countries which allows volume comparisons of GDP components and comparisons of price levels.

Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) are an artificial common reference currency used in the EU to eliminate differences in purchasing power, or price levels, between countries. They are fixed in a way that makes the average purchasing power of one euro in the European Union equal to one PPS. Hence one PPS buys the same average volume of goods and services in all countries. Economic volume aggregates in PPS are obtained by dividing their original value in national currency units by the respective PPPs.

The population of a country consists of all persons, national or foreign, who are permanently settled in the economic territory of the country on a particular date, even if they are temporarily absent from it (see also population domain definitions). GDP per capita is calculated by dividing GDP by the population.

GDP per capita in PPS allows the comparison of levels of economic activity of different sized economies (per capita) irrespective of their price levels (in PPS). It is less suited for comparisons over time.

Eleven countries joined the euro (€) on 1 January 1999: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Greece joined on 1 January 2001, Slovenia on 1 January 2007, Cyprus and Malta on 1 January 2008, Slovakia on 1 January 2009, Estonia on 1 January 2011, Latvia on 1 January 2014 and Lithuania on 1 January 2015 bringing the total number of euro members to 19 countries.

Government debt (2.5)

General government consolidated gross debt at nominal value is the standardised measure of indebtedness of EU governments. The general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, local government, and social security funds. The debt of commercial State companies/public corporations is excluded. It takes account of all liabilities included in the traditional national definition of National Debt, without any offsetting of liquid assets, together with the liabilities of non-commercial State agencies and Local Authorities.

Debt is valued at nominal (face) value, and foreign currency debt is converted into national currency using end-year market exchange rates.

GDP at current market prices is used as the denominator for calculating the General Government Consolidated Debt as a percentage of GDP ratio.

GNI at current market prices is used as the denominator for calculating the General Government Consolidated Debt as a percentage of GNI ratio.

Public balance (2.6)

Public balance (or General Government balance) measures the difference between incomes and outlays of the General Government. It refers to the concept of general government net borrowing (negative balance) or net lending (positive balance) in the European System of Accounts.

General Government total expenditure (2.7)

General Government total expenditure is composed of public sector pay and pensions, social benefits and other transfer payments, expenditure on goods and services, national debt interest and subsidies. It is one of the elements of the public balance. 

Gross fixed capital formation (2.8)

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) is an indicator of investment in assets such as building and construction, and machinery and equipment. Such investment is generally regarded as leading to higher productivity and an improved living infrastructure. GFCF is a component of GDP.

GDP valued at current market prices is used as a denominator.

Current account balance (2.9)

The Balance of Payments accounts consist of three tables or accounts: the Current account; the Capital account; and the Financial account.

The Current account consists of trade in merchandise and services, as well as primary and secondary income account inflows and outflows. For all these transactions, the balance of payments registers the value of credits (exports) and debits (imports). A positive balance – a current account surplus – shows that an economy is earning more from its international exports transactions than it is spending abroad from import transactions with other economies and is therefore a net creditor towards the rest of the world. The main methodological reference used for the production of the balance of payments statistics is the sixth balance of payments manual (BPM6) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

International trade (2.10 and 2.11)

Goods and services incorporate both merchandise exports and imports and services exports and imports.

Merchandise trade refers to Ireland’s external trade in goods with other countries. The data sources for these estimates are a combination of customs-based non-EU trade statistics and the Revenue Commissioners Intrastat survey of Irish traders engaged in trade with other EU Member States.

Services exports and imports include transport, tourism and travel, communications, insurance and financial services, computer services, royalties and licences, and some business and other services.

The valuation of goods and services is based on Balance of Payments principles. In the official external trade statistics, exports and imports are valued at cost, insurance and freight. In Balance of Payments, they are valued free on board.

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (2.12)

The EU Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is calculated in each Member State. HICPs are designed to allow the comparisons of consumer price trends in the different EU countries. The index measures the change in the average level of prices (inclusive of all indirect taxes) paid for consumer goods and services by all private households in a country and by all foreign visitors to that country.

HICPs were designed specifically for EMU convergence. They are calculated according to a harmonised approach and a regulated set of definitions. They were not intended to replace existing national Consumer Price Indices, which are calculated based on national definitions.

Price levels (2.13)

Comparative price levels are the ratio between PPPs and the market exchange rate for each country. If the index of the comparative price levels shown for a country is higher (lower) than 100, the country concerned is relatively expensive (cheap) as compared with the EU average.

See indicator 1.15 above in Appendix 1 for the definition of Private households.

Employment rate (2.14)

The primary classification used for the Labour Force Survey (LFS) results is the ILO (International Labour Organisation) labour force classification.

The ILO classification distinguishes the following main subgroups of the population aged 15 or over:

In Employment: Persons who worked in the week before the survey for one hour or more for payment or profit, including work on the family farm or business and all persons who had a job but were not at work because of illness, holidays etc. in the week. It should be noted that as per Eurostat's operational implementation, the upper age limit for classifying a person as employed is 89 years.

Unemployed: Persons who, in the week before the survey, were without work and available for work within the next two weeks, and had taken specific steps, in the preceding four weeks, to find work. It should be noted that as per Eurostat's operational implementation, the upper age limit for classifying a person as unemployed is 74 years.

The labour force comprises persons employed plus persons unemployed and based on Eurostat's operational implementation is limited to those aged 15-89 years.

The inactive population is all other persons in the population who are not part of the labour force.

The employment rate for the State is defined as the share of persons in the total population aged 15-64 years who are in employment.

Labour productivity (2.15)

GDP in PPS per hour worked is calculated using the total number of hours worked. Measuring labour productivity per hour worked provides a better picture of productivity developments in the economy than labour productivity per person employed, as it eliminates differences in the full-time/part-time composition of the workforce across countries and years. If the index of a country is higher than 100, this country’s level of GDP per hour worked is higher than the EU average and vice versa. Basic figures are expressed in PPS; see section above on tables 2.1 to 2.4 for details of PPS.

For Ireland excluding Foreign Sector, labour productivity is calculated only for the Domestic and Other Sector in order to exclude the effects of foreign multinational corporations. See CSO publication Productivity in Ireland 2019 for more information. 

Unemployment rate (2.16 and 2.17)

The unemployment rate is the number of people (aged 15-74) unemployed as a percentage of the labour force.

The long-term unemployment rate is calculated as the number of persons unemployed for one year or more expressed as a percentage of the total labour force.

Jobless households (2.18)

The indicator "People aged 18 - 59 years living in jobless households" is calculated as the share of persons aged 18 - 59 who are living in households where no one works. Students aged 18 - 24 who live in households composed solely of students of the same age class are not included. The indicator is based on the EU Labour Force Survey.

Residential Property Price Index (2.19)

The Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) measures the change in average price levels of residential properties sold in Ireland. The RPPI excludes non-household purchases, non-market purchases and self-builds (i.e. where the land is purchased separately). Data for the RPPI is primarily sourced from stamp duty returns, and is then matched to the Building Energy Rating (BER) data and the GeoDirectory. The index is set at base year 2005 and all subsequent price movements are expressed relative to this base.

New Dwelling Completions (2.20)

The New Dwelling Completions series measures the number of new, recently constructed dwellings, where a dwelling is a self-contained unit of living accommodation. Dwellings are broken into three categories: single (a single domestic dwelling or farm premises), scheme (a new multi-unit development with two or more houses), and apartments (a new multi-unit development with two or more apartments). The primary data source used for the New Dwellings Completions series is the ESB domestic connections dataset, which is then matched with Building Energy Rating (BER) data.

Environment

Greenhouse gases (3.1 and 3.2)

Net greenhouse gas emissions show trends in anthropogenic emissions of the greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and three halocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), weighted by their global warming potentials. The figures are given in CO2 equivalents.

Under the Kyoto Protocol, industrialised countries have a legally binding commitment to reduce their collective greenhouses gas emissions by at least 5% compared with 1990 levels by the period 2008-2012. For EU countries, Member States agreed that some countries be allowed to increase their emissions, within limits, provided these are off-set by reductions in others and the EU Kyoto target of a reduction of 8% compared with 1990 is achieved by 2008/2012. Each country's emissions target must be achieved by that period. Ireland's responsibility towards this goal was not to exceed a 13% increase on 1990 levels. It will be calculated as an average over the five years.

Data are expressed as an index reference year (1990 or base year=100), original data refers to Gigagramme (Gg) = thousand tonnes of CO2 equivalent, as calculated by the CSO.

The three main Greenhouse gases included in this publication are carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4).  As greenhouse gas emissions from human activities increase, they build up in the atmosphere and warm the climate.  Because many of the major greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere for tens to hundreds of years after being released, their warming effects on the climate persist over a long time and can therefore affect both present and future generations.

CO2 emissions are the result of burning fossil fuels such as coal, turf and petroleum for heat, power and transportation.  Industrial processes such as cement and lime production also emit CO2.

N2O (Nitrous oxide) emissions arise from nitrogen fertilisers used in agriculture and a small amount of industrial processes.

CH4 emissions are caused by the digestive systems of ruminant animals, waste water treatment plants and landfill sites.

There are other greenhouse gases: Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); and Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6). The emissions from these gases are estimated to comprise around one per cent (in terms of CO2 equivalent) of the total greenhouse gas emissions for Ireland and are included in the total of greenhouse gases in Table 3.2.  Both HFCs and PFCs comprise several individual gases, which have separate global warming potential conversion factors.

Global warming potentials can be used to convert the emissions of individual gases into CO2 equivalents. The global warming potential of each gas takes account of the fact that different gases remain in the atmosphere for differing lengths of time. The conversion factors for the three main greenhouse gases are:

CO2 equivalents per tonne of gas emitted

Emitted gas

   Global warming potential over

100 years

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

1

Methane (CH4)

21

Nitrous oxide (N2O)

310

Urban air quality (3.3 - 3.5)

The pollutants of most concern for urban air quality are particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide and, to a lesser extent, ozone.  Information on measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 reported by the Environmental Protection Agency are presented in this report.

PM10 are described as particles with a diameter of 10 microns or less. These are very small particles which can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract. Inhalation of these particles can increase the risk, frequency and severity of respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders. PM10 in the atmosphere can result from direct emissions (primary PM10) or from emissions of gaseous precursors (oxides of nitrogen, sulphur dioxide and ammonia) which are transformed by chemical reaction in the atmosphere (secondary PM10).

The main sources of anthropogenic PM10 in Ireland are the combustion of solid fuels for domestic heating and road traffic, in particular, emissions from diesel engines.  Other particulates sources include dust from roads, industrial emissions, agricultural related activities and natural substances such as windblown sea salt.

The indicator target and limit values, as set in EU legislation, are as follows:

  • The limit value for PM10 is 50 μg /m3 not to be exceeded on more than 35 days per calendar year;
  • The annual limit value for PM10 is 40 μg /m3. 

In Dublin, the category the PM10 values are listed for Winetavern Street. The category “other towns” in this table are Athlone, Carlow, Dundalk, Ennis, Kilkenny, Letterkenny, Limerick, Navan, Tralee and Waterford. These are towns located in Zone C, (population greater than 15,000), and either have current monitoring in situ or have been assessed previously. In general, towns with similar population and with similar source effects from transport, industry and domestic heating tend to show similar air quality profiles. The data for “other towns” is from the following towns:

2007

Waterford

2008

Galway

2009

Drogheda

2010

Ennis

2011

Ennis

2012

Ennis

2013

Galway

2014

Ennis

2015

Ennis

2016

Ennis

2017

Ennis

2018

Ennis

2019

Ennis

2020

Ennis

Legislation in Ireland forbids the sale of bituminous coal in the following urban areas:

  • Dublin since 1990
  • Cork City since 1995
  • Arklow, Drogheda, Dundalk, Limerick City and Wexford Town since 1998
  • Celbridge, Galway City, Leixlip, Naas and Waterford City since 2000
  • Bray, Kilkenny, Sligo and Tralee since 2003
  • Athlone, Carlow, Clonmel and Ennis since 2011
  • Wicklow, Greystones, Letterkenny, Mullingar, Navan, Newbridge and Portlaoise since 2013.

PM2.5,or fine particulate matter, is particle pollution made of a mixture of solids and liquids of size 2.5 μm or less. It is composed of a number of varying components depending on its source. These can include acids such as nitrates and sulphates, VOCs, metals and soil or dust particles. This PM2.5 can be emitted directly into the atmosphere or can be formed secondarily. For example, sulphate particles are formed by the chemical reaction of SOin the atmosphere after its release from power plants or industrial facilities. The dominant source of PM2.5 is domestic solid fuel combustion and it is considered a better indicator of man-made particulate matter than PM10. All observed concentrations were below the EU limit value of 25 μg /mbut concentrations were observed at several stations between 2009 and 2019 which were above the annual World Health Organisation (WHO) air quality guideline values of 10 μg /m3.

The Dublin site monitored for PM2.5 was Rathmines and the Cork site was Old Station Road from 2009 to 2013 and Heatherton Park from 2014 to 2019. Ennis was the location monitored for the Towns > 15,000 and the Rural location was Longford.

Energy productivity (3.6)

Energy productivity measures the amount of economic output that is produced per unit of gross inland energy consumption and provides a picture of the degree of decoupling of energy use from growth in GDP. The gross inland consumption of energy is calculated as the sum of the gross inland consumption of five energy types: coal, electricity, oil, natural gas and renewable energy sources. Since GDP is measured in million euro and gross inland consumption in thousand tonnes of oil equivalent, energy productivity is calculated in euro per kg of oil equivalent.

Waste management (3.7 and 3.8)

Municipal waste means household waste as well as commercial and other waste that, because of its nature or composition, is similar to household waste. Municipal waste consists of three main elements – household, commercial (including non-process industrial waste), and street cleansing waste (street sweepings, street bins and municipal parks and cemeteries maintenance waste, litter campaign material and fly tipped material). Municipal waste is a part of the overall amount of waste generated (e.g. industrial process waste is not municipal waste).

Recovery of waste means any operation the principal result of which is waste serving a useful purpose by replacing other materials which would otherwise have been used to fulfil a particular function, or waste being prepared to fulfil that function, in the plant or in the wider economy. Recovery operations include material recovery (i.e., recycling), energy recovery (i.e., use as a fuel) and biological recovery (e.g., composting). In 2017, the EPA amalgamated the material recovery and biological recovery into one statistic (recycling).

Landfill is defined as deposit on, in or under land, or specially engineered landfill, including placement into lined discrete cells which are capped and isolated from one another and the environment, or permanent storage, including emplacement of containers in a mine. The definition covers both landfill in internal sites (i.e. where a generator of waste is carrying out its own waste disposal at the place of generation) and in external sites.

The quantity collected is expressed in tonnes per year. Indicator data in Table 3.7 is measured in kg per person per year using population figures on 1 January of each year.

Passenger and freight transport (3.9 and 3.10)

Passenger cars are road vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine persons including the driver.

Inland freight transport includes transport by road, rail and inland waterway. Road transport is based on all movements of vehicles registered in the reporting country on national territory. Rail and inland waterways transport are based on movements on national territory, regardless of the nationality of the vehicle or vessel.

Vehicle Licensing (3.11)

Vehicles licensed for the first time 

Electric hybrid:  means a vehicle that derives its motive power from a combination of an electric motor and an internal combustion engine and is capable of being driven on electric propulsion alone for a material part of its normal driving cycle.

Plug-in electric hybrid:  means a vehicle that derives its motive power from a combination of an electric motor and an internal combustion engine, where the electric motor derives its power from a battery that may be charged from the internal combustion engine and an alternating current (AC) electric mains supply and is capable of being driven on electric propulsion alone for a material part of its normal driving cycle.

Education

Education expenditure (4.1)

Current public expenditure on education refers to gross voted current expenditure on education programmes from first to third level by the Department of Education and Skills (excluding FÁS). Expenditure not allocated by level is excluded from the total. Non-capital public expenditure on education includes direct public expenditure on educational institutions, public subsidies to other private entities for education matters and public subsidies to households such as scholarships and loans to students for tuition fees and student living costs.

Public expenditure on education as used for the international comparison includes both current and capital expenditure. 

In the mid-1990s, undergraduate tuition fees were abolished in Ireland.

Educational institutions are defined as entities that provide instructional services to individuals or education-related services to individuals and other educational institutions. Second level includes further education (e.g., post-Leaving Certificate programmes).  

International data are collected through the joint UNESCO-OECD-EUROSTAT data collection questionnaires on educational finance. Countries provide data coming usually from administrative sources on the basis of commonly agreed definitions.

Education levels (4.3, 4.4 and 4.7)

The 2011 version of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 11) is used in tables 4.3, 4.4, and 4.7 and incorporates 8 levels of education:

ISCED 11 level 0 - Early childhood education: Programmes at this level are typically designed with a holistic approach to support children’s early cognitive, physical, social and emotional development and introduce young children to organized instruction outside to the family context. ISCED level 0 refers to those early childhood programmes that have an intentional education component. These programmes aim to develop socio-emotional skills necessary for participation in school and society and to develop some of the skills needed for academic readiness and to prepare them for entry to primary education.

ISCED 11 level 1 - Primary: Programmes at this level are typically designed to provide students with fundamental skills in reading, writing and mathematics (i.e., literacy and numeracy), and to establish a sound foundation for learning and understanding of core areas of knowledge, personal and social development, preparing for lower secondary education. It focuses on learning at a basic level of complexity with little if any specialisation.

ISCED 11 level 2 - Lower Secondary: Programmes at this level are typically designed to build upon the learning outcomes from ISCED level 1. Usually the educational aim is to lay the foundation for lifelong learning and human development on which education systems may systematically expand further educational opportunities. Some education systems may already offer vocational education programmes at ISCED level 2 to provide individuals with skills relevant to employment.

ISCED 11 level 3 – Upper Secondary: Programmes at this level are typically designed to complete secondary education in preparation for tertiary education, or to provide skills relevant to employment, or both.

ISCED 11 level 4 – Post-Secondary Non-Tertiary: Post-secondary non-tertiary education provides learning experiences building on secondary education and preparing for labour market entry as well as tertiary education. It aims at the individual acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies below the high level of complexity characteristic of tertiary education. Programmes at ISCED level 4 are typically designed to provide individuals who completed ISCED level 3 with non-tertiary qualifications that they require for progression to tertiary education for employment when their ISCED level 3 qualification does not grant such access.

ISCED 11 level 5 – Short-Cycle Tertiary: Programmes at this level are often designed to provide participants with professional knowledge, skills and competencies. Typically, they are practically based, occupationally specific and prepare students to enter the labour market. However, programmes may also provide a pathway to other tertiary education programmes. Academic tertiary education programmes below the level of a bachelor programme or equivalent are also classified as ISCED level 5.

ISCED 11 level 6 – Bachelor or equivalent: Programmes at this level are often designed to provide participants with intermediate academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a first degree or equivalent qualification. Programmes at this level are typically theoretically based but may include practical components and are informed by state of the art research and/or best professional practice. They are traditionally offered by universities and equivalent tertiary educational institutions. 

ISCED 11 level 7 – Master or equivalent: Programmes at this level are often designed to provide participants with advanced academic and/or professional knowledge, skills and competencies, leading to a second degree or equivalent qualification. Programmes at this level may have a substantial research component, but do not yet lead to the award of a doctoral qualification. Typically, programmes at this level are theoretically based but may include practical components and are informed by state of the art research and/or best professional practice. They are traditionally offered by universities and other tertiary educational institutions.

ISCED 11 level 8 – Doctoral or equivalent: Programmes at this level are designed primarily to lead to an advanced research qualification. Programmes at this level are devoted to advanced study and original research and typically offered only by research-oriented tertiary educational institutions such as universities. Doctoral programmes exist in both academic and professional fields.

Pupil-teacher ratio (4.3)

The pupil-teacher ratio is calculated by dividing the number of full-time equivalent pupils at a given level of education by the number of full-time equivalent teachers teaching at that level. Data are collected through the joint UNESCO-OECD-EUROSTAT data collection questionnaires on educational personnel. The Eurostat website contains qualifying footnotes for certain countries for data on pupil-teacher ratios. In particular note that in Ireland ISCED level 3 includes ISCED level 2 and in the United Kingdom ISCED 2 includes pupils at ISCED 3 in Secondary schools and therefore ISCED 3 only includes Vocational pupils.

Literacy (4.5)

The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assesses young people’s capacity to use their knowledge and skills in order to meet real-life challenges, rather than merely examining how well the students had mastered their school curriculum. PISA assesses literacy in reading, mathematics and science. The PISA survey was first conducted in 2000 in 32 countries. Two thirds of the assessment in 2000 focused on reading literacy. The second study, conducted in 2003 in 41 countries, focused primarily on mathematical literacy while the primary focus was on science in the third study in 2006. In 2009 the primary focus was reading, in 2012 the focus was on mathematics while in 2015 the focus was on science. In 2018, the primary focus was again on reading.

Students aged between 15 years and 3 months and 16 years and 2 months at the beginning of the assessment period and who were enrolled in an educational institution were eligible to be included in the study. No distinction was made on the basis of whether they were attending full-time or part-time.

PISA scores do not have a substantive meaning as they are not physical units, such as metres or grams. Instead, they are set in relation to the variation in results observed across all test participants. There is theoretically no minimum or maximum score in PISA; rather, the results are scaled to fit approximately normal distributions, with means around 500 score points and standard deviations around 100 score points. In statistical terms, a one-point difference on the PISA scale therefore corresponds to an effect size.

The OECD average corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the respective country estimates. It was calculated for most indicators presented in this report.

The OECD total takes the OECD Member countries as a single entity, to which each country contributes in proportion to the number of 15-year-olds enrolled in its schools. It can be used to assess how an OECD Member country compares with the OECD area as a whole.

Young people aged 18-24 neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET) (4.6)

The indicator on young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET) corresponds to the percentage of the population of a given age group and sex who are not employed and not involved in further education or training. The numerator of the indicator refers to persons who meet the following two conditions: (a) they are not employed (i.e. unemployed or inactive according to the International Labour Organisation definition) and (b) they have not received any education or training (i.e. neither formal nor non-formal) in the four weeks preceding the survey. The denominator in the total population consists of the same age group and sex, excluding the respondents who have not answered the question 'participation in regular (formal) education and training'. Due to no answers to the variable 'participation in education and training' or 'educational attainment level', certain breakdowns of NEET rates may not exactly sum up to the overall NEET rate for a given age group and sex.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics graduates (4.7)

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics comprises Life sciences; Physical sciences; Mathematics and statistics; Computing; Engineering and engineering trades; Manufacturing and processing; and Architecture and building.

These indicators include tertiary graduates from public and private institutions. Tertiary education refers to International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 11) levels 5 to 8. See text above for detailed information on ISCED 11 classifications. Data on science and technology graduates are collected through the joint UNESCO-OECD-EUROSTAT data collection questionnaires on graduates.

Health

Current health care expenditure (5.1)

The data on current public expenditure (i.e., excluding capital expenditure) on health care in Ireland has been sourced from the CSO publication on health spending for Ireland according to the System of Health Accounts (SHA) methodology.

The introduction of this methodology has resulted in a break in series from 2013. Data for years 2006 to 2012 in this table have been revised to take account of the new boundary for health care services but remain based on previously used data sources and estimation methodologies.

The following are a number of additional revisions undertaken for recent years:

  • For the years 2011 to 2018 there were minor revisions. These were mainly in the private health insurance category (HF.2.1), across all HC and HP categories. These revisions were due to a processing update.

  • A review of processing for some elements of long term care resulted in a revision to this category across all years, this mainly impacts HF.1.1, HC.3.1, HP.2.

  • Some values of HF.1.1 and HF.1.2. for the period 2011 - 2014 have been revised due to a processing error in June 2020 publication. This mainly impacts HC.3*HP.8      

  • Refund of medical expenses by revenue. The latest estimates provided by Revenue have been included.    

Separately, the expenditure per capita figures presented in table 5.1 have been deflated to real prices by using the National Accounts series for net expenditure by central and local government on current goods and services at base year 2019 from the National Income and Expenditure 2020 results. (See table above at 4.1.)

Total expenditure on health (5.2)

Current health care expenditure as a % of GDP in this table has been sourced from Eurostat. Also included is current health care expenditure in Purchasing Power Standards (PPS) per capita. See the section above on tables 2.1 to 2.4 for details of PPS.

Life expectancy (5.3 and 5.4)

Life expectancy at birth or at age 65 is the average number of years that a person at that age can be expected to live, assuming that he or she were to pass through life subject to the age specific mortality rates of a given period.

Life expectancies in Table 5.3 are taken from the Life Tables calculated by the CSO (which are published after each Census of Population) while those in Table 5.4 are calculated by Eurostat.

Healthy life years and life expectancy in poor health (5.5 to 5.7)

The indicator for healthy life years (HLY) at birth measures the number of years that a person at birth is expected to live without any severe or moderate health problems and is a composite indicator that combines mortality data with health status data. Data for health problems is based on a self-perceived question which aims to measure the extent of any limitations, for at least six months, from a health problem that may have affected respondents as regards activities they usually do, (the Global Activity Limitation Instrument (GALI) from the annual EU- SILC survey.)

The EU-SILC question on health problems is:

For at least the past six months, to what extent have you been limited because of a health problem in activities people usually do? Would you say you have been:

  • Severely limited?
  • Limited but not severely?
  • Not limited at all?

Based on this variable the proportions of the population in healthy (who answered “not limited at all”) and unhealthy conditions (who answered “limited but not severely” or “severely limited”) are calculated by sex and age.

Open in Excel:

Indicator

Title

Data Source

1.1

Ireland: Population distribution by age group

CSO, Population and migration estimates

1.2

EU: Population

Eurostat1/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Tables by themes/General and regional statistics/Regional statistics (t_reg)/Regional demographic statistics (t_reg_dem)/Population on 1st January (tps00001)

1.3

Ireland: Migration and natural increase

CSO, Population and migration estimates

1.4

Ireland: Immigration and emigration by country of origin/destination

CSO, Population and migration estimates

1.5

EU: Young and old age dependency ratios

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Demography and migration (demo)/Population (demo_pop)/ Population on 1 January by age group and sex (demo_pjangroup)

1.6

EU: Total fertility rates

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/ Population and social conditions/Demography and migration (demo)/Fertility (demo_fer)/ Fertility indicators (demo_find)

1.7

EU: Proportion of live births outside of marriage and mean age of women at birth of first child

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/ Population and social conditions/Demography and migration (demo)/Fertility (demo_fer)/ Fertility indicators (demo_find)

1.8

EU: Divorce rate

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/ Population and social conditions/Demography and migration (demo)/Marriage and divorce (t_demo_nup)/Crude marriage rate and crude divorce rate (tps00206)

1.9

EU: At risk of poverty rates

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/ Population and social conditions/Living conditions and welfare (livcon)/Income and living conditions (ilc)/Income distribution and monetary poverty (ilc_ip)/Monetary poverty (ilc_ip)/ At-risk-of-poverty rate before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) by poverty threshold, age and sex - EU-SILC and ECHP surveys (ilc_li09)

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/ Population and social conditions/Living conditions and welfare (livcon)/Income and living conditions (ilc)/Income distribution and monetary poverty (ilc_ip)/Monetary poverty (ilc_ip)/ At-risk-of-poverty rate by poverty threshold, age and sex - EU-SILC and ECHP surveys (ilc_li02)

CSO, Survey on Income and Living Conditions

1.10

Ireland: At risk of poverty and consistent rates by age group

CSO, Survey on Income and Living Conditions

1.11

Ireland: At risk of poverty and consistent poverty rates by household composition

CSO, Survey on Income and Living Conditions

1.12

Ireland: At risk of poverty and consistent poverty rates by principal economic status

CSO, Survey on Income and Living Conditions

1.13

Ireland: Median weekly earnings by sex

CSO: Earnings

1.14

 

EU: Gender pay gap

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Tables by themes/ Population and social conditions/Labour market (t_labour)/Earnings (t_earn)/ Gender pay gap in unadjusted form (sdg_05_20)

1.15

 

EU: Net Official Development Assistance

Irish Aid Annual Report, Department of Foreign Affairs; OECD Development Co-operation Report

CSO National Accounts

1.16

EU: Private households with internet access

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Tables by themes/Science, technology, digital society/Digital economy and society (t_isoc)/ICT usage in households and by individuals (t_isoc_i)/Connection to the internet and computer use (t_isoc_ici)/ Level of internet access - households (tin00134)

2.1

Ireland: GDP and GNI

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.2

EU: GDP and GNI at current market prices

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/Economy and finance/National accounts (ESA 2010) (na10)/Annual sector accounts (ESA 2010) (nasa10)/ Non-financial transactions (nasa_10_nf_tr)

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/General and regional statistics/European and national indicators for short-term analysis (euroind)/National accounts (ei_qna)/GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income) (nama_10_gdp)

 

2.3

EU: GDP growth rates

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Tables by themes/Economy and finance/National accounts (including GDP) (t_na10)/Annual national accounts (t_nama10)/Main GDP aggregates (t_nama10_ma)/ Real GDP growth rate - volume (tec00115)

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.4

EU: GDP per capita in PPS

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Tables by themes/Economy and finance/National accounts (including GDP) (t_na10)/Annual national accounts (t_nama10)/Main GDP aggregates (t_nama10_ma)/ GDP per capita in PPS (tec00114)

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.5

EU: General government consolidated gross debt

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Tables by themes/Economy and finance/Government statistics (t_gov)/Government finance statistics (EDP and ESA 2010)(t_gov_gfs10)/Government deficit and debt (t_gov_dd)/ General government gross debt (sdg_17_40)

CSO, Government Finance Statistics

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.6

EU: Public balance

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Economy and finance/Government statistics (gov)/Government finance statistics (EDP and ESA 2010) (gov_gfs10)/Government deficit and debt (gov_10dd)/Government deficit/surplus, debt and associated data (gov_10dd_edpt1)

CSO, Government Finance Statistics

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.7

Ireland: General government total expenditure

CSO, Government Finance Statistics

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.8

EU: Gross fixed capital formation

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Economy and finance/National accounts (including GDP) (t_na10)/Annual national accounts (t_nama10)/Main GDP aggregates (t_nama_10_ma)/Gross fixed capital formation (investments) (tec00011)

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.9

EU: Current account balance

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Economy and finance/Balance of payments - International transactions (BPM6) (bop_6)/Balance of payments statistics and international investment positions (BPM6) (bop_q6)/European Union and euro area balance of payments - quarterly data (BPM6) (bop_eu6_q)

Eurostat/Data /Database/Database navigation tree/Database by themes/General and regional statistics/European and national indicators for short-term analysis (euroind)/National accounts (ei_qna)/GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income) (nama_10_gdp)

 CSO, Balance of Payments

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.10

EU: Exports of goods and services

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Economy and finance/Balance of payments - International transactions (BPM6) (bop_6)/Balance of payments statistics and international investment positions (BPM6) (bop_q6)/European Union and euro area balance of payments - quarterly data (BPM6) (bop_eu6_q)

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.11

EU: Imports of goods and services

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Economy and finance/Balance of payments - International transactions (BPM6) (bop_6)/Balance of payments statistics and international investment positions (BPM6) (bop_q6)/European Union and euro area balance of payments - quarterly data (BPM6) (bop_eu6_q)

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

2.12

EU: Harmonised index of consumer prices

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Economy and finance/Prices (prc)/Harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) (prc_hicp)/HICP (2015 = 100) - annual data (average index and rate of change) (prc_hicp_aind)

CSO, Consumer price index

2.13

EU: Comparative levels of final consumption by private households including direct taxes

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Tables by themes/Economy and finance/Prices (t_prc)/Purchasing power parities (t_prc_ppp)/Comparative price levels (tec00120)

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Economy and finance/Prices (prc)/Harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) (prc_hicp)/HICP (2015 = 100) - annual data (average index and rate of change) (prc_hicp_aind)

2.14

EU: Employment rates by sex

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Labour market (labour)/Employment and unemployment (Labour force survey)/LFS series - detailed annual survey results (lfsa)/Employment rates - LFS series (lfsa_emprt)/Employment rates by sex, age and citizenship (%) (lfsa_ergan)         

CSO, Labour Force Survey

2.15

EU: GDP in PPS per hour worked

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Tables on EU policy/Employment and social policy indicators/Employment performance monitor - indicators (tesem)/ Labour productivity per person employed and hour worked (EU27_2020=100) (tesem160)

CSO, Productivity in Ireland (2017)

2.16

EU: Unemployment rates by sex

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Labour market (labour)/Employment and unemployment (Labour force survey)/LFS series - detailed annual survey results (lfsa)/Total unemployment - LFS series (lfsa_unemp)/Unemployment rates by sex, age and citizenship (%) (lfsa_urgan)

CSO, Labour Force Survey

2.17

EU: Long-term unemployment rates by sex

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Labour market (labour)/Employment and unemployment (Labour force survey)/LFS main indicators (lfsi)/Unemployment - LFS adjusted series (une)/Long-term unemployment by sex - annual data (une_ltu_a)

CSO Labour Force Survey

2.18

EU: Share of persons living in jobless households

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Tables by themes/Population and social conditions/Labour market (t_labour)/Employment and unemployment (Labour force survey) (t_employ)/LFS main indicators (t_lfsi)/Population, activity and inactivity - LFS adjusted series (t_lfsi_act)/ Jobless households by sex (tps00182)

2.19

Ireland: Residential Property Price Index

 

CSO, Residential Property Price Index

2.20

Ireland: New Dwelling Completions

CSO, New Dwelling Completions

3.1

EU: Greenhouse gas emissions

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Tables by themes/Environment and energy/Environment (t_env)/Emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants (source: EEA) (t_env_air)/Greenhouse gas emissions (source: EEA) (sdg_13_10)

3.2

Ireland: Greenhouse gas emissions

CSO, Environmental Accounts Air Emissions

3.3

Ireland: Air pollutant emissions

CSO, Environmental Accounts Air Emissions

3.4

Ireland: Particulate matter in urban areas

Environmental Protection Agency

3.5

Ireland: Annual average fine particulate matter

Environmental Protection Agency

3.6

EU: Energy productivity

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Tables by themes/Environment and energy/Environment (t_nrg)/Sustainable Development indicators Goal 7 - Affordable and clean energy (t_nrg_sdg_07)/Energy productivity (sdg_07_30)

3.7

Ireland: Municipal waste generated, recovered, and landfilled

Environmental Protection Agency

3.8

EU: Municipal waste generated and treated

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Environment and energy/Environment (env)/Waste (env_was)/Waste streams (env_wasst)/Municipal waste by waste management operations (env_wasmun)

3.9

EU: Passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Transport/Road transport (road)/Road transport equipment - stock of vehicles (road_eqs)/ Passenger cars per 1 000 inhabitants (road_eqs_carhab)

3.10

EU: Modal split of inland freight transport

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Tables by themes/Transport/Transport, volume and modal split (t_tran_hv)/Modal split of freight transport (t2020_rk320)

3.11

Ireland: Number of vehicles licensed for the first time by type

CSO, Vehicle Licensing Statistics

4.1

Ireland: Real current public expenditure on education

Department of Education and Skills, Key Education Statistics

4.2

Ireland: Number of students by level

Department of Education and Skills, Key Education Statistics

4.3

EU27: Ratio of students to teachers

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Education and training (educ)/Education personnel (educ_uoe_per)/Teachers and academic staff (educ_uoe_perp)/Ratio of pupils and students to teachers and academic staff by education level and programme orientation (educ_uoe_perp04) 

4.4

EU: Persons aged 25-34 with third level education by sex

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Education and training (educ)/Education and training outcomes (educ_outc)/ Educational attainment level (edat)/Population by educational attainment level (edat1)/Population by educational attainment level, sex and age (%) - main indicators (edat_lfse_03)

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Education and training (educ)/Education and training outcomes (educ_outc)/ Educational attainment level (edat)/Population by educational attainment level (edat1)/Population by sex, age and educational attainment level (1 000) (lfsa_pgaed)

4.5

EU: Student performance on the mathematical, reading and scientific literacy scales

OCED, Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)

4.6

EU: Young persons aged 18-24 neither in employment nor in education and training by sex

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Education and training (educ)/Education and training outcomes (educ_outc)/Transition from education to work (edatt)/Young people by educational and labour status (incl. neither in employment nor in education and training - NEET) (edatt0)/ Young people neither in employment nor in education and training by sex, age and labour status (NEET rates) (edat_lfse_20)

4.7

EU: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics graduates by sex

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Education and training (educ)/Education and training outcomes (educ_outc)/Graduates (educ_uoe_grad)/Graduates in tertiary education, in science, math., computing, engineering, manufacturing, construction, by sex - per 1000 of population aged 20-29 (educ_uoe_grad04)

5.1

Ireland: Current public expenditure on health care

CSO, System of Health Accounts, Annual Results 2018

CSO, Annual population estimates

CSO, National Accounts

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

5.2

EU: Total expenditure on health care as a % of GDP

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Health (hlth)/ Health care (hlth_care)/Health care expenditure (SHA 2011) (hlth_sha11)/Health care expenditure - summary tables (hlth_sha11_sum)/Health care expenditure by financing scheme (hlth_sha11_hf)

CSO, National Income and Expenditure Annual Results

5.3

Ireland: Life expectancy at birth and at age 65 by sex

CSO, Births, Deaths and Marriages

5.4

EU: Life expectancy at birth by sex

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Demography and migration (demo)/Mortality (demo_mor)/Life expectancy by age and sex (demo_mlexpec)

5.5

EU: Healthy life years at birth by sex

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Health (hlth)/Health status (hlth_state)/Healthy life years (hlth_hly)/Healthy life years by sex (from 2004 onwards) (hlth_hlye)

5.6

EU: Proportion of life expectancy in poor health for males

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Demography and migration (demo)/Mortality (demo_mor)/Life expectancy by age and sex (demo_mlexpec)

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Health (hlth)/Health status (hlth_state)/Healthy life years (hlth_hly)/Healthy life years by sex (from 2004 onwards) (hlth_hlye)

5.7

EU: Proportion of life expectancy in poor health for females

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Demography and migration (demo)/Mortality (demo_mor)/Life expectancy by age and sex (demo_mlexpec)

Eurostat/Data /Database/Data navigation tree/Database by themes/Population and social conditions/Health (hlth)/Health status (hlth_state)/Healthy life years (hlth_hly)/Healthy life years by sex (from 2004 onwards) (hlth_hlye)

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