Back to Top

 Skip navigation

Press Statement

20 Stats to Mark 20 Years of Growing Up in Ireland

CSO press statement,

Insights from 20 years of the Growing Up in Ireland study reveal how early experiences and attitudes to school shape educational outcomes

  • Almost all 5-year-olds (96%) surveyed from Cohort ’08 had availed of the free preschool year in the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) scheme.

  • Across Cohort ’98 and Cohort ‘08, almost 80% of parents expected their child to obtain a degree or higher qualification.

  • More than 40% of girls at age 9 in Cohort ’08 always liked school compared with 25% of boys.

Celebrating 20 Years of Evidence and Insight in Education

As children and young people across Ireland return to classrooms, colleges, and training centres, the Central Statistics Office (CSO) is marking the 20th anniversary of the country's longest running longitudinal study of children and young people, Growing Up in Ireland (GUI), by highlighting 20 key educational insights gained over that time.

Jointly managed by the CSO and the Department of Children, Disability and Equality, GUI offers a unique opportunity to examine how educational experiences and outcomes have evolved across time for children and young people in Ireland, from preschool and primary school through to higher education and early adulthood.

The study has followed more than 30,000 children and young people across successive cohorts born in 1998, 2008, and 2024. The insights have informed policy development across education, childcare, wellbeing, inequality, and social inclusion, while providing unique evidence on how experiences in childhood can influence outcomes later in life.

The findings highlighted today show that early literacy skills, positive experiences of school, parental expectations, and socio-economic circumstances can influence educational aspirations, participation, and attainment well into adulthood.

Commenting on the findings, Dr Katie O'Farrell, Senior Statistician at the CSO and Head of Division for the Growing Up in Ireland Survey, said: "This time of year is synonymous with back to school – whether that’s the first day in junior infants, transitioning into secondary school, or beginning an exam year. It’s a good opportunity to reflect on what 20 years of Growing Up in Ireland has taught us about children's educational journeys.

One of the clearest messages from the study is the importance of early years education. In Cohort ’08, almost all 5-year-olds (96%) availed of the free preschool year under the Early Childhood Care and Education scheme, while most 5-year-olds (85%) were considered school ready by their parents. The findings also show that early literacy skills can have lasting effects, with children who performed strongly in vocabulary tests at age 5 more likely to report reading for fun every day at age 9.

Parents expectations of their child attaining at least a degree level qualification were almost universal: nearly 80% of parents in our older two cohorts expected their child to obtain a degree or higher qualification. Showing the contributory influence of this belief using Cohort ’98 data, nearly 70% of young adults whose parents held that expectation when they were 9, had achieved a degree by age 25.

A closer look at the data can reveal those who remain vulnerable in our society: Children from lower-income households in Cohort ’08 were less likely to achieve core language milestones at age 5 and were more likely to lack access to a suitable device, such as a laptop or tablet, for home learning during adolescence. When asked about their own academic abilities at age 13, 37% of children born in 1998 with Special Education Needs (SEN) expected to get a degree compared with 54% of those without SEN.

As Growing Up in Ireland marks its 20th anniversary, these findings demonstrate the value of long-term evidence in understanding how childhood and family experiences can influence aspirations, participation, and educational outcomes into adulthood."

20 Education Insights from 20 Years of Growing Up in Ireland

Early School Years

  • Almost all 5-year-olds (96%) had availed of the free preschool year in the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) scheme by 2013 (Cohort ’08).
  • Around a quarter of the families whose children were born in 2008 said they would not have been able to send their child to preschool in the absence of the ECCE scheme.
  • Most Primary Caregivers (85%) agreed that their child had the necessary pre-reading and writing skills for school at age 5 (Cohort ’08).
  • More than 40% of children with the highest scores on vocabulary tests at age 5 said they read for fun every day at age 9, compared with 22% of those who had scored lowest in the test (Cohort ’08).

Feelings about School

  • The percentage of children that liked school at age 9 improved between cohorts with 27% of those born in 1998 and 33% of those born in 2008 always liking school.
  • Those who were born in 1998 and said at age 9 that they never liked school and never liked their teacher were more likely to misbehave in school at the age of 13.
  • Those who were born in 1998 and disliked second-level school at age 17 or 18 were much less likely to go on to Higher Education, compared with those who liked second-level school (52% and 77% respectively).

Gender Differences

  • Around 14% of Primary Caregivers reported that their child found it difficult to sit still and listen in class at age 7 or 8, and this was more of an issue for boys at 19% compared with girls at 8% (Cohort ’08).
  • More than 40% of girls at age 9 always liked school compared with 25% of boys (Cohort ’08).
  • At age 9, over a third of girls born in 2008 read for fun every day compared with 27% of boys.
  • There were gender differences in reporting negative interactions. More girls (73%) than boys (52%) who were born in 2008 said they were more likely to be never given out to for misbehaving at age 13.

Educational Aspirations

  • Parents’ expectations for their child to obtain a degree or higher were quite strong. Almost 80% of Primary Caregivers expected a degree outcome for those born in 1998 at age 13 and for those born in 2008 at age 9.
  • For those in Cohort 98 who at age 9 said they had never liked school, 36% aspired to go on to a degree, when asked at age 13. This can be compared with more than half of those who had always or sometimes liked school.
  • When asked about their own academic abilities at age 13, 37% of children born in 1998 with Special Education Needs (SEN) expected to get a degree compared with 54% of those without SEN.

Socio-Economic Factors

  • Reaching core milestones at age 5 differed by household characteristics. Almost 40% of children who had started school by September 2012 and were in the lowest income families, had not obtained core language milestones, compared with 19% of children in the highest income families (Cohort ’08).
  • Access to a device (laptop, computer, or tablet including keyboard) suitable for home learning at age 13 varied by household characteristics. Almost a third (32%) of children born in 2008 from the lowest income families had no home access to a suitable device, compared with 23% of those from the highest income families who did not have access.
  • Being able to live at home while studying at age 20 was a very important factor for 31% of those born in 1998, reflecting socio-economic constraints on choice of higher and further education. This was especially the case for those from less-advantaged families (44%) where the parent had a lower second-level education or less.

Educational Outcomes

  • Almost 70% of 20-year-olds were in education or training, and this was more common among those whose parent had a degree or higher (81%) when the young person was age 17 or 18, compared with those from lower educational backgrounds (52%) (Cohort ’98).
  • Around 60% of the children that were born in 1998 and took part in the survey had achieved a degree or equivalent qualification by age 25.
  • Almost 70% of those whose parents expected them to get a degree at age 9 had done so by age 25. By comparison, 37% of respondents, whose parents did not have this expectation, had a degree level qualification by age 25 (Cohort ’98).

Editor's Note

Growing Up in Ireland is the national longitudinal study of children and young people in Ireland. The study, which was launched in 2006 by the Department of Children, Disability and Equality (DCDE) and was formerly conducted by the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), is now jointly managed by DCDE and the Central Statistics Office (CSO). The study has followed more than 30,000 children and young people across successive cohorts born in 1998, 2008, and 2024.

The figures in this release are based on responses provided by Growing Up in Ireland survey participants. Further information on the study is available on the CSO website. The CSO would like to thank the participating respondents and their families for their ongoing co-operation in agreeing to take part in the GUI survey and for facilitating the collection of the relevant data.

Contacts

Email pressoffice@cso.ie
Emailgui@cso.ie

-- ENDS --