A CSO Frontier Series - What is this?
| Enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons1 on Pandemic Unemployment Payment, March - September 2020 | ||||||
| Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) | Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or Pandemic Unemployment Payment | ||||
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| March | 9,361 | 3.9 | 106,331 | 43.8 | 109,767 | 45.3 |
| April | 32,745 | 13.5 | 125,619 | 51.8 | 138,190 | 57.0 |
| May | 37,049 | 15.3 | 123,614 | 51.0 | 137,342 | 56.6 |
| June | 38,059 | 15.7 | 107,610 | 44.4 | 122,208 | 50.4 |
| July | 38,786 | 16.0 | 77,922 | 32.1 | 96,306 | 39.7 |
| August | 36,029 | 14.9 | 63,810 | 26.3 | 83,421 | 34.4 |
| September | 24,296 | 10.0 | 58,523 | 24.1 | 70,823 | 29.2 |
| March-September 20202 | 51,929 | 21.4 | 131,238 | 54.1 | 143,946 | 59.3 |
| 1Associated persons refers to employees or self-employed who have lost their employment due to COVID-19 and were in receipt of PUP. | ||||||
| 2Enterprises which availed of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) and/or had associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | ||||||
For further information, see Infographic
The ‘Business Signs of Life’ series has been created by the CSO to examine changes in the Irish Business Economy during the COVID-19 pandemic using available administrative data sources, which can provide more timely indicators than traditional statistical sources. Annual statistics on the business population are generally published with a time lag of 18 months – for example, the 2018 Business Demography results were published in July 2020. However, changes in business activity have taken place more abruptly during 2020 and timelier statistical measures are required.
Series One of ‘Business Signs of Life’ reports on the interaction between employment-related payments and business activity from March to September 2020. This series examines the enterprise sectors which have been most impacted by the pandemic and its associated restrictions. The results represent exploratory data matching and analysis by the CSO based on data from the following sources:
Because this is an exploratory analysis, based on linking a number of new data sources, the results are published as a CSO Frontier Series output. The initial base population of enterprises in this bulletin refers to the 2018 Structural Business Statistics (SBS) population, which covers a total of 281,408 enterprises. However, the analysis of employment-related payments relates only to enterprises with persons engaged and therefore enterprises with zero persons engaged were excluded from the analysis. As a result, 38,809 enterprises were excluded and all proportions in this release relate to a base population of 242,559 companies with employees.
| Population | Enterprises |
| Total SBS population 2018 | 281,408 |
| Enterprises with 0 persons engaged | 38,809 |
| Base population for analysis | 242,599 |
Annual business statistics are published about 18 months after the reference year. The reason for this time lag is that the figures on active enterprises depend on processed tax return data supplied to the Revenue Commissioners, which businesses have 11 months after the reference year to submit. Therefore, some intrinsic timing issues influence the base population. Since the enterprise population is based on the reference year 2018, some enterprises may have ceased trading and new enterprises commenced over the period 1 January 2019 to 15 March 2020. Due to these time-lag differences the usual demographic changes in the business population have not been measured in establishing a baseline for this report. The extent to which this has occurred cannot be accurately assessed until source data becomes available. For comparison, the most up-to-date number of enterprise deaths for a one-year period refers to reference year 2016, when there were 14,629 enterprise deaths as per the CSO’s Business Demography release. Given this limitation, it is likely that the proportional estimates of use of the State schemes, i.e. the TWSS/EWSS and PUP, due to COVID-19 will be underestimated because of these previously ceased companies.
| Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) | Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) and Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | |
| March | 41.39 | 2.44 | 1.42 |
| April | 43.46 | 8.32 | 5.18 |
| May | 41.35 | 9.61 | 5.66 |
| June | 34.69 | 9.67 | 6.02 |
| July | 23.71 | 8.41 | 7.58 |
| August | 19.54 | 6.77 | 8.08 |
| September | 19.18 | 4.94 | 5.07 |
Highest number of enterprises availing of state support recorded in April
Of the 242,599 enterprises in the base population in 2018, 59.3% availed of the Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or the Pandemic Unemployment Payment at least once between March and September 2020. The uptake in State payroll support peaked in April at 57.0% and decreased to 29.2% in September.
More than half (54.1%) of enterprises had associated persons in receipt of the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) scheme at least once between March and September 2020. This peaked in April at 51.8% and declined to 24.1% in September.
More than one-in-five enterprises (21.4%) had received a payment via the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) in the period 16 March 2020 to 22 September 2020. This peaked in July at 16.0% and declined to 10.0% by September. See Figure 1 and Headline Table.
| Manufacturing (C) | Construction (F) | Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) | Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | All Sectors | |
| March | 47.74 | 54.26 | 46.36 | 62.51 | 67.49 | 45.25 |
| April | 61.47 | 69.88 | 59.07 | 67.68 | 73.63 | 56.96 |
| May | 60.76 | 69.04 | 58.97 | 66.89 | 73.15 | 56.62 |
| June | 54.23 | 53.17 | 53.79 | 64.91 | 70.07 | 50.37 |
| July | 43.29 | 35.2 | 43.76 | 60.47 | 47.64 | 39.7 |
| August | 38.07 | 28.33 | 38.69 | 56.75 | 36.6 | 34.39 |
| September | 31.71 | 21.69 | 30.93 | 54.11 | 31.93 | 29.19 |
Other Service Activities sector had highest proportion of firms availing of State employment-related support
The Other Service Activities sector had the highest take up of the State's employment-related support between March and September. More than two-thirds (67.5%) of enterprises in this sector were using at least one of the supports created at the beginning of lockdown in March. This increased to 73.6% in April and remained steady at over 70% in May and June. It declined in July following the phased Reopening of Society and Business and continued to decline monthly while 31.9% of enterprises availed of the payment support schemes in September.
In the Construction sector, more than half (54.3%) of enterprises took up at least one of the supports in March. Uptake peaked to 69.9% in April before declining from May onwards following Phase One easing of restrictions. By September, 21.7% of Construction enterprises availed of support.
In the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, more than six in ten (62.5%) enterprises availed of support at the beginning of lockdown in March. This peaked in April (67.7%) and remained steady throughout the summer as restrictions remained in place for many enterprises in this sector. By September more than half (54.1%) of enterprises availed of at least one State support, the highest percentage of any sector for the month.
Enterprises in Electricity, Gas, Steam & Air Conditioning Supply (27.5%), Real Estate Activities (32.3%), Information & Communication (36.1%) and Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities (41.6%) had the lowest uptake of the WSS and/or PUP at some point between March and September. See Table 1a and Figure 2a.
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93) | Construction (F) | Information and Communication (J) | Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | All Sectors | |
| 17-Mar | 15.47 | 2.63 | 3.08 | 24.47 | 14.26 | 6.57 |
| 07-Apr | 56.38 | 58.57 | 20.92 | 62.98 | 69.11 | 46.67 |
| 28-Apr | 60.23 | 64.39 | 23.79 | 65.15 | 71.92 | 50.55 |
| 19-May | 60.09 | 62.74 | 24.38 | 64.02 | 71.4 | 49.62 |
| 09-Jun | 57.46 | 42.58 | 23.42 | 61.78 | 67.68 | 41.99 |
| 30-Jun | 52.54 | 31.23 | 21.75 | 59.16 | 62.15 | 35.71 |
| 21-Jul | 41.76 | 22.73 | 19.04 | 51.48 | 25.96 | 27.51 |
| 11-Aug | 36.67 | 16.69 | 17.25 | 46.7 | 18.57 | 23.26 |
| 01-Sep | 35.28 | 15.88 | 16.17 | 45.3 | 17.59 | 22.31 |
| 22-Sep | 35.7 | 16.31 | 15.76 | 45.85 | 19.55 | 22.3 |
Sectors with highest percentage of enterprises with associated persons in receipt of PUP
The Other Service Activities sector (which includes hairdressers, funeral homes and gyms) was most likely to have had associated persons in receipt of the Pandemic Unemployment Payment since the introduction of the scheme in mid-March. The percentage of enterprises with associated staff peaked during lockdown at 71.9% on 28 April 2020. Following the Phase Three easing of restrictions there was a sharp decline in use of the scheme from 62.2% on 30 June to 26.0% on 21 July 2020.
In Construction the proportion of enterprises that had associated persons in receipt of PUP peaked on 28 April at 64.4%. This declined in May following Phase One of the Government’s roadmap for reopening Society and Business on 18 May 2020 and continued to decline to a low of 15.9% on 1 September 2020.
In the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, enterprises that had associated persons in receipt of the PUP peaked at 65.2% on 28 April 2020. By the end of September, 45.9% of enterprises in this sector has associated persons that availed of the payment, the highest of any sector for this period. See Figure 2b and Table 1b.
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93) | Transportation and Storage (H) | Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) | Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | All Sectors | |
| March | 8.19 | 1.36 | 5.76 | 8.44 | 2.56 | 3.86 |
| April | 21.31 | 6.39 | 20.11 | 15.72 | 3.73 | 13.5 |
| May | 22.75 | 7.21 | 22.6 | 19.2 | 4.24 | 15.27 |
| June | 23.85 | 6.98 | 24.09 | 22.18 | 5.43 | 15.69 |
| July | 26.27 | 6.3 | 22.21 | 29.87 | 18.88 | 15.99 |
| August | 25.23 | 5.56 | 19.94 | 29.97 | 19.04 | 14.85 |
| September | 20.75 | 4.37 | 10.59 | 28.55 | 15.26 | 10.01 |
Sectors availing of the Wage Subsidy Schemes
In Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, the proportion of enterprises that availed of the Temporary Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS) increased each month until peaking in August at 30.0%. Almost three in ten enterprises (28.6%) availed of the EWSS in September, the highest proportion among any sector for the month.
In the Other Service Activities sector, 2.6% of enterprises availed of TWSS in March. The uptake in this sector remained low increasing from 3.7% in April to 5.4% in June. However, as restrictions were eased, and enterprises resumed trading, there was an increase in usage as 18.9% of enterprises in the sector availed of the scheme in July.
The Transportation & Storage sector had the lowest proportion of enterprises (9.3%) that availed of the TWSS/EWSS at some point between March and September. The highest percentage of enterprises in this sector using TWSS/EWSS was in May at 7.2%. However, 58.2% of Transportation & Storage enterprises had associated persons on PUP at some point between March and September. See Figure 2c and Table 1c.
| X-axis label | Cultural and Creative Industries | Tourism Industries | All Sectors |
|---|---|---|---|
| March | 38.2 | 61.2 | 45.3 |
| April | 50.8 | 67.1 | 57 |
| May | 51.3 | 65.9 | 56.6 |
| June | 49.1 | 64 | 50.4 |
| July | 41.9 | 58.3 | 39.7 |
| August | 36.8 | 52.8 | 34.4 |
| September | 32.2 | 50.8 | 29.2 |
Tourism and Cultural & Creative Industries
Figure 2d shows Tourism and Cultural & Creative Industries as defined by Eurostat (see Background Notes). More than two-thirds (68.9%) of enterprises in Tourism Industries availed of a State employment-related support at least once between March and September with the highest uptake in April (67.1%) and the lowest uptake in September (50.8%). More enterprises in the Tourism Industries availed of the PUP (67.8%) compared to the WSS (21.8%) at some point between March and September. The proportion of enterprises with associated persons in receipt of PUP peaked in April (64.9%) and declined to 44.0% in September, while the utilisation of the WSS increased from 9.4% in April to 16.9% in September. See tables 1a to 1c.
In the Cultural & Creative sector there were 54.1% of enterprises that availed of a State support at some point between March and September. The uptake of support in this sector peaked in May at 51.3% before declining to 32.2% of firms in September. Enterprises in the Cultural & Creative sector had more enterprises with associated persons on the PUP (47.2%) compared to the TWSS/EWSS (17.1%) at least once between March and September. See tables 1a to 1c.
| Manufacturing (C) | Construction (F) | Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) | Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | All Sectors | |
| March | 24.98 | 40.55 | 21.53 | 22.97 | 49.96 | 28.36 |
| April | 36.67 | 56.05 | 31.51 | 29.05 | 56.67 | 38.55 |
| May | 36.2 | 55.41 | 31.4 | 28.36 | 56.31 | 38.22 |
| June | 30.35 | 40.31 | 27.1 | 26.19 | 53.35 | 32.4 |
| July | 21.05 | 23.92 | 19.49 | 22.11 | 34.07 | 23.17 |
| August | 17.08 | 17.8 | 15.96 | 18.56 | 23.7 | 18.65 |
| September | 14.16 | 13.67 | 11.94 | 21.66 | 21.2 | 16.13 |
Enterprises with all pre-COVID staff availing of State payroll support
This section details the proportion of enterprises (by sector) which all persons engaged prior to COVID-19 restrictions were subject to either the Wage Subsidy Scheme (WSS) or the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP).
The Other Service Activities sector, which includes hairdressers, funeral services and gyms, had the highest proportion (64.0%) of enterprises in which all persons engaged were supported by WSS/PUP at some point between March and September. This was followed by Construction (59.7%) and Transportation & Storage, which includes taxi operators (52.0%).
In All Sectors, April (38.6%) and May (38.2%) had the most enterprises with all persons engaged availing of State employment-related support. This number reduced over the summer months to September, with 16.1% of enterprises having their pre-COVID-19 staff on WSS/PUP. See Table 2a and Figure 3.
In the first lockdown, more than a third of enterprises had all staff in receipt of PUP
More than a third (34.4%) of enterprises had all their persons engaged prior to the COVID-19 restrictions in receipt of PUP at some point in April (34.4%). This reduced in June (27.6%) and July (17.4%) as restrictions eased and by September 11.9% of enterprises had all persons engaged in receipt of PUP.
Other Service Activities had the most enterprises with all their persons engaged in receipt of PUP at least once between March and September at 57.8%. The proportion in this sector peaked in April at 55.8%. More than half had all persons engaged on PUP in May (55.4%) and June (52.2%) before falling to 25.9% in July and to 13.6% by September.
Almost half (49.0%) of enterprises in Transportation & Storage had all their persons engaged in receipt of PUP at some point between March and September. While this peaked in April (47.6%) like most sectors, its decline has been slower with 29.8% still in this situation in September, the highest proportion of any sector in the month. See Table 2b.
| Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) | Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) and Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | |
| March | 74.84 | 2.31 | 0.31 |
| April | 79.13 | 2.56 | 0.31 |
| May | 78.48 | 2.79 | 0.31 |
| June | 77.28 | 3.67 | 0.35 |
| July | 29.87 | 11.63 | 13.07 |
| August | 16.19 | 6.33 | 18.64 |
| September | 16.15 | 5.29 | 14.78 |
Analysis of selected NACE activities
A more in-depth analysis of sectors reveals that 83.7% of Hairdressing & other beauty treatment enterprises have availed of a State COVID-19 payroll support at some point between March and September. Almost eight in ten (77.5%) of firms in these activities used payroll support at the beginning of lockdown in March. This increased to a peak of 82.0% in April and remained at over 80% for May and June before declining to 36.2% in September. As restrictions eased the number of enterprises with associated persons on the PUP decreased while those that availed of the WSS increased. See Figure 4a.
Similarly, 75.4% of enterprises involved in Building completion & finishing, such as plasterers, painters and fitters etc. had used a COVID-19 payroll support at some point between March and September 2020. Almost six in ten (59.0%) enterprises availed of payroll support at the start of lockdown in March. The number of enterprises using payroll support peaked in April at 74.0% before declining following the Phase One easing of restrictions.
More than two-thirds (66.9%) of Taxi operators used either the WSS or PUP at least once between March and September. There was a 59.1% take-up in March among Taxi operators. This peaked the following month with 65.4% availing of payroll support before declining to 45.5% in September.
In the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, there were 70.6% of enterprises specific to Hotels & similar accommodation using COVID-19 payroll support at some point between March and September with 64.3% that availed of support in September. Similarly, more than three-quarters (75.1%) of Restaurants & mobile food services activities availed of payroll support at least once between March and September with 52.1% still availing of support in September.
| Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) | Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) and Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | |
| March | 56 | 9.35 | 0.99 |
| April | 56.59 | 13.24 | 1.19 |
| May | 55.18 | 14.71 | 1.29 |
| June | 52.9 | 16.21 | 1.44 |
| July | 41.68 | 23.29 | 2.91 |
| August | 38 | 21.87 | 5.28 |
| September | 30.92 | 26.75 | 5.94 |
More than seven in ten (72.7%) enterprises in Beverage serving activities have availed of the WSS and/or PUP between March and September. Two-thirds (66.3%) of enterprises availed of State payroll support in March. This increased to 71.2% in May and slightly declined to 63.5% in September. As the restrictions eased the number of enterprises with associated persons on the PUP declined while those that availed of the WSS increased. See Table 3a and Figure 4b.
| Hairdressing and other beauty treatment (S9602) | Building completion and finishing (F433) | Beverage serving activities (I5630) | Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores (G4771) | |
| 17-Mar | 19.45 | 2.88 | 25.88 | 17.3 |
| 07-Apr | 78.65 | 64.54 | 66.62 | 63.89 |
| 28-Apr | 80.95 | 70.74 | 69.43 | 66.4 |
| 19-May | 80.69 | 69.19 | 69.54 | 65.92 |
| 09-Jun | 80.33 | 46.78 | 68.69 | 64.74 |
| 30-Jun | 77.29 | 32.72 | 67.21 | 45.36 |
| 21-Jul | 26.04 | 22.39 | 61.61 | 35.64 |
| 11-Aug | 17.53 | 15.61 | 57.29 | 30.76 |
| 01-Sep | 16.52 | 14.54 | 55.37 | 29.38 |
| 22-Sep | 19.67 | 15.44 | 55.2 | 29.05 |
Following the Roadmap for Reopening Society and Business
Analysing certain NACE Rev. 2 activities that had associated persons in receipt of the PUP reveals the change in take up following the Government's Roadmap for Reopening Society and Business. Almost seven in ten (69.2%) of Building completion & finishing activities, which includes plasterers, painters and fitters etc. availed of the PUP on 19 May 2020. Following Phase One easing of restrictions on 18 May 2020, the number of enterprises in this sector that availed of the PUP declined sharply to 15.6% by 11 August 2020.
Similarly, following Phase Two easing of restrictions on the 8 June 2020, the proportion of enterprises in Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores declined from 64.7% on 9 June to 30.8% by 11 August 2020.
Phase Three easing of restrictions on 29 June saw a sharp decline in support utilisation as Hairdressers & other beauty treatment businesses could reopen. Enterprises in this activity went from 77.3% on 30 June to 17.5% by 11 August 2020. See Figure 4c and Table 3b.
| Hairdressing and other beauty treatment (S9602) | Building completion and finishing (F433) | Beverage serving activities (I5630) | Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores (G4771) | Restaurants and mobile service activities (I5610) | Hotels and similar accommodation (I5510) | |
| March | 2.6295089336 | 1.514426909 | 10.335615295 | 9.1469194313 | 7.8511849596 | 12.652767793 |
| April | 2.8767277222 | 5.9195493916 | 14.426448489 | 17.630331754 | 15.133059711 | 38.820992092 |
| May | 3.1014720755 | 7.7262341251 | 15.995992653 | 19.620853081 | 21.329273137 | 40.618260244 |
| June | 4.022923924 | 8.1035124077 | 17.649023209 | 34.597156398 | 26.161790017 | 44.212796549 |
| July | 24.699404427 | 7.9387852702 | 26.198029721 | 35.829383886 | 35.13835562 | 51.545650611 |
| August | 24.969097651 | 7.3861522929 | 27.149774587 | 34.976303318 | 34.648484046 | 51.761322789 |
| September | 20.06967075 | 4.1234922153 | 32.693270997 | 24.786729858 | 27.300410433 | 50.395398994 |
Enterprises availing of Wage Subsidy Scheme increased as restrictions eased
As businesses reopened over the summer, take up in the Wage Subsidy Scheme increased. This can be seen most prominently in Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores and Hairdressers & other beauty treatment sector.
Almost one in five (19.6%) of enterprises in the Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores availed of the TWSS in May. This increased to a third (34.6%) of enterprises in June following Phase two easing of restrictions on 8 June 2020.
In June 4.0% of enterprises in Hairdressers & other beauty treatment sector availed of TWSS. This increased to almost a quarter (24.7%) in July following Phase Three easing of restrictions on 29 June 2020. See Figure 4d and Table 3c.
| Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) | Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) and Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) | |
| Non-office based | 51.03 | 9.26 | 4.44 |
| Office based | 26.06 | 6.15 | 6.9 |
| Domestic | 43.8 | 8.1 | 5.11 |
| Foreign | 24.3 | 20.51 | 9.51 |
| Modern | 22.61 | 5.33 | 7.55 |
| Traditional | 44.77 | 8.5 | 5.03 |
Selected NACE Groupings
Enterprises that were not office-based had a higher take up of WSS or PUP at 66.8% compared to office based enterprises (42.2%) at some point between March and September. In April, the month with the highest uptake, 64.7% of non-office based enterprises availed of the State's COVID-19 payroll support compared to 39.1% of office based enterprises.
There were 59.3% of domestically owned enterprises with staff who were in receipt of either the WSS or PUP at some point between March and September. For Foreign-owned enterprises the corresponding figure was 60.3%. Domestic enterprises had a higher proportion of enterprises that availed of support at 57.0% in April compared to 54.3% for Foreign-owned enterprises.
Similarly, firms classified as Traditional had more enterprises (60.5%) compared to Modern enterprises (40.0%) that availed of the State's COVID-19 payroll support at some point between March and September. See Figure 5 and Table 4.
| Table 1a Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by sector, March-September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises in sector | |||||||||
| Sector | Base population in sector | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Mining and Quarrying (B) | 330 | 37.3 | 56.7 | 54.6 | 49.1 | 39.7 | 34.6 | 27.3 | 58.2 |
| Manufacturing (C) | 14,425 | 47.7 | 61.5 | 60.8 | 54.2 | 43.3 | 38.1 | 31.7 | 63.9 |
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D) | 189 | 18.0 | 25.4 | 25.9 | 24.3 | 15.9 | 14.3 | 12.2 | 27.5 |
| Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities (E) | 851 | 32.3 | 46.9 | 46.8 | 44.2 | 38.0 | 33.6 | 27.3 | 49.4 |
| Construction (F) | 51,017 | 54.3 | 69.9 | 69.0 | 53.2 | 35.2 | 28.3 | 21.7 | 71.4 |
| Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) | 41,896 | 46.4 | 59.1 | 59.0 | 53.8 | 43.8 | 38.7 | 30.9 | 61.6 |
| Transportation and Storage (H) | 23,775 | 49.4 | 58.7 | 57.5 | 54.3 | 46.9 | 40.5 | 38.2 | 60.7 |
| Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | 17,922 | 62.5 | 67.7 | 66.9 | 64.9 | 60.5 | 56.8 | 54.1 | 69.7 |
| Information and Communication (J) | 12,171 | 21.3 | 31.5 | 32.7 | 32.0 | 28.0 | 25.5 | 21.7 | 36.1 |
| Real Estate Activities (L) | 10,190 | 21.9 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 28.5 | 22.2 | 19.2 | 15.8 | 32.3 |
| Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M) | 36,997 | 25.9 | 38.4 | 38.8 | 36.7 | 30.4 | 27.0 | 22.3 | 41.6 |
| Administrative and Support Service Activities (N) | 14,105 | 41.3 | 53.9 | 53.3 | 45.0 | 36.4 | 32.4 | 28.5 | 56.3 |
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93) | 4,260 | 56.6 | 66.4 | 66.8 | 64.8 | 55.5 | 50.0 | 45.8 | 69.3 |
| Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | 14,471 | 67.5 | 73.6 | 73.2 | 70.1 | 47.6 | 36.6 | 31.9 | 75.4 |
| All Sectors | 242,599 | 45.3 | 57.0 | 56.6 | 50.4 | 39.7 | 34.4 | 29.2 | 59.3 |
| Cultural and Creative Industries | 11,832 | 38.2 | 50.8 | 51.3 | 49.1 | 41.9 | 36.8 | 32.2 | 54.1 |
| Tourism Industries | 31,955 | 61.2 | 67.1 | 65.9 | 64.0 | 58.3 | 52.8 | 50.8 | 68.9 |
| 1Enterprises availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) and/or have associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| Table 1b Percentage of enterprises which had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by sector, March-September 2020 | ||||||||||||
| % of enterprises in sector | ||||||||||||
| Sector | Base population in sector | 17-Mar | 7-Apr | 28-Apr | 19-May | 9-Jun | 30-Jun | 21-Jul | 11-Aug | 1-Sep | 22-Sep | March - September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Mining and Quarrying (B) | 330 | 1.8 | 39.4 | 41.8 | 39.7 | 32.7 | 27.0 | 22.4 | 18.8 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 45.5 |
| Manufacturing (C) | 14,425 | 4.8 | 48.8 | 52.4 | 50.9 | 43.2 | 35.6 | 28.6 | 24.6 | 23.7 | 23.4 | 56.7 |
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D) | 189 | 3.7 | 18.0 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 16.9 | 14.3 | 12.2 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 22.2 |
| Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities (E) | 851 | 3.6 | 32.3 | 36.6 | 36.3 | 33.0 | 29.3 | 24.2 | 21.6 | 21.0 | 20.9 | 40.1 |
| Construction (F) | 51,017 | 2.6 | 58.6 | 64.4 | 62.7 | 42.6 | 31.2 | 22.7 | 16.7 | 15.9 | 16.3 | 67.5 |
| Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) | 41,896 | 6.1 | 46.4 | 50.5 | 49.5 | 43.3 | 35.5 | 28.7 | 24.5 | 23.7 | 23.3 | 54.4 |
| Transportation and Storage (H) | 23,775 | 8.0 | 51.9 | 54.8 | 53.5 | 49.9 | 46.0 | 39.1 | 35.1 | 33.7 | 32.7 | 58.2 |
| Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | 17,922 | 24.5 | 63.0 | 65.2 | 64.0 | 61.8 | 59.2 | 51.5 | 46.7 | 45.3 | 45.9 | 68.1 |
| Information and Communication (J) | 12,171 | 3.1 | 20.9 | 23.8 | 24.4 | 23.4 | 21.8 | 19.0 | 17.3 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 28.4 |
| Real Estate Activities (L) | 10,190 | 2.3 | 22.4 | 25.4 | 25.0 | 22.6 | 18.5 | 14.4 | 12.1 | 11.5 | 11.1 | 28.0 |
| Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M) | 36,997 | 2.4 | 25.7 | 29.3 | 29.1 | 26.8 | 23.3 | 19.4 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 15.7 | 33.2 |
| Administrative and Support Service Activities (N) | 14,105 | 5.8 | 43.0 | 46.8 | 45.6 | 36.4 | 31.4 | 26.2 | 22.7 | 22.2 | 22.5 | 51.0 |
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93) | 4,260 | 15.5 | 56.4 | 60.2 | 60.1 | 57.5 | 52.5 | 41.8 | 36.7 | 35.3 | 35.7 | 64.2 |
| Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | 14,471 | 14.3 | 69.1 | 71.9 | 71.4 | 67.7 | 62.2 | 26.0 | 18.6 | 17.6 | 19.6 | 74.6 |
| All Sectors | 242,599 | 6.6 | 46.7 | 50.6 | 49.6 | 42.0 | 35.7 | 27.5 | 23.3 | 22.3 | 22.3 | 54.1 |
| Cultural and Creative Industries | 11,832 | 5.3 | 39.0 | 43.0 | 43.0 | 40.4 | 35.9 | 30.3 | 26.6 | 24.9 | 24.0 | 47.2 |
| Tourism Industries | 31,955 | 18.3 | 62.7 | 64.9 | 63.6 | 61.4 | 58.3 | 50.3 | 45.8 | 44.1 | 44.0 | 67.8 |
| 1Enterprises having associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | ||||||||||||
| Table 1c Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme by sector, March - September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises in sector | |||||||||
| Sector | Base population in sector | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Mining and Quarrying (B) | 330 | 3.0 | 27.0 | 29.7 | 26.1 | 23.0 | 19.4 | 11.2 | 35.5 |
| Manufacturing (C) | 14,425 | 4.5 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 22.8 | 21.1 | 19.1 | 12.0 | 28.5 |
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D) | 189 | 1.1 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 10.1 |
| Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities (E) | 851 | 5.1 | 22.6 | 24.3 | 22.8 | 19.7 | 17.4 | 9.2 | 28.1 |
| Construction (F) | 51,017 | 2.5 | 11.3 | 13.6 | 13.1 | 12.1 | 10.9 | 6.1 | 17.9 |
| Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) | 41,896 | 5.8 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 24.1 | 22.2 | 19.9 | 10.6 | 29.9 |
| Transportation and Storage (H) | 23,775 | 1.4 | 6.4 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 9.3 |
| Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | 17,922 | 8.4 | 15.7 | 19.2 | 22.2 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 28.6 | 37.0 |
| Information and Communication (J) | 12,171 | 2.7 | 11.4 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 6.9 | 14.5 |
| Real Estate Activities (L) | 10,190 | 2.5 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 5.8 | 11.7 |
| Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M) | 36,997 | 3.6 | 14.2 | 15.2 | 14.9 | 13.3 | 12.3 | 7.6 | 18.0 |
| Administrative and Support Service Activities (N) | 14,105 | 3.5 | 14.7 | 16.3 | 16.1 | 15.3 | 14.0 | 10.1 | 19.7 |
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93) | 4,260 | 8.2 | 21.3 | 22.8 | 23.9 | 26.3 | 25.2 | 20.8 | 31.3 |
| Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | 14,471 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 18.9 | 19.0 | 15.3 | 22.4 |
| All Sectors | 242,599 | 3.9 | 13.5 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 10.0 | 21.4 |
| Cultural and Creative Industries | 11,832 | 3.4 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 14.0 | 13.4 | 12.8 | 9.5 | 17.1 |
| Tourism Industries | 31,955 | 4.9 | 9.4 | 11.4 | 13.1 | 17.4 | 17.4 | 16.9 | 21.8 |
| 1Enterprises availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| Table 2a Percentage of enterprises with all persons engaged which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had all associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by sector, March - September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises in sector | |||||||||
| Sector | Base population in sector | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Mining and Quarrying (B) | 330 | 10.9 | 28.2 | 26.7 | 20.9 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 10.3 | 34.2 |
| Manufacturing (C) | 14,425 | 25.0 | 36.7 | 36.2 | 30.4 | 21.1 | 17.1 | 14.2 | 41.7 |
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D) | 189 | 6.9 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 13.8 |
| Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities (E) | 851 | 9.8 | 19.0 | 18.8 | 17.4 | 12.8 | 11.1 | 8.7 | 23.3 |
| Construction (F) | 51,017 | 40.6 | 56.1 | 55.4 | 40.3 | 23.9 | 17.8 | 13.7 | 59.7 |
| Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) | 41,896 | 21.5 | 31.5 | 31.4 | 27.1 | 19.5 | 16.0 | 11.9 | 36.6 |
| Transportation and Storage (H) | 23,775 | 41.9 | 49.4 | 48.1 | 45.2 | 38.4 | 32.6 | 31.4 | 52.0 |
| Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | 17,922 | 23.0 | 29.1 | 28.4 | 26.2 | 22.1 | 18.6 | 21.7 | 37.0 |
| Information and Communication (J) | 12,171 | 13.0 | 19.5 | 20.3 | 19.5 | 16.3 | 14.2 | 12.0 | 23.6 |
| Real Estate Activities (L) | 10,190 | 14.7 | 21.9 | 21.9 | 20.3 | 14.6 | 12.0 | 9.8 | 24.7 |
| Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M) | 36,997 | 16.2 | 25.5 | 25.9 | 23.9 | 18.8 | 16.1 | 13.4 | 29.7 |
| Administrative and Support Service Activities (N) | 14,105 | 25.6 | 36.8 | 36.1 | 28.2 | 20.5 | 17.2 | 15.0 | 40.5 |
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93) | 4,260 | 31.6 | 41.0 | 40.9 | 38.8 | 30.0 | 24.5 | 24.1 | 48.0 |
| Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | 14,471 | 50.0 | 56.7 | 56.3 | 53.4 | 34.1 | 23.7 | 21.2 | 64.0 |
| All Sectors | 242,599 | 28.4 | 38.6 | 38.2 | 32.4 | 23.2 | 18.7 | 16.1 | 43.1 |
| Cultural and Creative Industries | 11,832 | 29.0 | 40.0 | 40.4 | 38.4 | 31.5 | 26.7 | 23.6 | 44.7 |
| Tourism Industries | 31,955 | 38.1 | 44.3 | 43.2 | 41.2 | 35.7 | 30.3 | 31.7 | 49.5 |
| 1Enterprises with all persons engaged availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) and/or have all associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| Table 2b Percentage of enterprises which had all associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment, March - September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises in sector | |||||||||
| Sector | Base population in sector | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Mining and Quarrying (B) | 330 | 9.7 | 17.0 | 15.5 | 10.0 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 17.3 |
| Manufacturing (C) | 14,425 | 23.9 | 30.9 | 29.9 | 23.5 | 14.0 | 10.4 | 9.0 | 32.2 |
| Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D) | 189 | 6.3 | 9.5 | 9.5 | 7.4 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 9.5 |
| Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities (E) | 851 | 8.3 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 10.7 | 7.2 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 13.6 |
| Construction (F) | 51,017 | 39.7 | 52.1 | 51.0 | 35.4 | 18.7 | 13.0 | 10.4 | 53.4 |
| Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G) | 41,896 | 20.0 | 25.8 | 25.2 | 20.3 | 11.8 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 26.9 |
| Transportation and Storage (H) | 23,775 | 41.6 | 47.6 | 46.1 | 43.2 | 36.5 | 30.9 | 29.8 | 49.0 |
| Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I) | 17,922 | 22.1 | 27.7 | 26.8 | 24.5 | 18.6 | 14.8 | 13.8 | 29.6 |
| Information and Communication (J) | 12,171 | 11.8 | 15.0 | 15.2 | 14.5 | 11.8 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 16.8 |
| Real Estate Activities (L) | 10,190 | 13.7 | 18.3 | 18.0 | 16.1 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 19.5 |
| Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M) | 36,997 | 14.7 | 19.4 | 19.3 | 17.6 | 12.8 | 10.5 | 9.5 | 21.1 |
| Administrative and Support Service Activities (N) | 14,105 | 24.5 | 32.2 | 31.1 | 23.0 | 15.6 | 12.4 | 11.0 | 33.7 |
| Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93) | 4,260 | 29.9 | 36.1 | 36.1 | 33.7 | 23.9 | 18.7 | 17.4 | 38.6 |
| Other Service Activities (S95, S96) | 14,471 | 49.4 | 55.8 | 55.4 | 52.2 | 25.9 | 14.8 | 13.6 | 57.8 |
| All Sectors | 242,599 | 27.3 | 34.4 | 33.6 | 27.6 | 17.6 | 13.4 | 11.9 | 35.8 |
| Cultural and Creative Industries | 11,832 | 27.6 | 34.6 | 34.6 | 32.8 | 25.8 | 21.1 | 18.9 | 37.1 |
| Tourism Industries | 31,955 | 37.6 | 43.4 | 42.2 | 40.1 | 33.6 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 45.1 |
| 1Enterprises with all associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| Table 3a Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by selected NACE Rev.2 activity, March-September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises in NACE Rev.2 activity | |||||||||
| NACE Rev.2 activity | Base population in activity | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Hairdressing and other beauty treatment (S9602) | 8,899 | 77.5 | 82.0 | 81.6 | 81.3 | 54.6 | 41.2 | 36.2 | 83.7 |
| Sale of cars and light motor vehicles (G4511) | 1,591 | 62.5 | 77.5 | 77.6 | 72.3 | 61.9 | 56.6 | 41.6 | 78.8 |
| Building completion and finishing (F433) | 18,819 | 59.0 | 74.0 | 73.2 | 56.2 | 33.9 | 25.7 | 19.9 | 75.4 |
| Restaurants and mobile food service activities (I5610) | 7,553 | 68.2 | 73.1 | 70.8 | 67.2 | 60.9 | 56.6 | 52.1 | 75.1 |
| Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores (G4771) | 2,110 | 65.2 | 70.5 | 70.7 | 69.7 | 56.5 | 52.4 | 44.6 | 72.6 |
| Beverage serving activities (I5630) | 5,989 | 66.3 | 71.0 | 71.2 | 70.6 | 67.9 | 65.2 | 63.5 | 72.7 |
| Hotels and similar accommodation (I5510) | 1,391 | 65.7 | 69.0 | 69.5 | 68.6 | 67.1 | 65.1 | 64.3 | 70.6 |
| Taxi operations (H4932) | 14,016 | 59.1 | 65.4 | 63.9 | 61.7 | 54.5 | 46.4 | 45.5 | 66.9 |
| Retail sale in non-specialised stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating (G4711) | 3,623 | 47.0 | 54.8 | 54.6 | 52.3 | 46.2 | 42.0 | 38.7 | 57.7 |
| Dispensing chemist in specialised stores (G4773) | 1,472 | 27.9 | 40.4 | 42.7 | 41.4 | 35.1 | 31.3 | 27.1 | 48.2 |
| Computer programming, consultancy and related activities (J620) | 7,848 | 15.7 | 25.3 | 26.5 | 25.7 | 22.1 | 20.3 | 17.5 | 30.1 |
| Renting and operating of own or leased real estate (L6820) | 7,573 | 17.3 | 23.4 | 23.3 | 21.1 | 15.8 | 13.2 | 11.2 | 25.1 |
| 1Enterprises availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) and/or have associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| Table 3b Percentage of enterprises which had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by selected NACE Rev.2 activity, March-September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises in NACE Rev.2 activity | |||||||||
| NACE Rev.2 activity | Base population in activity | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Hairdressing and other beauty treatment (S9602) | 8,899 | 77.2 | 81.7 | 81.3 | 81.0 | 41.5 | 22.5 | 21.4 | 83.4 |
| Sale of cars and light motor vehicles (G4511) | 1,591 | 57.1 | 65.6 | 64.8 | 56.9 | 42.1 | 35.6 | 32.8 | 67.7 |
| Building completion and finishing (F433) | 18,819 | 58.4 | 71.9 | 71.0 | 52.7 | 28.9 | 20.5 | 16.9 | 73.4 |
| Restaurants and mobile food service activities (I5610) | 7,553 | 67.5 | 72.1 | 68.9 | 64.4 | 54.4 | 47.0 | 44.5 | 73.8 |
| Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores (G4771) | 2,110 | 63.8 | 67.5 | 67.0 | 65.6 | 41.0 | 34.3 | 31.4 | 70.0 |
| Beverage serving activities (I5630) | 5,989 | 65.4 | 69.8 | 69.9 | 69.1 | 65.0 | 59.9 | 57.5 | 71.5 |
| Hotels and similar accommodation (I5510) | 1,391 | 65.4 | 67.9 | 68.1 | 67.2 | 64.9 | 61.0 | 59.6 | 68.8 |
| Taxi operations (H4932) | 14,016 | 59.0 | 65.3 | 63.7 | 61.6 | 54.2 | 46.1 | 45.1 | 66.7 |
| Retail sale in non-specialised stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating (G4711) | 3,623 | 46.0 | 52.7 | 52.3 | 50.0 | 42.7 | 38.4 | 36.4 | 55.5 |
| Dispensing chemist in specialised stores (G4773) | 1,472 | 26.6 | 36.6 | 37.2 | 36.6 | 31.4 | 28.0 | 26.3 | 43.5 |
| Computer programming, consultancy and related activities (J620) | 7,848 | 14.1 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 18.3 | 15.5 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 22.3 |
| Renting and operating of own or leased real estate (L6820) | 7,573 | 16.8 | 21.6 | 21.2 | 19.0 | 13.5 | 11.0 | 9.9 | 23.0 |
| 1Enterprises having associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| Table 3c Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme by selected NACE Rev.2 activity, March-September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises in NACE Rev.2 activity | |||||||||
| NACE Rev.2 activity | Base population in activity | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Hairdressing and other beauty treatment (S9602) | 8,899 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 24.7 | 25.0 | 20.1 | 28.8 |
| Sale of cars and light motor vehicles (G4511) | 1,591 | 13.6 | 37.4 | 45.3 | 46.3 | 42.8 | 39.0 | 16.0 | 50.7 |
| Building completion and finishing (F433) | 18,819 | 1.5 | 5.9 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 4.1 | 11.3 |
| Restaurants and mobile food service activities (I5610) | 7,553 | 7.9 | 15.1 | 21.3 | 26.2 | 35.1 | 34.6 | 27.3 | 40.4 |
| Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores (G4771) | 2,110 | 9.1 | 17.6 | 19.6 | 34.6 | 35.8 | 35.0 | 24.8 | 42.4 |
| Beverage serving activities (I5630) | 5,989 | 10.3 | 14.4 | 16.0 | 17.6 | 26.2 | 27.1 | 32.7 | 37.6 |
| Hotels and similar accommodation (I5510) | 1,391 | 12.7 | 38.8 | 40.6 | 44.2 | 51.5 | 51.8 | 50.4 | 55.9 |
| Taxi operations (H4932) | 14,016 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
| Retail sale in non-specialised stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating (G4711) | 3,623 | 3.9 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.2 | 10.8 | 7.5 | 17.1 |
| Dispensing chemist in specialised stores (G4773) | 1,472 | 2.9 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 12.0 | 9.2 | 7.1 | 2.5 | 15.5 |
| Computer programming, consultancy and related activities (J620) | 7,848 | 2.4 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 11.1 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 5.8 | 13.4 |
| Renting and operating of own or leased real estate (L6820) | 7,573 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 5.2 |
| 1Enterprises availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| Table 4 Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by enterprise type, March-September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises | |||||||||
| Enterprise type | Base population in enterprise | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Domestic | 238,426 | 45.3 | 57.0 | 56.6 | 50.3 | 39.5 | 34.1 | 28.9 | 59.3 |
| Foreign | 4,173 | 39.9 | 54.3 | 55.9 | 55.2 | 51.7 | 49.3 | 45.3 | 60.3 |
| Office based | 73,463 | 27.5 | 39.1 | 39.4 | 36.4 | 30.0 | 26.7 | 22.5 | 42.2 |
| Non-office based | 169,136 | 53.0 | 64.7 | 64.1 | 56.5 | 43.9 | 37.7 | 32.1 | 66.8 |
| Modern | 14,241 | 24.5 | 35.5 | 36.4 | 35.6 | 31.2 | 28.4 | 24.4 | 40.0 |
| Traditional | 228,358 | 46.5 | 58.3 | 57.9 | 51.3 | 40.2 | 34.8 | 29.5 | 60.5 |
| 1Enterprises availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) and/or have associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| Table 5 Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by county, March-September 2020 | |||||||||
| % of enterprises in county | |||||||||
| County | Base population in county | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | March-September1 |
| No. | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Carlow | 2,783 | 47.7 | 60.1 | 59.4 | 52.0 | 40.9 | 34.9 | 28.8 | 62.4 |
| Cavan | 3,880 | 46.4 | 58.5 | 57.7 | 49.9 | 38.0 | 32.4 | 26.3 | 60.2 |
| Clare | 6,274 | 44.9 | 56.2 | 55.7 | 48.7 | 37.7 | 32.3 | 27.1 | 58.4 |
| Cork | 27,066 | 43.3 | 55.4 | 55.0 | 47.6 | 36.5 | 31.1 | 25.4 | 57.7 |
| County not available2 | 3,255 | 24.8 | 37.4 | 38.3 | 34.9 | 29.9 | 27.4 | 21.7 | 40.9 |
| Donegal | 7,934 | 50.5 | 60.9 | 60.1 | 52.5 | 39.4 | 33.0 | 28.0 | 62.7 |
| Dublin | 70,349 | 43.1 | 55.2 | 55.1 | 51.3 | 42.8 | 38.1 | 33.8 | 58.0 |
| Galway | 13,410 | 45.7 | 57.4 | 57.3 | 50.7 | 39.9 | 34.0 | 28.6 | 59.5 |
| Kerry | 8,548 | 48.5 | 59.6 | 59.4 | 51.8 | 40.0 | 33.9 | 28.9 | 61.8 |
| Kildare | 10,465 | 46.3 | 59.0 | 58.7 | 51.5 | 39.4 | 34.7 | 29.8 | 61.3 |
| Kilkenny | 4,431 | 46.8 | 59.1 | 57.9 | 49.9 | 38.2 | 32.4 | 26.8 | 61.1 |
| Laois | 3,136 | 46.2 | 58.0 | 57.1 | 49.2 | 36.6 | 32.1 | 25.9 | 60.2 |
| Leitrim | 1,917 | 43.6 | 54.0 | 53.8 | 47.9 | 35.5 | 29.2 | 25.1 | 56.2 |
| Limerick | 8,847 | 44.7 | 56.0 | 55.4 | 49.7 | 39.4 | 34.3 | 28.6 | 58.3 |
| Longford | 1,928 | 48.0 | 58.7 | 58.3 | 49.9 | 38.1 | 31.7 | 25.7 | 60.8 |
| Louth | 6,176 | 50.9 | 63.2 | 62.8 | 56.9 | 44.2 | 37.8 | 32.0 | 65.1 |
| Mayo | 7,032 | 45.9 | 55.8 | 55.5 | 48.8 | 37.5 | 31.9 | 26.1 | 57.9 |
| Meath | 9,695 | 48.7 | 60.2 | 59.8 | 52.3 | 40.3 | 34.6 | 29.1 | 62.5 |
| Monaghan | 3,209 | 50.0 | 63.0 | 61.9 | 55.0 | 42.2 | 35.3 | 28.8 | 65.4 |
| Offaly | 3,345 | 48.9 | 61.9 | 61.3 | 52.1 | 39.6 | 34.6 | 28.6 | 64.0 |
| Roscommon | 3,049 | 43.8 | 55.6 | 54.7 | 46.6 | 34.7 | 28.8 | 23.3 | 57.3 |
| Sligo | 3,167 | 47.7 | 56.5 | 56.3 | 49.4 | 37.5 | 32.5 | 28.4 | 58.8 |
| Tipperary | 7,781 | 45.2 | 56.2 | 55.3 | 47.7 | 36.3 | 31.1 | 25.3 | 58.5 |
| Waterford | 5,147 | 48.4 | 58.8 | 58.3 | 51.3 | 39.3 | 33.2 | 27.1 | 60.7 |
| Westmeath | 4,436 | 48.1 | 59.3 | 59.0 | 51.4 | 39.8 | 34.4 | 28.3 | 61.5 |
| Wexford | 7,619 | 50.3 | 61.3 | 60.6 | 50.9 | 37.5 | 32.0 | 26.3 | 63.3 |
| Wicklow | 7,720 | 44.9 | 56.9 | 56.8 | 49.6 | 37.9 | 31.8 | 26.9 | 59.2 |
| Total | 242,599 | 45.3 | 57.0 | 56.6 | 50.4 | 39.7 | 34.4 | 29.2 | 59.3 |
| 1Enterprises availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) and/or have associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March to September 2020. | |||||||||
| 2See Background Notes for further information. | |||||||||
The ‘Business Signs of Life’ series has been created by the CSO to examine changes in the Irish Business Economy during the COVID-19 pandemic using available administrative data sources, which can provide more timely indications than traditional statistical sources. Annual statistics on the business population are generally published with a time lag of 18 months after the reference year. The reason for this time lag is that figures on active enterprises depend on processed tax return data supplied to the Revenue Commissioners, which businesses have 11 months after the reference year to submit – for example, the 2018 Business Demography results were published in July 2020. However, changes in business activity have taken place more abruptly during 2020 and timelier statistical measures are needed.
Series One of ‘Business Signs of Life’ reports on the interaction between employment-related payments and business activity, from March to September 2020. This series examines the enterprise business sectors which have been most impacted by the pandemic and its associated restrictions. The results represent exploratory data matching and analysis by the CSO based on data from the following sources:
CSO Central Business Register
The CSO's Central Business Register is a register of all active enterprises in the State. New enterprises are identified by VAT, Employer, Corporation Tax and Income Tax registrations. The following sources (same as identifiers to identify new enterprises except for VAT) are used to determine if an enterprise is active during the reference year:
Generally, there is a time lag of 18 months when determining enterprise activity. Therefore, the base population for this release is 2018.
Revenue PAYE Modernisation
PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) has been operational for all employers in the State since the beginning of 2019. Under this system, employers are required to report their employee’s pay and deductions in real-time to Revenue each time they operate payroll. Information is provided to Revenue at individual payslip level and pseudonymised data is available to the CSO.
Revenue Temporary Wage Subsidy Scheme and Employment Wage Subsidy Scheme
Revenue operated the Temporary Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS) from 26 March 2020 to 31 August 2020. The TWSS was available to employers who kept their employees on the payroll throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The TWSS ended on 31 August 2020 and was replaced by the Employment Wage Subsidy Scheme (EWSS).
The EWSS is an economy-wide enterprise support that focuses primarily on business eligibility. The scheme provides a flat-rate subsidy to qualifying employers based on the number of eligible employees on the employer’s payroll and gross pay to employees. The data for both the TWSS and EWSS is at individual level and a pseudonymised version is available to the CSO.
Department of Social Protection Pandemic Unemployment Payment
The COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) is a support for employees and self-employed who have lost their employment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The PUP is paid every Tuesday and weekly data on an individual level is made available to CSO. The data is matched to existing data sources to ascertain the enterprise that the individual was associated with prior to the pandemic.
Sectoral
The sectors of economic activity included in the survey were determined in accordance with the NACE Rev. 2 classification scheme, which is the European Commission’s classification system for economic activity. The NACE Rev. 2 sectors included in the survey were as follows:
Sector B: Mining and quarrying
Sector C: Manufacturing
Sector D: Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
Sector E: Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
Sector F: Construction
Sector G: Wholesale and retail trade; Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Sector H: Transportation and storage
Sector I: Accommodation and food service activities
Sector J: Information and communication
Sector K: Financial and insurance activities
Sector L: Real estate activities
Sector M: Professional, scientific and technical activities
Sector N: Administrative and support service activities
Sector R: Arts, entertainment and recreation
Sector S: Other service activities
Tourism Industries
For this release, Tourism Industries is derived from a list of NACE Rev. 2 activities developed by Eurostat. This list comprises of:
H4910 Passenger rail transport, interurban
H4932 Taxi operation
H4939 Other passenger land transport n.e.c.
H5010 Sea and coastal passenger water transport
H5030 Inland passenger water transport
H5110 Passenger air transport
I5510 Hotels and similar accommodation
I5520 Holiday and other short-stay accommodation
I5530 Camping grounds, recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks
I5610 Restaurants and mobile food service activities
I5630 Beverage serving activities
N7710 Renting and leasing of cars and trucks
N7721 Renting and leasing of recreational and sports goods
N7910 Travel agency and tour operator activities
N7990 Other reservation service and related activities
Cultural and Creative Industries
For this release, Cultural and Creative Industries is derived from a list of NACE Rev. 2 activities developed by Eurostat. This list comprises of:
C18 Printing and reproduction of recorded media
C3212 Manufacture of jewellery and related articles
C322 Manufacture of musical instruments
G4761 Retail sale of books in specialised stores
G4762 Retail sale of newspapers and stationary in specialised stores
J5811 Book publishing
J5813 Publishing of newspapers
J5814 Publishing of journals and periodicals
J5821 Publishing of computer games
J59 Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities
J60 Programming and broadcasting activities
J6391 News agency activities
M7111 Architectural activities
M741 Specialised design activities
M742 Photographic activities
M743 Translation and interpretation activities
N7722 Renting of video tapes and disks
R90 Creative, arts and entertainment activities
R91 Libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities
Broad NACE groupings
| Sector | NACE Rev. 2 Category |
| Non-office-based | B-I, R-S |
| Office-based | F |
| Domestic | Enterprises with foreign control <=50% |
| Foreign | Enterprises with foreign control >50% |
| Modern | 18, 20-21, 26-27, 3250, 58-59, 61-63 |
| Traditional | All other NACE Rev. 2 categories |
The geographical breakdown for enterprises is an approximation. The county breakdown is based on the address at which an enterprise is registered for Revenue purposes rather than where the business operates from, because no comprehensive administrative data source is currently available for locations.
Enterprises where the region is categorised as "County not available" has either an incomplete address or a Revenue registered address outside the Republic of Ireland but are active on Revenue within the State. The address given at registration with Revenue is the registered address used in the Central Business Register unless amended at a later date due to enterprise profiling activities within the CSO. In some cases, these registered addresses may outside the Republic of Ireland, but they are counted as active within the Republic of Ireland due to either employment, income tax or corporation tax returns.
Hide Background Notes
Scan the QR code below to view this release online or go to
http://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/fr/bslss/businesssignsoflifeseriesonestatesupport/
Show Table 1a Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by sector, March-September 2020
Hide Table 1a Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by sector, March-September 2020