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Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland Series 8

There were 67,448 arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland by 11 December 2022, of which just over 1,100 arrived the previous week

CSO statistical publication, , 11am
A CSO Frontier Series Output

This publication is categorised as a CSO Frontier Series Output. Particular care must be taken when interpreting the statistics in this release as it may use new methods which are under development and/or data sources which may be incomplete, for example new administrative data sources. 

Key Findings

  • As of the week ending 11 December 2022 there have been 67,448 Personal Public Service Numbers (PPSNs) issued to individuals from Ukraine under the Temporary Protection Directive.

  • Of the arrivals from Ukraine, 87% showed activity in administrative data after 30 September 2022, based on data currently available to the Central Statistics Office (CSO).

  • Women and men, aged 20 and over, account for 46% and 20% respectively of arrivals to date, while individuals aged 0-19 (both male and female) make up for 34% of arrivals. Of all arrivals to date aged 18 and over, 62% of males and 47% of females were married or cohabiting.

  • There were 13,619 arrivals enrolled in further education and training courses on 01 December 2022, of which 11,648 enrolled in further education English language courses.

  • As of 11 December 2022, 69% (or 16,785 persons) of the arrivals that attended employment support events arranged by Intreo Public Employment Services, noted that English language proficiency was a challenge in securing employment.

  • Of the 24,164 arrivals who attended an Intreo event, 14,674 had recorded previous occupations, with Professionals being the largest group at 32%. Of the 19,103 persons where the highest level of education was recorded, 65% had achieved an NFQ level equivalent to 7 or higher.

Statistician's Comment

Commenting on the release, Karola Graupner, Statistician, said: â€œThis Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland release is the eighth in a series of releases by the Central Statistics Office (CSO) providing insights into Ireland’s response to the Ukrainian crisis. This release includes an analysis of Ukrainian arrivals who are availing of support and services from the Department of Social Protection, as well as providing insights into primary and secondary school enrolments overseen by the Department of Education and enrolments in further education and training based on data provided by SOLAS. Also included is an experimental measure of arrivals from Ukraine that were still administratively active after 30 September 2022, incorporating PAYE Modernisation (PMOD), Department of Social Protection and SOLAS data. Furthermore, data on barriers to work, previous and current employment and education level is included in the release."

Further commenting on the release, Karola Graupner, Statistician, said: "There are two maps in this release based on mapping 64,168 individuals, or 95% of arrivals, to a location within Ireland. These maps are based on the local post office address as per the process through which arrivals were seeking assistance from the Department of Social Protection or, if available, the arrivals' residential address where an Accommodation Recognition Payment is payable to the host of the residence. The first map is a count of arrivals by Local Electoral Area (LEA), and the second is the rate of arrivals by LEA (per 100 of the preliminary Census 2022 de facto population). Killarney in Co. Kerry had the highest number of associated arrivals from Ukraine at 2,019.

Our analysis also shows that the rate per 100 of the population ranges across all LEAs in the country from 0.09% to 9.51%. The LEA with the highest rate was Ennistimon in Co. Clare."

Editor's Note

In response to the situation, the CSO provides statistics related to the Ukrainian crisis to an inter-Departmental group called the Senior Officials Group. The statistics include a weekly Department of Social Protection (DSP) extract which the CSO receives every Monday. Some of the aggregate data provided to the Group this week features in the release issued today (19 December 2022). This release is also a follow-up to Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland Series 7.

As well as the strict legal protections set out in the Statistics Act, 1993, and other existing regulations, the CSO is committed to protecting individual privacy and all identifiable information from each of the data sources used in our analysis, such as name, date of birth and addresses, are removed before use and only anonymised statistical aggregates are produced. For further information on the data sources, linking procedures and definitions of this report, see Background Notes.

The Temporary Protection Directive (2001/55 EC) was activated on the 04 March 2022 by EU Council Decision EU 2022/382, to provide immediate protection in EU countries for people displaced by the Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on the 24 February 2022. This publication examines and analyses the population cohort that availed of the temporary protection and received a PPSN. Therefore, the figures quoted should be interpreted as estimates of the numbers arriving from Ukraine. For example, the number of persons who have arrived from Ukraine may not have received a PPSN yet, while the figures may also include those who received a PPSN earlier in the crisis but who are no longer resident in the State.

To avail of the Temporary Protection Directive and to reside in Ireland, an Arrival from Ukraine must meet the following criteria:

a) A Ukrainian national who was residing in Ukraine before 24 February 2022.

b) A national of a third country (other than Ukraine) or stateless person who would have benefited from international protection (for example: Refugee Status) or an equivalent national protection status in Ukraine and were residing there before 24 February 2022.

c) A family member* of persons covered by a) and b) above, where the family already existed in Ukraine at the time of events leading to the mass influx prior to 24 February 2022.

*Family members include a spouse or partner, unmarried minor children of either of them, and their other close dependent family relatives who have been living with them as part of the family unit.

Temporary protection also applies to people who were residing in Ukraine before 24 February 2022 with a permanent Ukrainian residence permit, who cannot safely return to their country of origin.

Please note the relationship table included in previous publications of the Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland series is not part of this publication. An experimental methodology was derived to determine relationships between arrivals, but the primary reason that relationship data was captured by DSP was to determine the number of children or adults eligible for additional allowances connected with the primary welfare claim. As this is not necessarily a good descriptor of actual family groups the relationship table will no longer be included in the series. However, a new table on marital status is included.

Tables and Maps

Figure 1 shows the total cumulative number of arrivals (based on PPSN allocations) from Ukraine to Ireland for the week ending 11 December 2022 was 67,448. This is a 2% increase compared to the cumulative count one week earlier and a 6% increase compared to four weeks earlier. 

Figure 1: PPSN allocations (cumulative) to arrivals from Ukraine
Table 1: PPSN allocations (cumulative) to arrivals from Ukraine by week

Based on the 67,448 arrivals, 95% or 64,168 individuals could be mapped to an LEA. The LEA mapping of arrivals is based on either the local post office address through which refugees were seeking assistance from the Department of Social Protection or, if available, the arrivals' residential address where an Accommodation Recognition Payment (ARP) is payable to the host of the residence. The post office address is used as a tentative proxy for place of residence where ARP data is not present. Map 1 presents the count for the week ending 11 December 2022 by LEA for the 64,168 mapped records. LEAs with lighter colours correspond with lower counts while the darker areas correspond with LEA with higher counts. Users can hover their mouse over the map to see the name of the LEA and the associated count. Users can also zoom in on the map to see some of the LEAs that are smaller in geographical area. 

Map 1: Number of arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland based on PPSN allocations as of 11 December 2022

Table 2 shows the age and sex breakdown of arrivals as of 11 December 2022. We see that women and men, aged 20 and over, account for 46% and 20% respectively of this cohort to date, while individuals aged 0-19 (both male and female) account for 34%. 

Table 2: Number of arrivals (cumulative) from Ukraine based on PPSN allocations by week, sex and age at entry

Again using the same approach as described for Map 1 above, Map 2 shows the arrival rate (%) by LEA (per 100 of the preliminary Census 2022 de facto population) as of 11 December 2022. The rate ranges from 0.09% to 9.51% in LEAs across the country.

Map 2: Arrivals from Ukraine (based on PPSN allocations) as a percentage of the preliminary Census 2022 de facto population as of 11 December 2022

 * Preliminary de facto population from the 2022 Census. 

While PPSN allocations give the total number of arrivals from Ukraine under the Temporary Protection Directive, it is not necessarily indicative of how many persons are currently residing in Ireland as some arrivals may have subsequently left. 

Experimental Tables 3 & 4 below give an indication if arrivals from Ukraine have stayed or left Ireland by examining activity in administrative data. Attending an Intreo event, picking up a welfare payment from a post office, starting a SOLAS course, getting paid for employment, having a Revenue Payroll Notification or changing ones address with DSP are taken as signs of activity. For children, the activity status is dependent on that of their parent(s)/guardian(s).

Subject to revision, 1,915 persons had such an activity in the available data during October 2022, while an additional 56,920 persons had activity in the selected administrative data sources after 31 October 2022. Combing these two groups together, 87% of persons had recent administrative data activity, i.e., activity after the 30 September 2022, also see Background Notes.

The rate of administrative activity after 31 August 2022 could be underestimated as it is based on the administrative data currently available to the CSO. The availability of more real-time data to the CSO will help provide more up to date statistics in this series going forward.

For further information on the data sources, linking procedures and definitions of this report, see Background Notes. 

Table 3: Last activity by PPSN allocation for individuals aged 18 and over and children under 18

Table 4: Last administrative activity by age group and sex

As of 11 December 2022, 7,999 arrivals from Ukraine are living in private accommodations, where 3,820 hosts are in receipt of Accommodation Recognition Payment for accommodating people from Ukraine. Additional information on hosts and arrivals, such as age bands and sex, can be found in Table 5.

Table 5: Number of hosts currently in receipt of Accommodation Recognition Payment and arrivals from Ukraine living in accommodation provided by these hosts

Table 6 focuses on active welfare claims broken down by 'Working Age Income Supports', 'Child Benefits' and 'Other'. Please note that data is preliminary and subject to change as additional data becomes available, particularly for the most recent week reported.

Table 6: Active welfare claims by week to arrivals from Ukraine, 2022

Table 7 shows that for the 9,802 persons with earnings from employment, the mean weekly earnings in November 2022 were €421 (based on CSO methodology - see 'Background Notes'). The most common sector of employment was Wholesale, Transport and Accommodation at 51%. 

(NOTE: for official statistics on earnings data please see the Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey (EHECS) and Earnings Analysis using Administrative Data Sources 2020 (EAADS).) 

Table 8 shows changes in employments, where a person can have more than one employment.

Table 7: Number of arrivals from Ukraine with earnings from employment, by month, as of 11 December 2022

Table 8: Employments with earnings of arrivals from Ukraine, by month, as of 11 December 2022 by NACE sector

Since 11 April 2022, Intreo Public Employment Services (of the DSP) have been arranging employment support events for arrivals from Ukraine and, as of 11 December 2022, those events have been attended by 24,164 arrivals.

The previous occupation of those arrivals from Ukraine are shown in Table 9. â€˜Professionals’ were the largest broad group among the classification listed of the 14,674 persons having recorded work history, with 32% (or 4,628 persons).

Of the persons that attended Intreo events, 69% were noted with English language proficiency being a challenge in securing employment, see Table 10.

Of the 19,103 persons where the highest level of education was recorded, 65% had achieved an NFQ level equivalent to 7 or higher, see Table 11.

Table 9: Previous occupation of arrivals from Ukraine attending Intreo events, as of 11 December 2022

Table 10: Arrivals from Ukraine attending Intreo events with assessed barriers to employment, as of 11 December 2022

Table 11: Highest education level of arrivals from Ukraine attending Intreo events, as of 11 December 2022

The marital status of arrivals from Ukraine is shown in Table 12. Of all arrivals to date aged 18 and over, 62% of males and 47% of females were married or cohabiting.

Table 12: Marital status of arrivals from Ukraine (cumulative) aged 18 and over by age group, as of 11 December 2022

Table 13 shows that as of 12 December 2022, 13,527 arrivals from Ukraine have enrolled in schools in the academic year 2022/23, with 64% of these in primary schools and the remaining 36% in secondary schools. Dublin has the highest number of children enrolled in schools at 1,893 while Monaghan had the lowest at 78. 

Table 14a focuses on primary school enrolments by classes while Table 14b provides a breakdown on secondary school enrolments by year within the junior and senior cycles.

In this release, of the 13,527 arrivals from Ukraine that enrolled in schools, 2,330 had their PPSN registered on or after the 08 August 2022 and were successfully linked to Department of Social Protection administrative data using a pseudonymised Protected Identifier Key (PIK). For further information on the data sources, linking procedures and definitions of this report, see Background Notes. Table 15 shows that  average time between the allocation of a PPSN on or after the 08 August 2022 to enrolment in primary or secondary school was just over two weeks. 

Table 16 shows a breakdown of the school enrolments by age as of 12 December 2022.

Table 13: Enrolments in primary and secondary education of arrivals from Ukraine by county, for the academic year 2022/2023

Table 14a: Enrolments in primary education by class as of 12 December 2022
Table 14b: Enrolments in secondary education by year as of 12 December 2022
Table 15: Mean number of weeks between PPSN registration and school enrolment by week of PPSN registration

Table 16: Breakdown of enrolments in primary and secondary education by age

Table 17 shows there were 13,619 arrivals enrolled in further education and training courses on the 01 December, of which 11,648 enrolled in further education English language courses.

Table 17: Enrolments in further education