This release is categorised as a CSO Frontier Series Output. Particular care must be taken when interpreting the statistics in this release as it may use new methods which are under development and/or data sources which may be incomplete, for example, new administrative data sources.
Previous iterations of the 'Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland' series of releases focused on the cumulative total of Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection (BoTP). Series 16 focuses on the estimated cohort present in the country, using experimental methodology based on recent activity in administrative data as an indicator to whether individuals are still present in the State. This recent administrative activity count is deemed more appropriate as some arrivals may have subsequently left the State. As of 03 June 2025, the population count with recent administrative data activity after 31 March 2025 was 80,031, while the cumulative total of BoTPs to date was 113,917.
Note that the 113,917 figure refers to the cumulative total of arrivals from Ukraine, and who were issued a Personal Public Service Number (PPSN). This figure does not include 2,930 individuals that were assigned PPSNs and were once recorded as BoTPs but have since had their BoTP status changed. BoTP status can change for various reasons, e.g., where an individual can voluntarily withdraw their BoTP status, including when an individual informs the relevant authorities that they are returning to Ukraine or moving to another European country to apply for BoTP status there. BoTP and related figures will continue to be reviewed by the Central Statistics Office in the context of future releases in the Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland series.
As of 03 June 2025, of the 113,917 Personal Public Service Numbers (PPSNs) issued to Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection (BoTP) from Ukraine, 70% or 80,031 had activity in administrative data after 31 March 2025, based on data currently available to the Central Statistics Office (CSO).
Of the 80,031 individuals, women and men aged 20 years and over, made up 46% and 26% respectively of arrivals to date, while 29% were people aged under 20 years. Of all arrivals to date aged 18 years and over, 63% of males and 50% of females were married or cohabiting.
In May 2025, 26,474 arrivals had earnings from employment, where their mean weekly earnings were €538. The most common sector of employment was in Wholesale, Transport & Accommodation at 43%.
As of 03 June 2025, 50,111 arrivals had attended an employment support event arranged by Intreo Public Employment Services. Of those, 54% (or 27,183 people) noted that English language proficiency was a challenge in securing employment.
Of the 50,111 arrivals that attended an Intreo event, 22,353 had recorded previous occupations, with Professionals being the largest group at 30% (or 6,793 people). Of the 31,877 people where the highest level of education was recorded, 59% had achieved a qualification equivalent to NFQ level 7 or higher.
There were 12,470 arrivals enrolled in further education and training courses on 01 June 2025, of which 9,704 were enrolled in further education English language courses.
The Temporary Protection Directive (2001/55 EC) was activated on the 04 March 2022 by EU Council Decision EU 2022/382, to provide immediate protection in EU countries for people displaced by the Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on 24 February 2022. This publication examines and analyses the population cohort that availed of the temporary protection and received a PPSN. Therefore, the figures quoted should be interpreted as estimates of the numbers arriving from Ukraine. For example, the number of persons who have arrived from Ukraine may not have received a PPSN yet, while the figures may also include those who received a PPSN earlier in the crisis but who are no longer resident in the State.
To avail of the Temporary Protection Directive and to reside in Ireland, an Arrival from Ukraine must meet the following criteria:
a) A Ukrainian national who was residing in Ukraine before 24 February 2022.
b) A national of a third country (other than Ukraine) or stateless person who would have benefited from international protection (for example: Refugee Status) or an equivalent national protection status in Ukraine and were residing there before 24 February 2022.
c) A family member* of persons covered by a) and b) above, where the family already existed in Ukraine at the time of events leading to the mass influx prior to 24 February 2022.
*Family members include a spouse or partner, unmarried minor children of either of them, and their other close dependent family relatives who have been living with them as part of the family unit.
Temporary protection also applies to people who were residing in Ukraine before 24 February 2022 with a permanent Ukrainian residence permit, who cannot safely return to their country of origin.
In experimental Tables 1 and 2 below an indication is included on whether arrivals from Ukraine may have stayed or left Ireland, by examining activity in administrative data. In earlier releases of this series a criterion of picking up a welfare payment from a post office was included as an indication of administrative activity. Since Series 10, this criterion has been updated to an individual having a welfare payment date, and so enhancing the measure of activity in administrative data.
Table 1 shows the age and sex breakdown of arrivals as of 03 June 2025. Of the 80,031 individuals with activity in administrative data after 31 March 2025, women and men aged 20 and over, account for 46% and 26% respectively of this cohort to date, while individuals aged 0-19 (both male and female) account for 29%.
While PPSN allocations give the total number of arrivals from Ukraine under the Temporary Protection Directive, it is not necessarily indicative of how many persons are currently residing in Ireland as some arrivals may have subsequently left.
Experimental Tables 1 & 2 below give an indication on whether arrivals from Ukraine have stayed or left Ireland by examining activity in administrative data. Attending an Intreo event, having a welfare payment date, starting a SOLAS course, being a parent/guardian of a child in the National Childcare Scheme (NCS) or Early Childhood Care and Education Programme (ECCE) Scheme, getting paid for employment, having an active employment or changing ones address with DSP are taken as signs of activity. For children, the activity status is dependent on that of their parent(s)/guardian(s).
Subject to revision, 710 persons had such an activity in the available data during April 2025, while an additional 79,321 persons had activity in the selected administrative data sources after 30 April 2025. Combining these two groups together, 70% of BoTPs had recent administrative data activity, i.e., activity after the 31 March 2025, also see Background Notes.
The rate of administrative activity after 31 March 2025 is an estimate as it is based on the administrative data currently available to the CSO. The availability of more real-time data to the CSO will help provide more up to date statistics in this series going forward.
| Date | Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection from Ukraine to date | Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection with recent activity in administrative data | % of BoTPs with recent activity in administrative data |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06 June 2023 | 84613 | 71420 | 84 |
| 08 October 2023 | 96338 | 79019 | 82 |
| 04 February 2024 | 104870 | 81950 | 78 |
| 02 June 2024 | 107406 | 81229 | 76 |
| 29 September 2024 | 109566 | 82051 | 75 |
| 02 February 2025 | 112189 | 79830 | 71 |
| 03 June 2025 | 113917 | 80031 | 70 |
Based on the 80,031 arrivals with recent activity in administrative data, 98% or 78,288 individuals could be mapped to an LEA. The LEA mapping of arrivals is based on either the local post office address through which arrivals were seeking assistance from the Department of Social Protection or, if available, the arrivals' residential address where an Accommodation Recognition Payment (ARP) is payable to the host of the residence. The post office address is used as a tentative proxy for place of residence where ARP data is not present. The 78,288 mapped records for the 03 June 2025 are shown on Map 1. Users can hover their mouse over the map to see the name of the LEA and the number of arrivals from Ukraine in the LEA. Zooming in on the map will show data for the smaller sized LEAs.
Again using the same approach as described for Map 1 above, Map 2 shows the arrival rate (%) by LEA (per 100 of the Census 2022 de facto population) as of 03 June 2025. The rate ranges from 0.22% to 6.99% in LEAs across the country.
Figure 2 shows the total number of Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection (based on PPSN allocations) from Ukraine to Ireland on the 01 June 2025 was 113,917. This is a 0.4% increase compared to four weeks earlier (04 May 2025).
As of 03 June 2025, 39,734 arrivals from Ukraine were living in private accommodations, where 17,097 hosts were in receipt of Accommodation Recognition Payment (ARP) for accommodating people from Ukraine. Additional information on hosts and arrivals, such as age bands and sex, can be found in Table 4.
On 08 July 2025 the reported number of arrivals from Ukraine that were living in local authorities/IRC/DCEDIY pledged accommodation was revised. The original figure of 13,575 was updated to 23,948.
The figures for ARP may also include accommodation obtained via the 'Offer a Home' scheme, Irish Red Cross (IRC) pledges and privately arranged accommodation. ARP is available to any host that applies. As of 05 June 2025, 23,948 arrivals from Ukraine were living in local authorities/IRC/DCEDIY pledged accommodation of which 10,373 were living in accommodation under the 'Offer a Home' scheme.
Tables 5 and 6 focus on active welfare claims broken down by 'Working Age Income Supports', 'Child Benefits' and 'Other'. Please note that data are preliminary and subject to change as additional data becomes available, particularly for the most recent week reported.
Table 7 shows that for the 26,474 persons with earnings from employment, the mean weekly earnings in May 2025 were €538 (based on CSO methodology - see Background Notes). The most common sector of employment was Wholesale, Transport and Accommodation at 43%. Of those employed, 57%, or 15,101 were female, while 43%, or 11,373, were male. 17% of those employed were under 25 years of age.
(NOTE: for official statistics on earnings data please see Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2024 (Final) Q1 2025 (Preliminary Estimates).)
Table 8 shows changes in employments, where a person can have more than one employment.
| Date | Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (A) | Industry (B,C,D,E) | Construction (F) | Wholesale, Transport and Accommodation (G,H,I) | ICT, Scientific and Recreation (J,M,R) | Financial, Real Estate, Administrative (K,L,N,S) | Public Service, Education and Health (O,P,Q) | Number of persons with earnings from employment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 2024 | 419 | 4038 | 1389 | 10587 | 1375 | 3541 | 3252 | 24601 |
| December 2024 | 404 | 4050 | 1333 | 10513 | 1334 | 3488 | 3317 | 24439 |
| January 2025 | 402 | 4084 | 1341 | 10413 | 1323 | 3447 | 3408 | 24418 |
| February 2025 | 401 | 4148 | 1377 | 10297 | 1336 | 3523 | 3510 | 24592 |
| March 2025 | 411 | 4263 | 1448 | 10734 | 1386 | 3621 | 3627 | 25490 |
| April 2025 | 418 | 4322 | 1488 | 11107 | 1427 | 3703 | 3709 | 26174 |
| May 25 | 408 | 4397 | 1456 | 11317 | 1425 | 3726 | 3745 | 26474 |
Since 11 April 2022, Intreo Public Employment Services (of the DSP) have been arranging employment support events for arrivals from Ukraine and, as of 03 June 2025, those events have been attended by 50,111 arrivals.
The previous occupation of those arrivals from Ukraine are shown in Table 9. ‘Professionals’ were the largest broad group among the classification listed of the 22,353 persons having recorded work history, with 30% (or 6,793 persons).
Of the persons that attended Intreo events, 54% were noted with English language proficiency being a challenge in securing employment, see Table 10.
Of the 31,877 persons where the highest level of education was recorded, 59% had achieved an NFQ level equivalent to 7 or higher, see Table 11.
The marital status of arrivals from Ukraine is shown in Figure 4 and Table 12. Of all arrivals to date aged 18 and over, 63% of males and 50% of females were married or cohabiting. Note the martial status data was originally sourced from the Department of Social Protection but for data since the 19 March 2023 it incorporates Temporary Protection Directive data from the Department of Justice, Home Affairs and Migration.
| Date | Single - never married | Married or cohabiting | Divorced, widowed, and other relationship status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 27 | 63 | 10 |
| Female | 24 | 50 | 27 |
Table 13 shows that during May 2025, 1,380 children who were Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection were in the National Childcare Scheme (NCS) and 1,087 children were in the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Scheme, while 386 children were in both the NCS and ECCE.
Table 14 shows that as of as of 12 June 2025, 17,488 Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection from Ukraine have enrolled in schools in the academic year 2024/25, with 60% of these in primary schools and the remaining 40% in secondary schools. Cork has the highest number of children enrolled in primary schools at 1,034, while Dublin has the highest number of children enrolled in secondary schools at 780. Monaghan has the lowest number of children enrolled in both primary and secondary schools.
Table 15a focuses on primary school enrolments by classes while Table 15b provides a breakdown on secondary school enrolments by year within the junior and senior cycles.
In this release, of the 17,488 arrivals from Ukraine that enrolled in schools, 442 had their PPSN registered on or after the 08 August 2024 and were successfully linked to Department of Social Protection administrative data using a pseudonymised Protected Identifier Key (PIK). For further information on the data sources, linking procedures and definitions of this report, see Background Notes. Table 16 shows that average time between the allocation of a PPSN on or after the 08 August 2024 to enrolment in primary or secondary school was under eight weeks.
Table 17 shows a breakdown of the school enrolments by age as of 12 June 2025 for primary enrolments and as of 15 May 2025 for post-primary enrolments.
Table 18 shows that there were 12,470 arrivals enrolled in further education and training courses on the 01 June 2025, of which 9,704 enrolled in further education English language courses.
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Statistician's Comment
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (03 July 2025) published Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland Series 16.
In the wake of the invasion of Ukraine three years ago, the CSO created an Arrivals from Ukraine in Ireland series of releases to provide insights into Ireland’s response to the Ukrainian crisis. This release, the sixteenth in the series, includes an analysis of Ukrainian arrivals who are availing of support and services from the Department of Social Protection (DSP); as well as providing insights into primary and secondary school enrolments overseen by the Department of Education; and enrolments in further education and training based on data provided by SOLAS. Also included is an experimental measure of arrivals from Ukraine that were still administratively active after 31 March 2025, incorporating PAYE Modernisation (PMOD), DSP, SOLAS, and Pobal data. Furthermore, information on barriers to work, previous and current employment, and education level is included in the release.
Commenting on the release, Dylan Morrissey, Statistician, said: "As of 03 June 2025, 80,031, or 70% of Personal Public Service Numbers (PPSNs) issued to Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection (BoTP) from Ukraine had recent activity in administrative data after 31 March 2025, based on data currently available to the CSO.
Of the 80,031 individuals, women and men aged 20 years and over, made up 46% and 26% of arrivals respectively, while 29% were people aged under 20 years.
In May 2025, 26,474 BoTPs had earnings from employment, where their mean weekly earnings were €538. The most common sector of employment was in Wholesale, Transport and Accommodation at 43%.
More than half of the 50,111 BoTPs who attended an Intreo employment support event noted that English language proficiency was a challenge in securing employment.
Mapping Arrivals to Locations
There are two maps in this release based on mapping 78,288 individuals, or 98% of arrivals with recent activity in administrative data, to a location within Ireland. These maps are based on the local post office address as per the process through which arrivals were seeking assistance from the Department of Social Protection or, if available, the arrivals' residential address where an Accommodation Recognition Payment is payable to the host of the residence. Map 1 is a count of arrivals by Local Electoral Area (LEA), and Map 2 is the rate of arrivals by LEA (per 100 of the Census 2022 de facto population). Kenmare in Co. Kerry had the highest number of associated arrivals from Ukraine at 1,898 people.
Our analysis also shows that the rate per 100 of the population ranges across all LEAs in the country from 0.22% to 6.99%. The LEA with the highest rate was Kenmare in Co. Kerry."