This publication is categorised as a CSO Frontier Series Output. Particular care must be taken when interpreting the statistics in this release as it may use new methods which are under development and/or data sources which may be incomplete, for example new administrative data sources.
Total assets grew by 33.1% over the period and stood at €436.3bn at the end of 2025. The stock of assets has fluctuated over the period. There were increases from 2019 to 2022 of 62.5% but a decrease of 17.2% between 2022 and 2023 and a decrease of 6.9% from 2024 to 2025.
Financial assets, the largest share of overall assets at €236.7bn or 54.3% in 2025, were mostly comprised of direct investment. Fluctuations in financial assets were the main driver in the trend in overall total assets.
Intangible fixed assets (including Research & Development and Intellectual Property) were the second largest contributor to total assets. The value was at its highest at €167.1bn in 2022 where it made up 31.4% of total assets. Over the period the value of intangible fixed assets has fluctuated but at the end of 2025 stood at €136.6bn.
There has been a steady increase in inventory, the value more than doubling over the period, from €15.3bn in 2019 to €38.4bn in 2025.
Enterprises with their ultimate parent located in the US held the largest proportion of assets, contributing 85.0% to total assets in 2025. Compared to 2019, assets held by enterprises with US ultimate owners were 44.7% higher in 2025. Assets held by enterprises with a US ultimate owner stood at their highest at €448.3bn at the end of 2022. The stock of assets held by enterprises with an Irish ultimate parent have fluctuated somewhat over the period but stood at €24.4bn at the end of 2025, a similar value to that in 2019 which represented 5.6% of total assets in the sectors.
Total liabilities grew by 33.0% over the period and stood at €436.4bn at the end of 2025. This growth fluctuated over the period in line with the fluctuations in assets. Stocks of financial liabilities were mostly comprised of direct investment.
Equity liabilities increased from €145.1bn in 2019 to €225.4bn in 2025 an increase of 55.4%. In 2025 equity liabilities made up 51.7% of total liabilities. Liabilities relating to debt instruments were at their largest in 2023, equalling €249.8bn.
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