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Business Signs of Life Series One: State Support, March 2020 to January 2021

State Support

A CSO Frontier Series Output

A CSO Frontier Series Output- What is this?

Key Findings

Over 113,000 enterprises had personnel availing of COVID-19 income support in January 2021
The percentage of enterprises with personnel on COVID-19 income support peaked in April 2020 at over 57% while the lowest was in September 2020 at over 30%
Of the 242,681 enterprises in the analysis, almost 7% had all of their personnel in receipt of PUP since the first lockdown in March/April 2020
Almost four in ten (38.4%) enterprises had not availed of any COVID-19 income support
The Accommodation and Food Service activities sector had the largest uptake of the Wage Subsidy Scheme

	Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) only	Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) and Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS)	Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) only
Mar-20	46.52	2.63	1.25
Apr-20	43.61	8.65	4.96
May-20	41.52	10.01	5.38
Jun-20	35.27	10.24	5.55
Jul-20	24.49	9.45	6.95
Aug-20	20.44	7.86	7.47
Sep-20	20.38	5.59	4.49
Oct-20	25.03	6.85	3.73
Nov-20	27.53	5.12	3.26
Dec-20	27.17	6.17	3.29
Jan-21	35.87	7.31	3.42

January 2021 had the highest number of enterprises availing of State support since June 2020

Of the 242,681 enterprises in the base population in 2018, 61.7% availed of the Wage Subsidy Scheme or the Pandemic Unemployment Payment at least once between March 2020 and January 2021. The percentage of enterprises with personnel availing of COVID-19 income support was 46.6% in January 2021. The uptake of support peaked in April at 57.2% compared to a low of 30.5% in September.

More than half (57.6%) of enterprises had associated persons in receipt of the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at least once between March 2020 and January 2021. Over 100,000 enterprises had personnel in receipt of PUP in January 2021, the highest since June 2020.

More than one in five enterprises (22.4%) had received a payment via the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) in the period March 2020 to January 2021. In January 2021, 10.7% of enterprises had personnel availing of WSS compared to the peak of 16.4% in July 2020. See Figure 2.1 and Table 2.1.

2.1 Enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment, March 2020 - January 2021

X-axis label	Manufacturing (C)	Construction (F)	Transportation and Storage (H)	Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I)	Other Service Activities (S95, S96)	All Sectors
Mar-20	23.39	40.62	43.69	17.34	43.17	27.1
Apr-20	26.12	44.47	45.93	19.36	45.42	29.51
May-20	25.37	43.39	44.49	18.84	44.98	28.81
Jun-20	20.14	30.57	41.79	17.43	42.34	23.82
Jul-20	12.02	16.48	35.58	13.39	21.99	15.54
Aug-20	8.99	11.48	30.11	11.16	13.12	11.92
Sep-20	7.57	8.64	29.05	10.36	10.48	10.33
Oct-20	9.38	10.44	34.66	13.33	34.58	14.04
Nov-20	9.72	11.12	35.61	13.89	36.1	14.61
Dec-20	9.93	12.33	36.1	14.68	36.85	15.08
Jan-21	16.64	31.62	39.28	16.41	39.98	21.5

Since the first lockdown, all personnel were in receipt of PUP continuously in almost 7% of enterprises

Of the 242,681 enterprises in the analysis, 6.8% had all personnel continuously in receipt of PUP since the first lockdown in March/April 2020. In January 2021, 21.5% of enterprises had all personnel in receipt of PUP. April 2020 had the highest proportion of enterprises in which all personnel were in receipt of PUP at 29.5% while September 2020 had the lowest (10.3%).

In the Transportation and Storage sector 22.4% of businesses had all personnel in receipt of PUP continuously since the first lockdown in March/April 2020. This sector includes taxi operators and hauliers. The rate in this sector peaked in April 2020 (45.9%) before falling to a low of 29.1% in September 2020. Following an increase in Government restrictions, the rate began to rise from October 2020, and by January 2021, 39.3% of enterprises in this sector had all personnel in receipt of PUP.

In the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation sector, 10.1% of businesses had all personnel in receipt of PUP continuously since the first lockdown. A quarter of enterprises in the sector (25.4%) had all persons engaged in receipt of PUP in January 2021, the highest since June 2020 (29.3%). The rate peaked in April and May 2020 to over three in ten (31.2%) enterprises then steadily fell to 14.7% in September before rising again over the winter.

The Other Service Activities sector had their highest proportion of enterprises with all personnel in receipt of PUP in April 2020 at 45.4%. This fell to 10.5% by September before increasing to 40.0% by January 2021. Of the 14,472 enterprises in this sector, which includes hairdressers, yoga instructors and funeral services among others, 7.8% had all personnel continuously in receipt of PUP since the first lockdown in March/April 2020. See Figure 2.2 and Table 2.2.

2.2 Percentage of enterprises with all persons engaged in receipt of Pandemic Unemployment Payment by sector, March/April 2020 - January 2021

X-axis label	Hairdressing and other beauty treatment (S9602)	Building completion and finishing (F433)	Beverage serving activities (I5630)	Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores (G4771)
28 Apr-20	80.6	70.8	69.2	66
19 May-20	80.4	69.4	69.2	65.5
09 June-20	80.1	48.2	68.5	64.5
30 June-20	77.4	34.3	67.2	47.1
21 Jul-20	30.5	24.1	63.4	38
18 Aug-20	21.5	17	59.7	33.1
08 Sep-20	20	16	58	31.6
29 Sep-20	19.5	15	51.4	30.1
20 Oct-20	72.9	19.8	65.3	54.6
10 Nov-20	75.8	21.8	65.7	58.4
01 Dec-20	76.4	22.1	65.7	58.4
22 Dec-20	49.8	22.3	64.7	40.9
12 Jan-21	77.9	52.3	67.1	61.9

Enterprises with personnel on PUP

Analysing certain NACE Rev. 2 activities that had associated persons in receipt of the PUP reveals the change in uptake following the implementation and easing of restrictions. Almost seven in ten (69.4%) enterprises in Building completion and finishing activities, which includes plasterers, painters and fitters etc. availed of the PUP on 19 May 2020. This declined to 15.0% by 29 September 2020 following Phase 1 easing of restrictions on 18 May 2020. Uptake in PUP increased again following the nationwide implementation of Level 5 restrictions on Christmas Eve to 52.3% on 12 January 2021.

Similarly, following Phase 2 easing of restrictions on 8 June 2020, the proportion of enterprises in Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores declined from 64.5% on 9 June to 30.1% by 29 September 2020. Following the nationwide Level 5 restrictions on 21 October, this increased to 58.4% in November before falling to 40.9% in December and increased again to 61.9% by 12 January 2021.

Phase 3 easing of restrictions on 29 June saw a sharp decline in PUP uptake in Hairdressing and other beauty treatment businesses as they were allowed to re-open. Enterprises in this activity which had associated persons on PUP decreased from 77.4% on 30 June to 19.5% by 29 September 2020. This increased to 75.8% during the October lockdown. It fell in December to 49.8% before increasing to 77.9% by 12 January 2021 following the re-introduction of Level 5 restrictions. See Figure 2.3 and Table 2.3.

2.3 Percentage of enterprises with associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by selected NACE Rev.2 activity, March 2020 - January 2021

X-axis label	All personnel continuously on PUP Mar/April 2020 - Jan 2021
Taxi operation (H4932)	34.39
Photographic activities (M7420)	26.33
Motion picture, video and television programme production activities (J5911)	11.58
Beverage serving activities (I5630)	10.18
General cleaning of buildings (N8121)	10
All activities	6.8
Business and other management consultancy activities (M7022)	3.58
Retail sale of meat and meat products in specialised stores (G4722)	2.06
Computer consultancy activities (J6202)	1.81
Engineering activities and related technical consultancy (M7112)	1.66
Veterinary activities (M7500)	0.51

X-axis label	No personnel on income support Mar 2020 - Jan 2021
Computer consultancy activities (J6202)	70.41
Veterinary activities (M7500)	68.16
Business and other management consultancy activities (M7022)	63.17
Retail sale of meat and meat products in specialised stores (G4722)	62.35
Engineering activities and related technical consultancy (M7112)	61.32
Motion picture, video and television programme production activities (J5911)	42.68
All activities	38.4
Photographic activities (M7420)	37.64
General cleaning of buildings (N8121)	32.6
Taxi operation (H4932)	31.59
Beverage serving activities (I5630)	27.06

More than a third of enterprises in the Taxi operation sector had all their personnel continuously on PUP since first lockdown

More than a third (34.4%) of enterprises in the Taxi operation sector had all personnel continuously in receipt of PUP since the beginning of the first lockdown in March/April 2020, while 31.6% had none of their personnel in receipt of either PUP or WSS during this time.

Over a quarter (26.3%) of enterprises engaged in Photographic activities had all personnel on PUP continuously since the first lockdown while 37.6% had nobody availing of COVID-19 income supports.

Seven in ten (70.4%) enterprises in the Computer consultancy activities sector had none of their persons engaged in receipt of either PUP or WSS since the first lockdown in March/April 2020 similar to 68.2% of enterprises in the Veterinary activities sector. This compares to 38.4% of enterprises in all activities. See Figure 2.4a, Figure 2.4b and Table 2.4.

Table 2.4 Percentage of enterprises with all personnel continuously in receipt of Pandemic Unemployment Payment or with no personnel availing of COVID-19 income support by selected NACE Rev.2 activities, March/April 2020 - January 2021

X-axis label	Manufacturing (C)	Construction (F)	Information and Communication (J)	Real Estate Activities (L)	Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M)	All Sectors
Mar-20	47.91	37.41	76.58	74.11	70.14	49.7
Apr-20	38.43	30.12	68.47	69.25	61.1	42.85
May-20	39.07	31	67.52	69.09	60.78	43.16
Jun-20	45.37	45.95	67.88	71.06	62.8	49.01
Jul-20	55.75	63.37	71.78	77.27	68.94	50.73
Aug-20	61.04	70.08	74.26	80.06	72.2	64.32
Sep-20	67.17	77.22	77.68	83.38	76.99	69.64
Oct-20	63.65	74.58	77.4	81.08	75.99	64.48
Nov-20	63.61	73.91	77.49	80.92	76.42	64.16
Dec-20	63.4	72.38	76.99	80.69	76.26	63.45
Jan-21	50.95	45.35	75	76.7	72.26	53.46

Three quarters of enterprises in Information and Communication had none of their personnel availing of COVID-19 income supports in January 2021

Three quarters (75.0%) of the 12,175 enterprises in the Information and Communication sector had none of their personnel in receipt of WSS or PUP in January 2021. This was an increase from two-thirds of enterprises in the sector not availing of state income support during the first lockdown in April (68.5%) and May (67.5%).

Similarly, the Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities and Real Estate Activities sectors had high proportions of enterprises without any personnel in receipt of COVID-19 income supports with 72.3% and 76.7% respectively in January 2021. This was higher than the 61.1% and 69.3% during the first lockdown in April 2020. See Figure 2.5 and Table 2.5.

2.5 Percentage of enterprises with none of their persons engaged availing of COVID-19 State employee support by sector, March 2020 - January 2021

Table 2.5 Percentage of enterprises with none of their persons engaged availing of COVID-19 State employee support by sector, March 2020 - January 2021
		% of enterprises in sector
Sector	Base population in sector	Mar-20	Apr-20	May-20	Jun-20	Jul-20	Aug-20	Sep-20	Oct-20	Nov-20	Dec-20	Jan-21	Mar-20 to Jan-21¹
	No.	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Mining and Quarrying (B)	332	57.8	42.5	44.3	49.4	58.4	63.3	69.6	67.2	66.3	66.0	53.6	38.0
Manufacturing (C)	14,431	47.9	38.4	39.1	45.4	55.8	61.0	67.2	63.7	63.6	63.4	51.0	33.7
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D)	189	81.5	74.1	74.6	76.2	85.2	86.8	86.2	86.2	84.7	85.2	77.8	65.6
Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities (E)	851	62.0	51.2	51.6	54.6	61.3	65.6	70.6	67.8	67.6	67.0	59.2	45.5
Construction (F)	51,026	37.4	30.1	31.0	46.0	63.4	70.1	77.2	74.6	73.9	72.4	45.4	26.5
Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G)	41,917	48.5	40.3	40.4	45.1	54.5	59.5	66.9	60.5	59.9	59.6	52.5	35.1
Transportation and Storage (H)	23,777	46.0	41.1	42.2	45.4	52.5	58.8	61.2	55.6	55.2	54.0	49.0	37.0
Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I)	17,932	34.7	32.8	33.1	34.6	38.1	41.2	43.3	39.7	39.5	38.9	37.4	29.7
Information and Communication (J)	12,175	76.6	68.5	67.5	67.9	71.8	74.3	77.7	77.4	77.5	77.0	75.0	60.7
Real Estate Activities (L)	10,193	74.1	69.3	69.1	71.1	77.3	80.1	83.4	81.1	80.9	80.7	76.7	65.4
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M)	37,016	70.1	61.1	60.8	62.8	68.9	72.2	77.0	76.0	76.4	76.3	72.3	55.8
Administrative and Support Service Activities (N)	14,109	53.3	46.1	46.5	54.5	62.8	66.7	70.5	66.4	66.5	65.6	55.9	41.4
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93)	4,261	39.8	33.9	33.3	35.3	43.8	49.0	53.7	44.7	44.1	43.1	39.9	28.9
Other Service Activities (S95, S96)	14,472	28.9	26.6	27.1	29.9	50.7	61.3	68.0	37.9	36.9	36.4	32.8	23.7
All Sectors	242,681	49.7	42.9	43.2	49.0	50.7	64.3	69.6	64.5	64.2	63.5	53.5	38.4
Cultural and Creative Industries	11,840	57.5	49.1	48.7	50.7	57.9	62.8	67.7	65.7	65.8	65.4	60.7	44.0
Tourism Industries	31,965	35.4	33.2	34.1	35.8	40.9	46.0	47.7	41.9	41.3	40.7	38.5	30.1
¹Enterprises with none of their personnel availing of COVID-19 income at any point during the period March 2020 to January 2021.

Open in Excel: Business Signs of Life Series One: State Support March 2020 - January 2021 Table 2.5 (XLS 12KB)

	Large (250+ persons engaged)	Medium (50-249 persons engaged)	Small (10-49 persons engaged)	Micro (<10 persons engaged)	All size classes
Mar-20	30.46	18.32	23.88	52.37	49.7
Apr-20	22.52	12.68	14.34	45.74	42.85
May-20	22.35	12.28	13.88	46.12	43.16
Jun-20	20.2	11.84	15.1	52.48	49.01
Jul-20	22.52	13.34	19.44	63.29	59.19
Aug-20	24.34	14.99	22.57	68.66	64.32
Sep-20	22.52	15.08	27.47	74.1	69.64
Oct-20	21.36	13.62	24.84	68.67	64.48
Nov-20	19.87	12.99	24.7	68.34	64.16
Dec-20	17.88	12.34	24.01	67.64	63.45
Jan-21	14.57	10.38	17.58	57.21	53.46

Micro enterprises accounted for the highest proportion of firms with none of their personnel availing of any COVID-19 income supports

Micro enterprises (<10 persons engaged) had the highest proportion of firms (41.4%) with none of their personnel availing of WSS or PUP at any point between March 2020 and January 2021. Over 45% of micro enterprises had persons engaged which did not avail of any COVID income support in April 2020. This rose steadily over the summer as restrictions eased before peaking in September at 74.1%. The proportion decreased over the winter to 57.2% in January 2021.

In January 2021, 14.6% of large enterprises did not have any personnel availing of COVID-19 income supports. This compares to 30.5% in March 2020 and 20.2% in June. The lowest proportion of small enterprises with all persons engaged not availing of income support was May 2020 with 13.9%. This increased over the summer months and peaked in September at 27.5% before decreasing to 17.6% in January 2021. See Figure 2.6 and Table 2.6.

2.6 Percentage of enterprises with none of their persons engaged availing of COVID-19 State income support, March 2020 - January 2021

	Wage Subsidy Scheme
Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I)	23.42
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93)	21.87
Mining and Quarrying (B)	17.17
Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G)	14.11
Manufacturing (C)	14.07
Administrative and Support Service Activities (N)	11.53
All Sectors	10.73
Electricity, Gas, Stream, Air Conditioning, Water, Waste Management and Remediation (D, E)	10.1
Construction (F)	8.66
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M)	8.19
Other Service Activities (S95, S96)	7.93
Information and Communication (J)	6.92
Real Estate Activities (L)	5.99
Transportation and Storage (H)	4.72

Almost a quarter of Accommodation and Food Services businesses availed of WSS in January 2021

Almost four in ten (39.2%) enterprises in the Accommodation and Food Service Activities sector had personnel which received a payment via the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) at some point between March 2020 and January 2021. In January 2021, 23.4% of enterprises in this sector were availing of the WSS compared to the peak of 31.3% in August 2020.

In January 2021, 21.9% of enterprises in the Arts, Entertainment and Recreation sector availed of the WSS. In July 2020, 26.9% availed of the WSS, which was the month with the highest proportion for the sector. Almost a third (32.6%) of businesses in the sector availed of the WSS at some point between March 2020 and January 2021. See Figure 2.7 and Table 2.7.

2.7 Percentage of enterprises with personnel availing of Wage Subsidy Scheme by sector, March 2020 -January 2021

Table 2.7 Percentage of enterprises with personnel availing of Wage Subsidy Scheme by sector, March 2020 - January 2021
		% of enterprises in sector
Sector	Base population in sector	Mar-20	Apr-20	May-20	Jun-20	Jul-20	Aug-20	Sep-20	Oct-20	Nov-20	Dec-20	Jan-21	Mar 20 to Jan 21¹
	No.	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Mining and Quarrying (B)	332	3.0	27.1	30.1	26.5	25.0	20.8	11.5	13.0	10.8	10.2	17.2	36.8
Manufacturing (C)	14,431	4.6	20.2	22.8	23.0	21.5	19.5	12.0	12.4	10.9	10.5	14.1	29.5
Electricity, Gas, Stream, Air Conditioning, Water, Waste Management and Remediation (D, E)	1,040	4.5	20.5	22.0	20.7	17.2	15.0	7.9	8.4	7.8	7.3	10.1	26.1
Construction (F)	51,026	2.5	11.4	13.8	13.2	12.4	11.3	6.1	6.2	5.7	5.4	8.7	18.8
Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G)	41,917	5.8	20.3	22.8	24.3	22.7	20.4	10.7	11.9	10.1	10.6	14.1	31.1
Transportation and Storage (H)	23,777	1.4	6.4	7.3	7.0	6.5	5.8	4.4	4.4	3.7	4.1	4.7	9.6
Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I)	17,932	8.5	15.8	19.3	22.3	30.9	31.3	28.6	30.0	22.3	26.4	23.4	39.2
Information and Communication (J)	12,175	2.8	11.5	12.3	12.3	11.1	10.4	7.0	7.0	6.0	6.4	6.9	15.3
Real Estate Activities (L)	10,193	2.5	8.5	9.0	9.7	9.4	8.7	5.8	6.1	5.3	5.4	6.0	12.1
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M)	37,016	3.6	14.4	15.3	15.1	13.6	12.6	7.7	7.9	6.7	7.2	8.2	18.7
Administrative and Support Service Activities (N)	14,109	3.5	14.7	16.4	16.1	15.6	14.4	10.2	10.5	9.1	9.6	11.5	20.4
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93)	4,261	8.2	21.4	22.8	24.0	26.9	26.0	20.8	22.7	18.7	21.0	21.9	32.6
Other Service Activities (S95, S96)	14,472	2.6	3.8	4.3	5.5	19.7	20.0	15.4	16.1	5.8	15.2	7.9	23.4
All Sectors	242,681	3.9	13.6	15.4	15.8	16.4	15.3	10.1	10.6	8.4	9.5	10.7	22.4
Cultural and Creative Industries	11,840	3.4	12.7	13.7	14.2	13.6	13.2	9.7	10.0	8.6	9.2	10.2	18.0
Tourism Industries	31,965	4.9	9.4	11.5	13.2	17.9	18.2	16.9	17.7	13.4	15.7	14.0	23.1
¹Enterprises availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) at some point during the period March 2020 to January 2021.

Open in Excel: Business Signs of Life Series One: State Support March 2020 - January 2021 Table 2.7 (XLS 12KB)

	Jan 2021
Irish-owned	46.47
Foreign-owned	53.88
Office based	29.92
Non-office based	53.85
Modern	28.95
Traditional	47.7

Selected enterprise type

Non-office based enterprise personnel had a higher uptake of WSS or PUP at 69.0% compared to office based enterprises (44.9%) at some point between March 2020 and January 2021. In January 2021, 29.9% of office based enterprises had personnel on COVID-19 income support compared to 53.9% of enterprises that were non-office based. April saw the highest uptake for non-office based enterprises when 64.9% availed of the State's COVID-19 income support compared to 39.6% of office based enterprises.

There were 61.6% of Irish-owned enterprises with staff who were in receipt of either the WSS or PUP at some point between March 2020 and January 2021. The corresponding figure for Foreign-owned enterprises was 65.9%. In January 2021, foreign-owned enterprises had a higher proportion of enterprises that availed of support at 53.9% compared to 46.5% for Irish-owned enterprises.

Businesses classified as Traditional had more enterprises (62.8%) that availed of the State's COVID-19 income support at some point between March 2020 and January 2021 compared to Modern enterprises (43.3%). See Figure 2.8 and Table 2.8.

2.8 Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by enterprise type, March 2020-January 2021

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Table 2.1 Enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons¹on Pandemic Unemployment Payment, March 2020 - January 2021
	Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS)		Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP)		Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or Pandemic Unemployment Payment
2020	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
March	9,414	3.9	119,275	49.2	122,314	50.4
April	33,018	13.6	126,829	52.3	138,858	57.2
May	37,351	15.4	125,067	51.5	138,119	56.9
June	38,330	15.8	110,442	45.5	123,913	51.1
July	39,802	16.4	82,379	34.0	99,240	40.9
August	37,189	15.3	68,683	28.3	86,804	35.8
September	24,452	10.1	63,011	26.0	73,905	30.5
October	25,674	10.6	77,357	31.9	86,405	35.6
November	20,346	8.4	79,255	32.7	87,164	35.9
December	22,942	9.5	80,888	33.3	88,868	36.6
2021
January	26,040	10.7	104,789	43.2	113,087	46.6
March 2020 - January 2021²	54,234	22.4	139,755	57.6	149,710	61.7
¹Associated persons refers to employees or self-employed who have lost their employment due to COVID-19 and were in receipt of PUP.
²Enterprises which availed of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWSS) and/or had associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March 2020 to January 2021.

Business Signs of Life Series One: State Support, March 2020 to January 2021

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Table 2.2 Percentage of enterprises with all persons engaged in receipt of Pandemic Unemployment Payment by sector, March/April 2020 - January 2021
		% of enterprises in sector
Sector	Base population in sector	Mar-20	Apr-20	May-20	Jun-20	Jul-20	Aug-20	Sep-20	Oct-20	Nov-20	Dec-20	Jan-21	Continuously from Mar/Apr-20 to Jan-21
	No.	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Mining and Quarrying (B)	332	10.8	13.3	12.7	8.1	5.4	4.2	3.0	3.0	2.7	3.0	7.5	2.1
Manufacturing (C)	14,431	23.4	26.1	25.4	20.1	12.0	9.0	7.6	9.4	9.7	9.9	16.6	4.6
Electricity, Gas, Stream, Air Conditioning, Water, Waste Management and Remediation (D, E)	1,040	9.5	10.7	10.7	9.3	6.0	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.8	5.2	8.1	2.0
Construction (F)	51,026	40.6	44.5	43.4	30.6	16.5	11.5	8.6	10.4	11.1	12.3	31.6	5.3
Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G)	41,917	19.1	21.1	20.4	16.4	9.6	7.2	6.0	9.4	10.0	10.0	12.6	4.0
Transportation and Storage (H)	23,777	43.7	45.9	44.5	41.8	35.6	30.1	29.1	34.7	35.6	36.1	39.3	22.4
Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I)	17,932	17.3	19.4	18.8	17.4	13.4	11.2	10.4	13.3	13.9	14.7	16.4	6.5
Information and Communication (J)	12,175	12.6	13.7	13.8	13.2	10.8	9.1	7.8	7.7	7.8	7.9	9.2	4.2
Real Estate Activities (L)	10,193	14.9	16.5	16.3	14.5	9.3	7.3	6.4	8.0	8.3	8.3	10.9	3.9
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities (M)	37,016	15.9	17.8	17.5	16.0	11.7	9.5	8.4	9.0	9.1	9.0	11.0	4.9
Administrative and Support Service Activities (N)	14,109	25.8	28.1	27.1	20.2	13.8	11.0	9.6	12.7	13.0	13.5	19.8	6.2
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (R92, R93)	4,261	28.8	31.2	31.2	29.3	20.5	16.4	14.7	21.0	22.2	23.1	25.4	10.1
Other Service Activities (S95, S96)	14,472	43.2	45.4	45.0	42.3	22.0	13.1	10.5	34.6	36.1	36.9	40.0	7.8
All Sectors	242,681	27.1	29.5	28.8	23.8	15.5	11.9	10.3	14.0	14.6	15.1	21.5	6.8
Cultural and Creative Industries	11,840	29.7	32.6	32.5	30.9	24.5	20.0	17.6	19.1	19.5	19.4	22.7	11.4
Tourism Industries	31,965	36.3	38.4	37.4	35.8	30.5	25.8	24.9	30.4	31.3	31.9	34.0	18.7

Table 2.3 Percentage of enterprises which had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by selected NACE Rev.2 activity, March 2020 - January 2021
		% of enterprises in NACE Rev.2 activity
NACE Rev.2 activity	Base population in activity	Mar-20	Apr-20	May-20	Jun-20	Jul-20	Aug-20	Sep-20	Oct-20	Nov-20	Dec-20	Jan-21	Mar-20 to Jan-21¹
	No.	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Hairdressing and other beauty treatment (S9602)	8,899	79.9	81.2	80.9	80.7	46.4	27.1	22.8	75.7	77.1	77.7	78.5	84.0
Sale of cars and light motor vehicles (G4511)	1,592	63.2	66.2	65.8	58.5	44.2	38.3	35.6	43.9	46.6	46.1	50.6	71.8
Building completion and finishing (F433)	18,819	67.7	71.9	71.1	54.0	30.8	22.4	17.7	22.0	23.3	25.7	58.0	76.0
Restaurants and mobile food service activities (I5610)	7,553	70.2	71.4	70.0	67.1	60.0	53.9	52.7	59.3	60.0	60.9	63.0	75.0
Sports activities (R931)	3,060	59.4	62.3	62.5	59.8	48.7	41.6	38.5	51.0	51.8	52.9	56.3	68.8
Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores (G4771)	2,112	66.5	67.1	66.6	65.4	43.4	36.8	33.8	57.9	59.1	59.4	62.5	71.1
Beverage serving activities (I5630)	5,993	68.2	69.5	69.5	68.9	65.9	62.6	61.0	65.9	66.1	66.4	67.7	72.2
Hotels and similar accommodation (I5510)	1,392	67.0	67.6	67.7	66.9	66.0	61.6	62.1	65.6	66.2	66.5	67.5	70.2
Taxi operation (H4932)	14,016	63.2	65.4	63.8	61.6	54.4	46.4	45.4	54.6	55.8	56.3	58.9	68.3
Dispensing chemist in specialised stores (G4773)	1,473	36.5	43.8	44.7	44.0	37.1	32.7	32.3	36.3	36.1	37.1	47.6	64.6
Retail sale in non-specialised stores with food, beverages or tobacco predominating (G4711)	3,626	51.8	54.2	54.2	52.5	46.1	41.9	40.8	46.5	47.3	48.1	53.1	62.0
Computer programming, consultancy and related activities (J620)	7,851	16.5	19.1	19.5	19.3	16.3	14.7	14.7	15.3	15.8	16.1	17.3	27.4
¹Enterprises having associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March 2020 to January 2021.

Table 2.6 Percentage of enterprises with none of their persons engaged availing of COVID-19 State income support, March 2020 - January 2021
		% of enterprises
Size Class	Base Population	Mar-20	Apr-20	May-20	Jun-20	Jul-20	Aug-20	Sep-20	Oct-20	Nov-20	Dec-20	Jan-21	Mar-20 to Jan-21¹
	No.	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Micro (<10 persons engaged)	220,349	52.4	45.7	46.1	52.5	63.3	68.7	74.1	68.7	68.3	67.6	57.2	41.4
Small (10-49 persons engaged)	18,519	23.9	14.3	13.9	15.1	19.4	22.6	27.5	24.8	24.7	24.0	17.6	9.1
Medium (50-249 persons engaged)	3,209	18.3	12.7	12.3	11.8	13.3	15.0	15.1	13.6	13.0	12.3	10.4	6.3
Large (250+ persons engaged)	604	30.5	22.5	22.4	20.2	22.5	24.3	22.5	21.4	19.9	17.9	14.6	11.6
All size classes	242,681	49.7	42.9	43.2	49.0	59.2	64.3	69.6	64.5	64.2	63.5	53.5	38.4
¹Enterprises with none of their personnel availing of COVID-19 income at any point during the period March 2020 to January 2021.

Table 2.8 Percentage of enterprises which availed of Wage Subsidy Scheme and/or had associated persons on Pandemic Unemployment Payment by enterprise type, March 2020 - January 2021
		% of enterprises
Enterprise type	Base population in enterprise	Mar-20	Apr-20	May-20	Jun-20	Jul-20	Aug-20	Sep-20	Oct-20	Nov-20	Dec-20	Jan-21	Mar 20 to Jan 21¹
	No.	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Irish-owned	238,414	50.6	57.3	56.9	51.0	40.7	35.5	30.1	35.4	35.7	36.4	46.5	61.6
Foreign-owned	4,267	41.0	53.8	55.5	55.6	52.7	50.6	48.6	49.4	49.0	50.6	53.9	65.9
Office based	73,493	31.6	39.6	39.8	36.9	30.8	27.6	23.4	25.1	24.8	25.2	29.9	44.9
Non-office based	169,188	58.6	64.9	64.3	57.2	45.3	39.3	33.5	40.2	40.7	41.6	53.9	69.0
Modern	14,246	27.2	35.8	36.7	36.1	31.8	29.1	25.4	26.2	26.0	26.4	29.0	43.3
Traditional	228,435	51.9	58.6	58.2	52.0	41.5	36.2	30.8	36.2	36.5	37.3	47.7	62.8
¹Enterprises availing of the Wage Subsidy Scheme (TWSS/EWWS) and/or have associated persons on the Pandemic Unemployment Payment (PUP) at some point during the period March 2020 to January 2021.