Appendix 1 -    Definitions and notes

 

1.       Society

 

 

Migration (1.3, 1.4)

 

Emigrants are persons resident in Ireland leaving to live abroad for one year or more.

Immigrants are persons coming to Ireland from another country for the purpose of taking up residence for one year or more.

Net migration is the numbers of immigrants less emigrants in a given time period.

 

 

Age of women at birth of first child (1.5, 1.6)

 

The UNECE definition of age of women at birth of first child used in Table 1.6 is the weighted average of the different childbearing ages using as weights the age-specific fertility rates of first-order births.

 

Country specific notes:

Data refer to children born in marriages in Finland.

Data are based on events and not on fertility rates in Cyprus, Ireland and Luxembourg.

Data calculated on actual age at first births in Norway.

Data for the United Kingdom refers to England and Wales.

 

The national definition of the average age at maternity of first birth used in Table 1.5 is 0.5 plus the sum of the products of the ages at maternity of first live births and the number of first live births for each age divided by the number of first live births. Childbearing years are regarded as between the ages of 15 and 49. Live births to mothers aged less than 15 are included in the age 15 category and are divided by the age 15 population. Similarly live births to mothers aged greater than 49 are included in the age 49 category and are divided by the age 49 population.

 

 

Total fertility rate (1.6)

 

The mean number of children that would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the fertility rates by age of a given year. The total fertility rate is also used to indicate the replacement level fertility; in more developed countries, a rate of 2.1 is considered to be replacement level.

 

 

Gender Equality Index (1.7)

 

The Gender Equality Index (GEI) is a unique measurement tool, produced by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). It is formed by combining gender indicators, according to a conceptual framework, into a single summary measure. It consists of six core domains (work, money, knowledge, time, power and health) and two satellite domains (intersecting inequalities and violence). The GEI measures how far (or close) the EU27 and its Member States were from achieving complete gender equality in 2010. It provides results at both Member States and EU27 level. The GEI also provides result for each domain and sub-domain.

 

The GEI measures gender gaps that are adjusted to levels of achievement, ensuring that gender gaps cannot be regarded positively where they point to an adverse situation for both women and men. The GEI assigns scores for Member States, between 1 (total inequality) and 100 (full equality).

 

The need for the GEI was initially introduced by the European Commission in the Roadmap for Equality between Women and Men 2006-2010 and subsequently included in the Action Plan of its Strategy for Equality between Women and Men 2010-2015. EIGE undertook the task of constructing a composite indicator that reflects the multifaceted reality of gender equality and is specifically tailored towards the policy framework of the European Union.

 

The GEI provides a synthetic measure of gender equality that is easy to understand and to communicate. It measures gender equality in the EU and its Member States and provides a tool to support decision-makers in assessing how far a given Member State is from reaching gender equality. The GEI allows meaningful comparisons between different gender equality priority domains and measures achievements in the area of gender equality over time.

 

The six core domains are:

 

• Work - relates to the position of women and men in the European labour market and measures gender gaps in participation in the labour market, duration of working life, sectoral segregation patterns and quality of work, such as flexibility of working time, training at work and health and safety.
• Money -  examines inequalities in the access to financial resources and economic situation of women and men.
• Knowledge -  shows differences between women and men in terms of education, lifelong learning and segregation in the fields of education.
• Time -  focuses on the trade-off between economic, care and other social activities (including cultural, civic, etc.) and measures time spent on unpaid activities, including gender gaps in time spent in childcare and domestic activities, and other aspects of life such as cultural, leisure or charitable activities.
• Power -  measures the differences between women’s and men’s representation in the political and economic spheres.
• Health -  measures the differences between women and men in health status and in access to health structures and measures sex-based differences in self-perceived health, life expectancy and healthy life years and also measures gender gaps in unmet needs.

 

The scores of the GEI (see indicator 1.7) show that gender equality remains far from a reality in the EU:

 

• Work:  Women are less likely to participate in the labour market and segregation patterns remain.
• Money:  Lower earnings and income among women lead to greater risk of poverty and higher disparities of income
• Knowledge:  Although women’s educational attainment exceeds men’s, segregation patterns persist and participation in lifelong learning remains low.
• Time:  Inequalities in the division of time persist, with women remaining disproportionately responsible for caring activities and the unequal division of time extends to other activities.
• Power:  A large imbalance exists in the EU in decision-making, with low levels of gender equality in both political and economic areas together with a lack of suitable indicators to measure social power
• Health:  There are low gender gaps although small differences in status remain. The gender gaps in behaviour that can affect health could not be measured because of the lack of up-to-date harmonised statistical data for all EU member States.

 

The first update of the GEI will take place in 2015.

 

 

Offence categories (1.8)

 

In 2010 the Irish Prison Service recategorised the offence groups under which prisoners’ convictions are recorded. The Irish Prison Service statistics are now compiled using the Irish Crime Classification System (ICCS), which is also used by An Garda Siochána, the Courts Service, the Probation Service and the CSO. Full details of the ICCS are available via the CSO website.

 

 

Serious assault (1.9)

 

The UNECE gender statistics database defines serious assault as “Serious assaults as reported by the police, i.e. crimes that are reported to, detected by, or otherwise drawn to the attention of the police”. In the case of Ireland the figure refers to victims of assault causing harm, poisoning and other serious assault offences. Minor assaults are not included.

 

 

Sexual assault (1.9)

 

The UNECE gender statistics database defines sexual assault as “Sexual assault as reported by the police. Sexual assault comprise rapes, attempted rapes and indecent and sexual assaults (“offensive behaviour” excluded)”.

 

 

Murder/Manslaughter (1.10)

 

The Garda classification "Group 01 Homicide offences" includes murder, attempted murder, abortion, procuring or assisting in abortion, murder threats, infanticide and manslaughter. For the purposes of the table presented in this report, only the offences of murder and manslaughter are included.

 

 

Means of travel to work (1.11)

 

Data are compiled based on responses to the following question from the 2002 and 2011 Censuses of Population:

 

“How do you usually travel to work, school or college?”

 

There were 11 response categories including a category for persons working mainly at or from home. Only one response was allowed per person.

Data in this table refer to persons aged 15 and over who are at work.

 

 

Time taken to travel to work (1.12)

 

Data are compiled based on responses to the following question from the 2011 Census of Population:

 

“What distance is your journey from home to work, school or college and how long does it usually take?”

 

Time taken to travel to work, school or college was recorded in minutes.

Data in this table refer to persons aged 15 and over who are at work, excluding those who work mainly at or from home.

 

 

Driving licences (1.16)

 

Data on driving licences are held in the National Vehicle and Driver File of the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport. The data shown reflect the position at 31 December 2013. A small minority of licences are listed on the Departmental dataset as being held by an ‘unknown’ gender. These have been assigned to the male and female totals in proportion to the known distribution within each age group.

 

 

 

2.       Employment

 

 

Employment rate (2.1, 2.2, 2.3)

 

The employment rate is defined as the number of persons in employment aged 15-64 as a percentage of the population aged 15-64: this is the International Labour Office (ILO) definition and is based on data collected in the Labour Force Survey, which is called the Quarterly National Household Survey (QNHS) in Ireland. This survey covers persons aged 15 years and over living in private households. Persons living in collective households (halls of residence, medical care establishments, religious institutions, collective workers' accommodation, hostels, etc) and persons carrying out obligatory military service are not included.

 

The ILO classification distinguishes the following main sub-groups of the population aged 15 or over:

 

Persons in employment are all persons who, in the week before the survey:

 

• worked for one hour or more for payment or profit, including work on the family farm or business;   or
• had a job but were not at work because of illness, holidays, etc.

 

Persons classified as unemployed are persons who, in the week before the survey:

 

• were without work;
• were available for work within the next two weeks; and
• had taken specific steps, in the preceding four weeks, to find work.

 

The ILO labour force consists of persons in employment and unemployed persons.

All data relating to the ILO labour force refer to the second quarter (April to June) of the reference year unless otherwise stated.

 

 

EU

 

Data for the 28 EU Member States have been provided where the table has the term “EU”. The EU increased its membership from 15 to 25 countries on 1 May 2004, to 27 countries on 1 January 2007 and to 28 countries on 1 July 2013.

 

 

Labour force participation rate (2.4, 2.5)

 

The labour force participation rate is the numbers of persons in the (ILO) labour force expressed as a percentage of the population aged 15 or over.

 

 

Occupation (2.6)

 

As a result of changes to the European regulations governing the Quarterly Labour Force Survey, (called the QNHS in Ireland), the CSO is obliged to report occupational coding data to Eurostat based on the new Europe wide classification ISCO-08 from Q1 2011 onwards. To allow this requirement to be met the CSO changed to using UK SOC 2010 as the primary classification, from which ISCO-08 can be derived. This change was also implemented for 2011 Census results.

 

 

Economic sector (2.7)

 

The classification used for economic sectors is NACE Rev. 2 which is the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community. NACE is an acronym, (Nomenclature générale des Activités économiques dans les Communautés Européennes), used to designate the various statistical classifications of economic activities developed since 1970 in the European Union.

 

 

Usual hours worked (2.8, 2.9)

 

The number of hours usually worked covers all hours including extra hours, either paid or unpaid, which the person normally works, but excludes the travel time between the home and the place of work as well as the main meal breaks (normally taken at midday). Persons who usually also work at home are asked to include the number of hours they usually work at home. Apprentices, trainees and other persons in vocational training are asked to exclude the time spent in school or other special training centres. When a respondent is unable to provide a figure for usual hours (because their hours vary considerably over time), the average of the hours actually worked per week over the past four weeks is used as a measure of usual hours.

 

 

Unemployment rate (2.11, 2.13, 2.14) and long-term unemployment rate (2.12)

 

The unemployment rate is the number of persons unemployed expressed as a percentage of the (ILO) labour force.

 

The long-term unemployment rate is the number of persons unemployed for one year or more expressed as a percentage of the (ILO) labour force.

 

 

 

3.       Social cohesion and lifestyles

 

 

Principal Economic Status (3.1)

 

This classification is based on a single question in which respondents are asked what situation with regard to employment and given the following response categories:

 

• At work
• Unemployed
• Student
• Looking after home/family
• Retired
• Other.

 

 

Income liable for social insurance (3.2, 3.3)

 

These tables are based on data supplied to the CSO from the Department of Social Protection and Revenue and refer to all income (from both employees and the self-employed) which is liable for social insurance. In general, the earnings or income details for all persons, except the self-employed, relate to income from employment and do not include any social welfare payments, investment incomes or rental income. They could, however, include private pension incomes. The income details for self-employed persons contain all returns including earnings, rental and investment incomes.

 

Private pension contributions are not liable for social insurance contributions and hence are not included in the income figures. In some cases this may be a very significant exclusion.

 

Persons with no income or for whom date of birth or sex was not available were excluded from these tables.

 

The age groups for these tables are based on the ages of persons at 31 December 2011. The tables only include persons aged between 15 and 84 years. The proportion of persons in each age group in the population covered by these tables is given below. It should be noted that the proportions are low for persons aged 15-24 and for persons aged 65-84, with only 49.6% of men and 53.5% of women aged 15-24 and only 58.9% of men and 31.2% of women aged 65-84 represented in these tables.

 

	% of age group
Age group		Men	Women
15-24		49.6	53.5
25-34		83.7	82.8
35-44		79.9	71.6
45-54		75.5	69.1
55-64		70.1	57.0
65-84		58.9	31.2
Total aged 15-84		70.9	63.2

 

 

 

Gender pay gap (3.4)

 

The unadjusted gender pay gap is published by Eurostat and represents the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees. From reference year 2006 onwards the gender pay gap is based on the methodology of the EU Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) which is carried out with a four-yearly periodicity. In Ireland the SES is known as the National Employment Survey (NES). The most recent available reference year for the SES is 2010.   For subsequent years countries provide to Eurostat gender pay gap estimates benchmarked on the SES results. The target population consists of all paid employees in enterprises with 10 employees or more in NACE rev.2 aggregate B to S (excluding O). This covers all economic sectors with the exception of Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Public administration and defence, Activities of households as employers and Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies.

 

 

At risk of poverty rate (3.5, 3.6. 3.7)

 

The at risk of poverty rate before/after social transfers and pensions (i.e., old-age and survivors’ benefits) shows the percentage of persons in the total population having an equivalised disposable income before/after social transfers and pensions that is below the national ‘at risk of poverty threshold’ which is set at 60% of the national median equivalised disposable income.

 

Data for Tables 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7 are obtained from the SILC survey (Community Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) and the EU definition of income is used. The national definition of income is used in the CSO publication ‘Survey on Income and Living Conditions in Ireland’. The key differences between the national and EU definitions of income are:

 

• The EU definition of gross income does not include income from private pensions. These are defined as private schemes fully organised by the individual, where contributions are at the discretion of the contributor independently of their employer or the State. Thus, private pensions do not include occupational or State pensions.
• The EU definition of income does not include the value of goods produced for own consumption, while the national definition does.
• All contributions to pension plans, except for those to private pension plans, are deducted from gross income when calculating disposable income under the EU definition. No pension contributions of any kind are deducted from gross income in the calculation of disposable income for national purposes from the national definition of income.
• Employer’s social insurance contributions are included in the national definition of income. They are deducted from gross income in the calculation of net income. They are not included in any EU calculations of income. Employer’s social insurance contributions include contributions to private health insurance and life assurance schemes.

 

For EU at risk of poverty rates, the equivalised disposable income for each person is calculated as the household total net income divided by the equivalised household size according to the modified OECD scale (which gives a weight of 1.0 to the first adult, 0.5 to other persons aged 14 or over who are living in the household and 0.3 to each child aged less than 14). The national equivalence scale used to obtain the equivalised household size attributes a weight of 1 to the first adult in a household, 0.66 to each subsequent adult (aged 14+ living in the household) and 0.33 to each child aged less than 14. The purpose of an equivalence scale is to account for the size and composition of different income units (households) and thus allows for a more accurate comparison between households. However, numerous scales have been developed, and there is no real consensus as regards the most appropriate scale to use. For EU purposes, the modified OECD scale has been accepted to allow comparison across countries.

 

 

Early school leavers (3.8)

 

Early school leavers are persons aged 18 to 24 meeting the following two conditions (numerator):

 

• the highest level of education or training attained is ISCED 0, 1 or 2 (see notes in section 4 – Education); and
• respondents declared as not having received any education or training in the four weeks preceding the survey.

 

The denominator consists of the total population of the same age group, excluding persons who did not respond to the questions 'highest level of education or training attained’ and ‘participation to education and training’. Both the numerators and the denominators come from the European Union Labour Force Survey – the Quarterly National Household Survey (QNHS) in Ireland.

 

 

Lone parents (3.9, 3.10)

 

A lone parent family unit consists of one parent and one or more of his or her never-married children. The number of lone parent family units may be understated as there are problems identifying lone parent families particularly where the lone parent lives with his/her parents. The QNHS does not specifically ask a person if he or she is a lone parent.

 

 

One-parent family payments (3.11)

 

One-Parent Family Payment is a means-tested payment which is made to men or women who are caring for a child or children without the support of a partner. The scheme was introduced on 2 January 1997, and replaced the Lone Parents Allowance and Deserted Wife’s Benefit schemes.

 

 

Members of Parliament (3.12)

 

The data in this table have been compiled by the Inter-Parliamentary Union (www.ipu.org) on the basis of information provided by national parliaments in the reference year.

 

 

Women and men in decision-making (3.13)

 

The data for State Boards are as of 31 December 2013. The other national and regional figures describe the position in 2013.

 

 

Civil service general service grades (3.14)

 

The number of persons at each grade should be taken as broadly correct as the distinction between general service and technical grade staff is not fully precise. Data in this table refer to the situation at December 2013 and exclude the Irish Prison Service, Foreign Affairs Local Recruits Serving Abroad, the National Gallery and the Commission for Public Service Appointments.

 

 

Grants to high-performance athletes (3.17, 3.18)

 

The International Carding Scheme was introduced in 1998 to provide a range of supports to assist elite athletes realise their potential to perform successfully at the highest international level. The Carding Scheme is administered by the Irish Sports Council. Following a review of the scheme it was decided that grants to junior and developmental athletes would be excluded from the scheme from 2012. Payments in respect of these athletes are incorporated into general grant payments to the relevant National Governing Bodies under the High Performance Planning programme.

 

 

 

4.       Education

 

 

ISCED (4.2, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8)

 

The International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) is the basis for international education statistics.

 

ISCED 0 Pre-primary level of education

Initial stage of organised instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment.

 

ISCED 1 Primary level of education

Programmes normally designed to give students a sound basic education in reading, writing and mathematics.

 

ISCED 2 Lower secondary level of education

The lower secondary level of education generally continues the basic programmes of the primary level, although teaching is typically more subject-focused, often employing more specialised teachers who conduct classes in their field of specialisation.

 

ISCED 3 Upper secondary level of education

The final stage of secondary education in most countries. Instruction is often more organised along subject-matter lines than at ISCED level 2 and teachers typically need to have a higher level, or more subject-specific, qualification than at ISCED 2. There are substantial differences in the typical duration of ISCED 3 programmes both across and between countries, typically ranging from 2 to 5 years of schooling.

 

ISCED 4 Post secondary non-tertiary education

These programmes straddle the boundary between upper secondary and post-secondary education from an international point of view, even though they may be considered as upper secondary or post-secondary in a national context. They are often not significantly more advanced than programmes at level 3 but they serve to broaden the knowledge of participants who have already completed a level 3 programme. The students tend to be older than those in ISCED 3 programmes and have usually completed ISCED 3.

 

ISCED 5 First stage of tertiary education

ISCED 5 programmes have an educational content more advanced than those offered at levels 3 and 4. Entry to these programmes normally requires the successful completion of ISCED level 3 or a similar qualification at ISCED level 4.

 

ISCED 5A: These programmes are largely theoretically based and are intended to provide sufficient qualifications for gaining entry into advanced research programmes and professions with high skills requirements. The minimum cumulative theoretical duration of these programmes is three years (full-time equivalent). The faculty must have advanced research credentials. Completion of a research project or thesis may be required.

 

ISCED 5B: These programmes are generally more practical/technical and occupational specific than ISCED 5A programmes. They do not prepare students for direct access to advanced research programmes. The programme content is typically designed to prepare students to enter a particular occupation.

 

ISCED 6 Second stage of tertiary education

This level is reserved for tertiary programmes leading to the award of an advanced research qualification. The programmes are developed to advanced study and original research. This level requires the submission of a thesis or dissertation of publishable quality that is the product of original research and represents a significant contribution to knowledge. It is not solely based on course work and it prepares recipients for faculty posts in institutions offering ISCED 5A programmes, as well as research posts in government and industry.

 

 

Classroom teachers (4.6. 4.7)

 

Classroom teachers are defined as professional personnel involved in direct student instruction, including the planning, organising and conducting of group activities whereby students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes develop as stipulated by educational programmes.

 

The classification includes:

• Classroom teachers
• Special education teachers in whichever setting they teach
• Other teachers who work with students as a whole class in a classroom, in small groups in a resource room, or one-on-one inside or outside a regular classroom

 

but excludes:

• Educational staff who have some teaching duties but whose primary function is not teaching (e.g. it is managerial or administrative)
• Student teachers, teachers’ aides, or paraprofessionals
• School management personnel with teaching responsibilities.

 

Country specific notes:

 

Belgium	ISCED 4 included in ISCED 3. Data excludes the German community and students in private independent institutions.
Cyprus	ISCED 3 includes ISCED 2.
Czech Republic	ISCED 3 includes ISCED 4 and ISCED 5B.
Denmark	ISCED 2 is included in ISCED 1.
Estonia	ISCED 3 includes vocational programmes at ISCED 2 and 4.
Finland	ISCED 3 includes ISCED 4.
Iceland	ISCED 4 is partly included in ISCED 3. ISCED 2 is included in ISCED 1.
Ireland	ISCED 3 includes ISCED 2 and 4.
Italy	Public sector only.
Lithuania	ISCED 3 included in ISCED 2.
	Special education needs additional teachers included at ISCED 1 and 2.
	Includes teachers in public gymnasium at ISCED 2.
Luxembourg	ISCED 3 includes teachers from ISCED 2 private institutions.
Macedonia	ISCED 3 includes ISCED 4.
Netherlands	ISCED 1 includes ISCED 0. ISCED 3 includes ISCED 2 and 4. Public sector only.
Norway	ISCED 3 includes ISCED 4. Public sector only.
Portugal	ISCED 4 included in ISCED 3.
United Kingdom	ISCED 3 includes ISCED 4.

 

 

School management personnel (4.8)

 

Head-teachers are defined as school-level management personnel such as principals, assistant principals, headmasters, assistant headmasters and other management staff with similar responsibilities. It excludes receptionists, secretaries, clerks and other staff who support the administrative activities of the school. Head-teachers may have teaching-responsibilities. If so, the amount of teaching is included in the number of full-time equivalent teachers, while when undertaking head-counts, the personnel is pro-rated between functions to get a correct count of individuals in total employed in education.

 

 

 

5.       Health

 

 

Life expectancy (5.1, 5.2)

 

The mean number of years still to be lived by a person who has reached a certain exact age, if subjected throughout the rest of his or her life to current mortality conditions (age-specific probabilities of dying).

 

 

Age-sex specific death rates (5.3, 5.4)

 

The number of male/female deaths in a particular age group as a proportion of the number (in units of 100,000) of men/women of that age group in the population.

 

 

Cause of death categories (5.5)

 

Deaths are coded according to the ninth revision of the International Standard Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of death.

 

 

Medical cards (5.6)

 

Persons who are unable without undue hardship to arrange General Practitioner medical and surgical services plus dental and optometric services for themselves and their dependants are provided with such services free of charge by being provided with a medical card issued by the HSE. Between 2001 and 2008 everyone aged 70 and over was entitled to a medical card; however, from January 2009 only persons with income under certain limits are entitled to a card. All existing medical cards for people aged over 70 were valid until 2 March 2009 and after that date the cards remain valid only if the person’s income is below the relevant income threshold. Data in Table 5.6 on medical cards refer to the situation on 31 December 2013.

 

An eligible person is entitled to select a doctor of his/her choice, from among those doctors who have entered into agreements with Health Boards.

 

 

Acute hospital discharges (5.7, 5.8)

 

Data on hospital discharges are obtained from the Hospital In-patient Enquiry (HIPE) system. HIPE is a health information system designed to collect clinical and administrative data on activity from all publicly funded acute hospitals. The Economic and Social Research Institute manages the HIPE system.

 

 

National Intellectual Disability Database (5.9)

 

The National Intellectual Disability Database was established in 1995 to ensure that information is available to enable the Department of Health, the HSE and voluntary agencies in the Republic of Ireland to provide appropriate services designed to meet the changing needs of people with intellectual disability (mental handicap) and their families.

 

The database was established on the principle that minimum information with maximum accuracy was preferred, hence it incorporates only three basic elements of information:

 

• demographic details
• current service provision
• future service requirements.

 

The objective is to obtain this information for every individual known to have an intellectual disability and assessed as being in receipt of, or in need of, an intellectual disability service. Information pertaining to diagnosis is specifically excluded, as the database is not designed as a medical epidemiological tool. The data held in any individual record represent the information available for that person at a specified point in time only. The record is updated whenever there are changes in the person’s circumstances or during the annual review process in the spring of each year.

 

 

Admissions to psychiatric hospitals (5.10)

 

This covers admissions to all psychiatric in-patient facilities in Ireland. Data on admissions are obtained from two main sources, the National Psychiatric In-Patient Reporting System (NPIRS) and the Department of Health’s annual end-of-year returns.

 

 

Carer’s Allowance and Benefit ( 5.11, 5.12)

 

Carer's Allowance is a payment for carers on low incomes who live with and look after certain people in need of full-time care and attention.

 

Carer's Benefit is a payment made to insured persons who leave the workforce to care for a person(s) in need of full-time care and attention.

 

 

Carers (5.13)

 

Data on carers were derived from answers to question 22 of the 2011 Census of Population questionnaire which asked persons aged 15 years and over whether an individual provided regular unpaid personal help for a friend or family member with a long-term illness, health problem or disability (including problems due to old age). Personal help includes help with basic tasks such as feeding or dressing. Receipt of “Carer’s Allowance” was not considered payment for the purposes of this question. "Meals on Wheels” staff were not considered carers for the purpose of this question.

 

 

Health Service Personnel (5.14)

 

Data are from the Personnel Census of the Department of Health and reflects the position as of 31 December 2013.

 

 

 

Appendix 2: Eurostat and United Nations data sources