SDG 10.a.1 Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariff; information is available from EU trade agreements.
Definition: The UN SDG metadata repository gives the definition for SDG 10.a.1
EU Trade Agreements are outlined by the European Commission on its website:
The EU currently has the largest trade agreement network in the world, with over 40 individual agreements with more than 70 countries. These agreements facilitate trade in goods and services between the EU and its external partners. New agreements continue to be added to the network, while and older agreements are reviewed and updates negotiated with the partner countries.
Some of the agreements focus mainly on tariff elimination:
Other agreements include much broader commitments on opening up trade in goods and services, as well as investment, public procurement, competition, subsidies and regulatory issues:
These agreements aim to develop stronger rules-based and values-based trade regimes with the trading partners concerned and include specific provisions on trade and sustainable development.
Recent agreements have also specific provisions to address the challenges faced by modern economies and societies, such as the Economic Partnership Agreement with Japan, which includes a chapter on small and medium-sized enterprises and specific provisions on information and telecommunications services and e-commerce.
Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) are trade and development agreements negotiated between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. These are asymmetric trade agreements in which the concerned African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries liberalise around 80% of trade over a period of 15 to 20 years, while the EU grants duty-free, quota-free access from day one.
In addition, for developing countries without an EPA/FTA, the EU’s Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) removes import duties from products coming into the EU market from vulnerable developing countries (under the Standard GSP/GSP+ arrangements of that Scheme). By removing such import duties, the EU’s GSP helps developing countries to alleviate poverty and create jobs based on international values and principles, including labour and human rights, environment and climate protection, and good governance. Least-developed countries continue to benefit from EBA preferences under the Scheme, even if an EPA/FTA is in place.
SDG 10.b.1 Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. Official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows); information is published by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Definition: The UN SDG metadata repository gives the definition for SDG 10.b.1
The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Irish Aid publishes the Government of Ireland’s Official Development Assistance Annual Report. Ireland’s 2025 ODA has been submitted to the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) for verification with the 2025 Annual Report to be launched shortly. Ireland’s ODA Annual Report 2024 provides information on Official Development Assistance (ODA), extracted here.
Ireland’s ODA in 2024 amounted to a total of €2.35 billion, representing 0.56% of Gross National Income (GNI). With first-year Ukrainian refugee costs excluded, the percentage of GNI was 0.41%, an increase from 0.38% in 2023. This includes funding for development and humanitarian programmes around the world. See Table 7.1 and Table 7.2.
This support is delivered by working bilaterally with Governments, as well as with multilateral partners such as the UN and over 400 Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) partners.
Ireland’s support for NGOs alone benefited over 8 million lives in over 100 countries.
In 2024, Ireland ranked among the top 20 donors globally in terms of total humanitarian support. Ireland reacted quickly with funding in response to major crises, including Gaza, Sudan and Lebanon. Ireland currently chairs the Advisory Group of the UN Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), the world’s largest humanitarian fund.
Through our climate action, Ireland continues to prioritise adaptation in the countries most vulnerable to climate change, as exemplified by our dedicated Strategy for Partnership with Small Island Developing States (SIDS). In 2024, Ireland was Co-Chair of the UN Steering Committee for SIDS Partnerships.
Globally, 2024 was a year of immense challenges and pressures on democratic processes and institutions. Our work on strengthening governance supports projects on electoral reform, anti-corruption and strengthening national institutions.
In 2024, Irish Aid funded 258 civil society organisations globally, bolstering civil society space worldwide.
Ireland consistently ranks among the OECD member countries with the highest annual proportion of ODA invested in gender equality. Gender equality is a cross-cutting priority in all of our interventions. In 2024, Ireland was vice chair of the OECD DAC Network on Gender Equality (GenderNet) for a third consecutive year.
The five countries which received the highest amounts of bilateral ODA from Ireland in 2024 were:
Detailed information on Ireland’s Official Development Assistance (ODA) is published in the OECD report Development Co‑operation Profiles: Ireland, and outlined here.
Ireland is committed to several international targets and DAC standards and recommendations. Learn more about DAC Recommendations.
Ireland provided most of its ODA bilaterally in 2024. Gross bilateral ODA was 70.7% of total ODA disbursements. Of this, 16.6% was channelled through multilateral organisations (earmarked contributions).
In 2024, Ireland provided USD 1.1 billion of gross ODA to the multilateral system, an increase of 7.7% in real terms from 2023. Of this, USD 745.6 million was core multilateral ODA (29.3% of total ODA), while USD 310.1 million was non-core contributions earmarked for a specific country, region, theme or purpose. Project-type funding earmarked for a specific theme and/or country accounted for 18.1% of Ireland’s non-core contributions, and 81.9% was programmatic funding (to pooled funds and specific-purpose programmes and funds).
The United Nations (UN) system received 33.3% of Ireland’s contributions to multilateral organisations, of which USD 219.5 million (62.5%) represented earmarked contributions. Out of a total volume of USD 351.1 million to the UN system, the top three UN recipients of Ireland’s support (core and earmarked contributions) were United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (USD 65.2 million), World Food Programme (USD 49.3 million) and United Nations Children’s Fund (USD 41.2 million).
See the section on Geographic, sectoral and thematic focus of ODA for the breakdown of bilateral allocations, including ODA earmarked through the multilateral development system.
SDG 10.c.1 Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted; information is published by the World Bank.
Definition: The UN SDG metadata repository gives the definition for SDG 10.c.1, and states:
The target includes two components. The first component is that transaction costs for migrant remittances should be 3% or less by 2030. This transaction cost should be intended as “Global average total cost of sending $200 (USD) (or equivalent in local sending currency) and expressed as % of amount sent”. This indicator is readily available and published on a quarterly basis by the World Bank in the Remittance Prices Worldwide (RPW) database, which covers 365 country corridors, from 48 sending to 105 receiving countries. The second component is to eliminate corridor where cost is 5% or higher. This should be intended in the sense that it should be possible for remittance senders to send money to the beneficiary for an average cost of 5% or less of the amount sent. For this purpose, it should suffice that in each corridor there are at least 3 services, meeting a defined set of service requirements (including service quality, reach, etc.), for which the average is 5% or less.
Information on the World Bank Remittance Prices Worldwide (RPW) website provides data on the cost of sending and receiving small amounts of money from one country to another. Called remittances, these international transfers are often initiated by migrant workers. The aggregate cash flows and the number of participants are enormous. In fact, the World Bank estimates that remittances totalled $575 billion (USD) in 2016, $429 billion (USD) of which went to developing countries, involving some 232 million migrants.
In many cases, the cost to consumers of these remittance transactions is expensive relative to the often low incomes of migrant workers, the amounts sent, and the income of remittance recipients. Therefore, any reduction in remittance transfer price would result in more money remaining in the pockets of migrants and their families, and would have a significant effect on the income levels of remittance families. Indeed, if the cost of sending remittances could be reduced by 5 percentage points relative to the value sent, remittance recipients in developing countries would receive over $16 billion (USD) more each year than they do now. This added income could then provide remittance recipients more opportunity for consumption, savings, and investment in local economies.
Remittance prices are high for many reasons, including underdeveloped financial infrastructure in some countries, limited competition, regulatory obstacles, lack of access to the banking sector by remittance senders and/or receivers, and difficulties for migrants to obtain the necessary identification documentation to enter the financial mainstream.
The World Bank Remittance Prices Worldwide (RPW) website provides data on the cost of sending and receiving relatively small amounts of money from one country to another. Data cover 377 country corridors worldwide, from 48 remittance sending countries to 111 receiving countries. The calculation is based on the basic methodology, and non-transparent services are not considered when calculating the global average total cost.
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