SDG 10.4.1 Labour share of GDP; information in relation to this indicator is published by CSO, National Accounts Division.
Definition: The UN SDG metadata repository gives the definition for: Metadata-10-04-01.pdf
The CSO does not publish the Labour Share of GDP according to the UN SDG definition. The CSO’s National Accounts Division published Productivity in Ireland 2022 – 2023 which provides a conceptually similar statistic called the Labour Share of Gross Value Added (GVA) which is compiled in accordance with Labour Productivity guidelines from the OECD. While the names of both statistics are similar, the definitions of these statistics are different in several important ways and therefore should not be treated as equivalent. Details on the compilation of the Labour Share of GVA from the Labour Productivity analysis can be found in the publication’s Background Notes.
The labour share is the proportion of Gross Value Added (GVA) attributed to labour (in the form of wages, social contributions and self-employed income) with the remainder being attributed to capital (as profits). An increasing labour share is associated with an increase in returns to labour i.e. higher wages, more entrants into the labour force or decreasing returns to capital. On the other hand, a decreasing labour share implies that workers are receiving relatively lower compensation for their output which could also be explained by increases in profits.
The Irish labour share has been heavily influenced by the activities of foreign-owned multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the economy on account of the high concentration of intangible capital assets in these companies. As a result of the rapid growth of the Foreign sector, particularly since 2015, Ireland has had a very low labour share when compared to many EU countries.
Table 5.1 compares the labour share for the total economy with that for the Foreign and Domestic & Other sector. In 2023, the labour share for the total economy grew to 32%. This constitutes the first year during which the labour share for the Total economy has grown since 2015. In 2023, the labour share continued to be significantly larger in the Domestic sector (53.5%) than the Foreign sector (10.2%), although the gap between these sectors has exhibited a general downward trend since 2016. See Table 5.1.
SDG 10.4.2 Redistributive impact of fiscal policy; information is indicated by data published by the CSO, Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC).
Definition: The UN SDG metadata repository gives the definition for: Metadata-10-04-02.pdf
The CSO, Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) is the CSO’s annual household survey covering a broad range of issues in relation to income and living conditions. Information from the SILC 2025 is presented here.
The quintile share ratio is the ratio of the total equivalised disposable income received by the 20% of persons with the highest income (fifth quintile) to that received by the 20% of persons with the lowest income (first quintile).
In SILC 2025, the quintile share ratio stood at 3.9, indicating that the total income of the richest 20% was almost four times that of the poorest 20%. The corresponding value for 2024 and 2023 was 3.8, and was 3.9 in 2022. See Table 5.2
The Gini coefficient measures income equality across the entire income distribution. It is the ratio of the area between the line of perfect equality and the observed Lorenz curve to the area between the line of perfect equality and the line of perfect inequality. A Gini coefficient value of 0% denotes perfect equality, indicating that income is distributed equally amongst all persons. A Gini Coefficient of 100% would denote perfect inequality where all the income is held by one person.
The Gini coefficient is typically calculated on equivalised disposable income. If calculated using equivalised gross market income only (i.e. employment, pension and other income) the Gini coefficient was 45.5%. In other words, the Gini coefficient before social transfers and taxes and deductions in 2025 was 45.5%, which was slightly up from 45.0% in 2024 but down from 47.0% in 2023 and 47.3% in 2022; indicating increased equality in the distribution equivalised gross market income in 2024 and 2025 compared to 2022 and 2023.
Adding gross market income and social transfers, the Gini coefficient of equivalised gross income was 35.7% in 2025.
Finally, after deducting tax, social insurance contributions, pension contributions, and inter-household transfers paid, the Gini coefficient for net equivalised disposable income was 27.4%, up from 26.9% in 2024 and slightly down from 27.5% in SILC 2023. This illustrates the income redistributive effect of the social welfare and taxation systems on reducing income inequality. See Table 5.3.
SDG 10.5.1 Financial soundness indicators; information is available from the UN SDG Global Database.
Definition: The UN SDG metadata repository gives the definition for: SDG 10.5.1
Seven Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs) are included as SDG indicators for 10.5.1 and expressed as percent:
(1) Regulatory Tier 1 capital to assets
(2) Regulatory Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
(3) Nonperforming loans net of provisions to capital
(4) Nonperforming loans to total gross loans
(5) Return on assets
(6) Liquid assets to short-term liabilities
(7) Net open position in foreign exchange to capital
Data for Ireland’s Seven Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs) is available from the UN SDG Global Database. See Table 5.4.
SDG 10.6.1 Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in International Organizations; information is published on the UN SDG Global Database.
Definition: The UN SDG metadata repository gives the definition for: SDG 10.6.1
The proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizations has two components, the developing country proportion of voting rights and the developing country proportion of membership in international organisations. In some institutions these two components are identical.
Ireland's proportion of members in International Organisations and of Voting Rights in International Organisations is shown in Table 5.5.
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