You are here: Home / Statistics / International Trade in Services 2023

International Trade in Services 2023

Ireland’s International Trade in Services recorded a surplus of €11.7bn in 2023

CSO statistical publication, 16 January 2025, 11am

Key Findings

Ireland’s Trade in Services recorded a surplus of €11.7bn in 2023, up €2bn from a surplus of €9.7bn in 2022.
Total service exports increased by €27.4bn while total service imports grew by €25.3bn in 2023.
US, UK, Germany, the Netherlands and France remain Ireland’s most significant trading partners.
Exports to Europe rose by €11bn to €194.4bn while exports to Asia grew by €6.9bn to €87.6bn, both mainly due to increased computer services exports. Exports to the US grew by €5.2bn to €52.8bn in 2023.
Imports from the US rose by €7.7bn to €186.6bn due to increased royalty services imports and imports from Europe grew by €3.8bn to €110.2bn in 2023.
Computer services exports at €228.2bn remained the largest export category and royalties/licences service imports at €141.8bn remained the largest import category.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) today (16 January 2025) published the International Trade in Services 2023.

Commenting on the release, Annette Hayes, Statistician in the International Accounts Division said: "Ireland’s Trade in Services recorded a surplus of €11.7bn in 2023, up €2bn from a surplus of €9.7bn in 2022. This surplus was mainly due to growth in computer service exports of €23.3bn which were offset by increased business service import, royalty imports and tourism & travel imports. The US, UK, Germany, the Netherlands and France remained Ireland’s most significant trading partners."

International Trade in Services						€ million
	2022			2023
	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Total	371,648	361,951	9,697	399,014	387,296	11,718
of which:
USA	47,558	178,886	-131,328	52,755	186,597	-133,842
UK	44,978	28,133	16,845	46,708	29,954	16,754
Germany	25,425	9,134	16,291	27,945	10,947	16,998
Netherlands	14,096	21,959	-7,863	14,974	14,293	681

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2023 Headline Table (XLS 10KB)

	Exports	Imports
Europe	194430	110224
North America	56418	188272
Asia	87570	38068
Other	60596	50732

Service surplus of €11.7bn in 2023

Total services exports increased by €27.4bn from €371.6bn in 2022 to €399bn in 2023. Total services imports rose by €25.3bn from €362bn in 2022 to €387.3bn in 2023. The increase in services exports was principally due to growth in computer services exports (+€23.3bn) while the rise in services imports was predominantly due to increases in business services (+€12.8bn), royalty services imports (+€5.4bn), and tourism & travel services imports (+€4bn). As a result, the services surplus went up by €2bn from €9.7bn in 2022 to €11.7bn in 2023. US, UK, Germany, the Netherlands and France remained Ireland’s most significant trading partners.

Computer services exports at €228.2bn remained the largest export category and accounted for 57.2% of total services exports in 2023. Royalties/licences services imports, at €141.8bn, along with R&D services imports at €53.4bn, were the largest import categories. When combined, these two import categories accounted for 50.4% of total services imports in 2023 (See Table 1).

Table 1 Exports and Imports of Services by Category 2022 and 2023

Services exports to Europe increased by €11bn to €194.4bn between 2022 and 2023

Services exports to Europe (€194.4bn) rose by €11bn between 2022 and 2023 due mainly to increased computer services exports (+€8.7bn) and tourism & transport services exports (+€2.5bn). The growth in computer service exports were predominantly to Germany (+€1.7bn), Italy and Luxembourg (+€1.1bn and +€1.2bn) and the UK (+€0.8bn), (See Tables 2a - 2c).

Services exports to the US (€52.8n) rose by €5.2bn in the same period due to larger business services and computer service exports. Services exports to Asia grew by €6.9bn to €87.6bn. Exports to Japan (€12.9bn) decreased by €1.2bn while exports to China (€10.8bn) went up by €0.3bn.

Services imports from the US grew by €7.7bn to €186.6bn between 2022 and 2023

Services imports from Europe (€110.2bn) grewsed by €3.8bn between 2022 and 2023 due to increased other services imports (€6.2bn), tourism and travel services (€2.7bn) and business services imports (€1.9bn) which were offset by decreased royalty services imports (-€8.3bn). Service imports from Netherlands fell by €7.7bn while service imports from Switzerland, UK, Germany and France rose by €3.9bn, €1.8bn, €1.8bn and €1.6bn respectively.

In the same period, services imports from the US (€186.6bn) went up by €7.7bn due to increased royalty/licences services imports (€13bn) while services imports from Asia (€38.1bn) and Offshore centres (€17.9bn) declined marginally by €0.8bn and €0.2bn respectively. (See Tables 2b & 2d).

	2023
Luxembourg	327.9
Malta	177
Ireland	145.7
Cyprus	126.6
Denmark	56.1
Belgium	47.4
Netherlands	47
Switzerland	41.3
Greece	34.5
Austria	33.1
European Union - 27 countries (from 2020)	30.4
Hungary	29
Portugal	28.3
France	21.1
Germany	21
Spain	18.4
Italy	13.2

Ireland’s total services exports and imports at 134.2% of GDP in 2023

Total services exports and imports as a percentage of GDP for selected European countries is presented in Figure 2. Ireland’s total services exports and imports as percentage of GDP at 145.7% was the third highest in Europe in 2023.

Table 2A Exports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2023

Table 2a Export of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2023																	€ million
Region/Country	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel¹	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services²	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
Exports												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	194,430	802	9,689	3,212	11,411	13,924	6,730	79	110,279	13,102	25,201	1,750	5,832	..	..	392	..	12,795
of which:
Belgium	5,564	5	318	78	85	142	25	2	2,811	166	1,930	..	61	..	1	..	..	234
France	15,364	..	795	348	1,563	648	288	..	7,600	1,614	2,434	13	950	..	..	33	..	1,247
Germany	27,945	15	1,520	541	2,701	829	297	9	17,907	2,669	1,457	53	396	..	..	29	..	592
Italy	11,721	3	696	245	2,163	..	..	1	5,956	1,011	915	11	315	17	0	..	0	..
Luxembourg	8,980	5	16	21	84	2,136	24	..	5,284	..	1,080	13	45	..	..	..	..	805
Netherlands	14,974	2	348	177	203	1,682	..	9	6,195	..	1,570	..	261	38	..	12	0	825
Spain	5,697	7	527	234	268	249	51	0	2,721	459	1,181	8	457	55	0	10	0	651
Sweden	6,300	..	260	51	262	158	219	..	3,932	609	806	276	264	55	0	2	0	208
Switzerland	8,282	..	164	4	214	224	319	..	6,049	7	904	171	63	..	..	..	..	435
United Kingdom	46,708	257	3,788	1,162	2,944	6,702	580	49	20,078	4,173	6,976	173	953	..	..	218	..	4,481

EMU 20³	106,559	..	4,814	1,853	7,421	6,413	5,457	..	58,893	7,434	14,108	1,049	3,185	..	..	..	..	6,939
EU 27⁴	128,420	..	5,677	2,030	7,959	6,684	5,806	..	75,612	8,530	15,946	1,390	3,946	..	..	..	..	7,507

North America	56,418	..	752	2,176	2,305	1,622	4,060	..	19,002	8,044	16,587	4,647	1,761	..	..	..	..	..
of which:
Canada	3,662	2	42	344	20	118	279	0	660	1,253	944	15	285	..	..	..	0	..
United States	52,755	..	709	1,832	2,285	1,504	3,782	..	18,342	6,789	15,643	4,632	1,476	..	..	..	..	3,255

Central America	4,089	..	0	2	339	552	216	..	1,445	34	1,494	..	664	..	..	..	..	459
of which:
Bermuda	329	0	0	0	169	71	1	8	17	0	63	..	..	10	0	0	0	..

South America	4,145	3	2	3	163	24	38	0	2,315	248	1,349	..	1,168	..	0	1	..	..
of which:
Brazil	1,076	..	0	3	61	6	..	0	201	178	617	1	586	1	0	0	0	27

Asia	87,570	66	2	613	1,252	636	..	..	63,124	4,710	14,338	343	8,377	..	..	71	..	1,108
of which:
China	10,848	2	0	256	326	8	49	1	..	..	2,517	56	1,875	387	1	2	7	190
Japan	12,874	4	0	9	..	155	..	1	9,638	1,147	1,035	..	143	..	1	..	..	370
South Korea	3,764	1	0	0	..	27	31	9	..	848	732	42	557	23	0	1	0	107
Taiwan, Province of China	1,983	0	0	0	52	42	..	2	..	237	360	1	323	..	..	..	..	27

Africa	8,120	2	0	15	99	199	..	2	..	253	844	..	680	..	0	0	..	155
of which:
South Africa	4,557	2	0	0	58	164	..	0	..	210	148	1	49	1	0	0	0	97

Oceania and Polar regions	10,562	3	6	5	150	53	218	3	..	..	675	9	183	57	1	..	0	..
of which:
Australia	9,656	3	6	5	134	48	215	3	..	..	498	9	105	49	1	..	0	..

Not geographically allocated⁵	..	..	90	956	..	..	1,179	27	17,169	229	..	2,241	..	640	113	3,518	..	1,085
International Organisations	..	..	0	0	..	..	0	..	0	..	..	..	..	0	..	..	0	11

Total	399,014	2,739	10,541	6,982	15,848	22,146	15,299	174	228,218	27,834	69,234	9,315	19,759	..	..	4,397	..	19,772
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	22,881	30	0	70	433	1,010	..	18	..	377	4,244	91	728	..	..	..	..	534
												€ million
¹Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
²Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
³The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia,Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
⁷United States includes Peurto Rico
..Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2023 Table 2(A) (XLS 19KB)

Table 2B Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2023

Table 2b Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2023																	€ million
Region/Country Imports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel¹	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services²	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	110,224	4,303	3,015	9,023	8,709	10,693	13,399	125	1,929	10,703	48,326	7,861	..	12,253	1,995	18,915	..	6,800
of which:
Belgium	7,789	..	288	97	41	..	60	0	19	98	6,080	1,516	0	..	..	1,777	..	59
France	7,611	..	191	1,125	996	355	470	..	194	50	3,621	292	..	..	..	1,746	..	471
Germany	10,947	..	215	254	2,316	..	394	..	246	339	6,060	1,058	..	..	..	2,339	..	827
Italy	5,000	468	70	630	1,621	..	..	..	57	27	1,482	105	0	..	..	560	..	270
Luxembourg	565	0	1	24	117	127	0	..	10	..	217	0	0	..	..	..	..	79
Netherlands	14,293	..	494	205	123	73	..	..	155	246	6,152	..	0	856	..	..	..	348
Spain	5,256	..	75	2,491	160	128	..	..	23	40	1,362	99	..	412	18	689	..	144
Sweden	1,853	..	81	77	66	27	..	0	..	116	1,113	..	..	221	..	..	0	155
Switzerland	15,102	179	113	4	418	36	..	..	21	6,991	2,520	231	..	987	10	935	..	343
United Kingdom	29,954	..	1,077	2,266	2,202	8,213	502	..	432	910	14,201	1,367	..	4,236	433	4,971	..	3,058

EMU 20³	57,554	4,026	1,463	6,168	5,547	2,113	7,873	..	..	2,164	27,366	5,493	..	6,419	1,515	11,003	..	2,879
EU 27⁴	63,519	4,035	1,775	6,725	5,839	2,250	8,052	..	..	2,786	30,586	6,067	..	6,958	1,544	12,645	..	3,304

North America	188,272	..	706	1,349	2,728	7,188	115,928	..	7,828	115	50,671	24,463	..	17,186	3,161	..	..	5,776
of which:
Canada	1,675	..	49	171	14	18	268	..	125	2	953	636	0	166	78	..	..	66
United States⁷	186,597	1,485	657	1,179	2,713	7,170	115,660	200	7,703	113	49,718	23,827	..	17,020	3,083	..	34	5,709

Central America	..	..	59	0	753	125	..	..	146	239	411	62	..	..	..	..	..	96
of which:
Bermuda	505	0	0	0	352	1	..	56	0	0	..	0	0	..	..	..	0	3

South America	..	3	76	0	106	55	..	..	11	218	462	109	..	..	..	..	0	105
of which:
Brazil	280	..	21	0	45	..	0	..	5	3	176	47	0	52	69	0	0	8

Asia	38,068	5,019	1,115	4	1,650	482	..	..	354	4,894	14,815	4,899	..	3,388	440	5,347	..	652
of which:
China	5,490	..	353	0	..	..	..	0	128	80	1,184	478	..	..	..	..	..	113
Japan	2,206	..	111	0	..	85	459	0	29	1	1,350	126	..	119	201	..	0	246
South Korea	393	..	64	0	..	..	0	0	2	1	174	4	..	..	..	..	0	23
Taiwan, Province of China	1,280	..	58	0	45	..	0	0	0	0	331	..	0	..	..	..	0	..

Africa	1,202	..	49	0	92	17	..	..	33	297	712	..	0	164	..	442	0	25
of which:
South Africa	565	..	17	0	68	3	0	..	16	0	460	..	0	..	..	..	0	11

Oceania and Polar regions	2,023	..	12	31	110	18	150	..	16	3	1,675	..	0	151	103	..	0	46
of which:
Australia	1,906	..	7	29	102	12	150	..	15	2	1,581	..	0	147	103	..	0	45

Not geographically allocated⁵	..	..	653	1,811	..	..	2,208	297	1,846	..	..	..	771	..	..	6,278	252	2,772
International Organisations	..	0	0	0	..	..	..	0	0	..	..	0	0	..	..	..	0	5

Total	387,296	11,719	5,684	12,219	14,189	20,340	141,784	791	12,165	18,480	149,925	53,414	1,347	38,120	7,982	32,461	324	16,276
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	17,896	..	99	4	936	424	..	58	87	1,986	4,273	118	..	1,532	110	..	0	180

¹Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
²Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
³The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia,Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
⁷United States includes Peurto Rico
..Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2023 Table 2(B) (XLS 21KB)

Table 2C Exports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2022

Table 2c Exports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2022¹																	€ million
Region/Country Exports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel²	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services³	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	183,446	997	7,221	3,099	10,802	14,263	6,635	77	101,594	11,369	27,389	1,717	5,907	..	..	370	..	13,036
of which:
Belgium	5,791	10	231	72	88	153	31	2	2,547	96	2,560	..	62	..	..	60	0	633
France	14,252	..	578	330	1,247	598	230	..	7,592	1,395	2,243	8	944	..	..	26	..	997
Germany	25,425	13	1,075	527	2,285	763	350	10	16,198	2,702	1,500	50	343	..	..	34	..	559
Italy	10,427	20	490	217	2,418	524	..	..	4,893	864	822	2	299	20	0	6	0	494
Luxembourg	7,359	55	12	23	74	2,125	33	1	4,125	0	912	7	48	224	2	5	0	626
Netherlands	14,096	1	267	162	193	1,488	..	..	5,956	196	1,612	..	236	99	..	14	0	759
Spain	5,382	5	405	252	255	256	59	0	2,581	482	1,087	2	440	83	0	..	..	548
Sweden	6,274	2	198	43	325	203	260	0	3,834	633	777	284	246	49	0	2	0	196
Switzerland	9,321	..	116	3	227	269	439	0	5,657	..	2,247	115	65	..	..	..	..	826
United Kingdom	44,978	477	2,902	1,121	2,756	7,171	569	48	19,303	3,109	7,523	184	903	..	..	102	..	4,870

EMU 20⁴	97,514	..	3,486	1,802	6,922	6,185	5,172	..	52,965	6,615	14,188	1,073	2,993	..	..	..	..	6,585
EU 27⁵	118,182	156	4,124	1,954	7,535	6,485	5,604	30	68,566	7,848	15,880	1,405	3,727	..	..	..	..	6,973

North America	51,033	..	493	1,892	1,920	1,809	5,959	19	16,166	..	12,686	4,432	1,632	2,680	357	381	115	3,089
of which:
Canada	3,474	2	39	104	17	136	233	0	649	1,243	1,051	4	246	..	..	12	..	..
United States	47,558	..	454	1,788	1,903	1,673	5,726	19	15,517	..	11,635	4,428	1,386	..	..	370	..	..

Central America	4,126	..	0	2	278	595	..	5	1,392	..	1,542	..	989	61	..	..	..	286
of which:
Bermuda	328	0	0	0	164	81	1	5	22	0	55	..	0	11	0	..	0	..

South America	3,573	..	6	3	120	31	..	0	1,773	220	1,371	..	1,158	9	..	..	..	200
of which:
Brazil	1,073	..	0	3	46	10	..	0	180	191	631	1	555	3	2	..	0	..

Asia	80,672	49	6	594	1,562	672	1,427	42	54,490	3,517	18,312	..	7,658	..	14	30	..	1,086
of which:
China	10,561	1	0	252	..	29	42	1	..	1	2,599	50	1,890	283	1	2	7	367
Japan	14,062	2	0	0	..	173	..	1	8,753	1,147	3,569	..	116	..	..	..	..	278
South Korea	3,316	1	0	0	..	26	28	9	..	662	674	40	516	23	0	1	0	93
Taiwan, Province of China	1,773	0	0	0	53	49	..	2	..	229	317	..	288	..	0	..	..	23

Africa	6,556	..	0	15	..	216	..	2	..	334	837	..	676	5	..	2	..	150
of which:
South Africa	3,615	..	0	0	61	175	..	0	..	212	173	1	69	3	0	0	0	100

Oceania and Polar regions	10,389	2	3	21	100	..	..	4	..	1,378	1,389	..	202	..	4	6	..	..
of which:
Australia	9,593	2	3	20	95	..	..	4	..	1,255	1,238	..	124	..	4	6	..	..

Not geographically allocated⁶	..	31	64	1,175	..	4,395	451	41	17,265	179	..	..	..	..	..	3,146	..	757
International Organisations	..	0	0	0	..	..	0	0	0	7	..	0	..	0	0	0	0	..

Total	371,648	2,343	7,794	6,801	14,911	22,068	14,854	187	204,946	26,008	71,732	8,441	19,598	..	..	3,947	..	19,065
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	22,691	21	0	69	466	1,079	837	17	12,960	271	6,971	..	1,099	..	1	..	..	318

¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands,Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
..Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2023 Table 2(C) (XLS 21KB)

Table 2D Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2022

Table 2d Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2022¹																	€ million
Region/Country Imports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel²	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services³	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising and market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering and other technical services	Other

Europe	106,385	3,425	2,789	6,332	8,725	10,342	21,728	129	1,987	4,528	46,401	7,486	..	10,947	2,023	19,257	..	6,185
of which:
Belgium	8,029	..	130	52	51	..	53	..	21	81	6,550	1,924	0	..	..	1,969	..	133
France	5,981	..	162	559	856	288	147	..	186	32	3,149	191	..	955	80	1,614	..	266
Germany	9,134	219	234	156	2,552	158	..	..	203	154	5,291	462	..	1,587	123	2,266	..	843
Italy	4,241	369	65	576	1,084	..	8	..	42	28	1,502	99	4	617	26	471	0	286
Luxembourg	830	0	1	0	145	115	5	..	9	..	482	..	0	447	..	..	..	11
Netherlands	21,959	42	502	237	111	82	..	..	153	256	6,920	..	1	..	..	..	1	154
Spain	4,235	..	50	1,659	188	114	..	..	30	33	1,212	99	1	..	..	598	..	151
Sweden	1,566	2	73	27	64	-7	3	0	226	109	1,068	74	..	..	..	577	..	153
Switzerland	11,237	186	88	3	300	62	..	..	39	..	1,763	169	0	..	..	1,002	..	354
United Kingdom	28,133	164	1,092	1,652	1,998	8,145	253	68	515	953	13,292	775	..	3,732	455	5,050	..	3,141

EMU 20⁴	59,271	3,061	1,261	4,332	5,154	1,851	..	..	710	1,308	27,179	5,898	..	..	..	11,218	..	2,116
EU 27⁵	64,490	3,074	1,551	4,636	5,460	1,953	..	..	1,416	1,813	30,100	6,311	..	..	..	12,741	..	2,526

North America	181,348	..	777	1,006	2,440	7,068	102,955	..	6,835	..	54,402	29,849	21	16,941	3,189	104	10	4,288
of which:
Canada	2,462	..	47	316	13	40	266	..	150	2	1,537	1,236	1	156	74	..	..	62
United States	178,886	..	730	690	2,427	7,028	102,688	219	6,686	..	52,864	28,613	20	16,785	3,115	..	..	4,226

Central America	..	..	28	0	481	103	..	56	129	..	363	66	..	107	4	..	0	71
of which:
Bermuda	304	0	0	0	166	..	..	56	0	0	..	0	0	..	..	..	0	0

South America	..	..	116	0	88	60	..	..	22	177	414	113	..	97	73	..	0	64
of which:
Brazil	319	..	32	0	38	..	0	0	17	2	200	49	..	66	59	..	0	13

Asia	38,869	..	1,480	4	2,362	501	..	..	398	4,899	13,253	4,066	436	2,325	521	5,308	0	598
of which:
China	7,053	..	582	0	..	88	0	0	128	101	1,055	411	..	..	..	..	0	..
Japan	2,478	98	155	0	46	86	459	0	43	2	1,589	107	311	..	..	..	..	203
South Korea	364	..	86	0	..	10	0	0	3	1	108	7	2	..	..	..	..	17
Taiwan, Province of China	1,148	..	55	0	..	10	0	0	0	0	261	..	0	..	..	..	0	..

Africa	1,099	..	51	0	..	22	..	0	6	150	748	..	0	155	..	456	..	..
of which:
South Africa	579	0	19	0	102	4	0	0	2	0	452	13	0	125	1	..	0	..

Oceania and Polar regions	1,954	6	10	46	..	25	148	..	42	3	1,693	..	0	170	109	..	0	..
of which:
Australia	2,014	..	5	43	141	19	148	..	19	2	1,629	..	0	168	109	..	0	..

Not geographically allocated⁶	29,347	241	665	796	..	..	1,261	321	1,435	2,468	..	..	884	..	..	5,909	..	3,837
International Organisations	13	0	0	0	..	..	0	0	0	0	..	0	..	0	..	..	0	9

Total	361,951	11,244	5,915	8,183	14,236	20,438	136,379	838	10,854	16,772	137,091	46,414	1,842	..	..	32,467	..	15,127
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	18,128	..	82	3	1,403	369	..	59	138	2,029	3,771	..	31	825	..	..	..	241

¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands,Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
..Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2023 Table 2(D) (XLS 21KB)

Table 3 Exports and Imports of Services classified by country 2022-2023

Table 3 Exports and Imports of Services classified by country, 2022 and 2023						€ million
Region/Country	2022¹			2023
Region/Country	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Algeria	..	12	..	..	9	..
Angola	..	1	..	..	0	..
Argentina	562	388	173	705	398	307
Australia	9,593	2,014	7,579	9,656	1,906	7,750
Austria	2,117	764	1,353	2,219	939	1,280
Bahamas	21	7	14	23	..	..
Bahrain	116	..	..	152	..	..
Barbados	9	..	..	18	..	..
Belarus	156	2	154	..	1	..
Belgium	5,791	8,029	-2,239	5,564	7,789	-2,225
Bermuda	328	304	24	329	505	-175
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	1	..	..	1	..
Brazil	1,073	319	753	1,076	280	797
Virgin Islands, British	..	0	..	40	..	..
Bulgaria	319	269	51	390	218	172
Canada	3,474	2,462	1,013	3,662	1,675	1,987
Cambodia	..	9	..	..	..	..
Cayman Islands	782	558	224	715	520	195
Chile	770	66	703	851	114	737
China	10,561	7,053	3,508	10,848	5,490	5,359
Colombia	518	61	456	630	72	559
Costa Rica	299	355	-56	511	393	118
Croatia	470	168	302	505	186	319
Curacao	5	0	5	..	0	..
Cyprus	1,161	..	..	1,457	..	..
Czech Republic	1,343	450	893	1,524	496	1,028
Denmark	3,156	1,244	1,912	3,239	1,283	1,955
Dominican Republic	33	1	32	48	12	37
Ecuador	..	8	..	137	33	104
Egypt	953	128	825	1,143	146	998
El Salvador	6	3	3	17	5	12
Estonia	281	..	..	394	..	..
Ethiopia	285	5	280	285	..	..
Finland	2,218	699	1,519	2,187	647	1,540
France	14,252	5,981	8,271	15,364	7,611	7,753
Georgia	46	5	41	102	3	99
Germany	25,425	9,134	16,292	27,945	10,947	16,998
Gibraltar	305	..	..	316	..	..
Greece	1,742	1,093	649	2,145	1,405	740
Guernsey	88	23	64	79	..	..
Hong Kong	..	1,145	..	..	1,055	..
Hungary	4,966	165	4,801	5,321	198	5,124
Iceland	193	8	185	214	20	194
India	7,230	6,224	1,006	8,073	6,300	1,773
Indonesia	1,156	74	1,082	1,519	66	1,452
Isle of Man	49	75	-26	103	103	1
Israel	5,348	2,276	3,072	6,047	3,115	2,932
Italy	10,427	4,241	6,186	11,721	5,000	6,721
Jamaica	8	2	7	12	1	10
Japan	14,062	2,478	11,584	12,874	2,206	10,668
Jersey	114	48	66	116	56	60
Jordan	266	..	..	313	..	..
Kazakhstan	523	7	516	740	8	732
Kenya	228	90	139	309	91	219
South Korea	3,316	364	2,951	3,764	393	3,371
Kuwait	508	17	490	667	18	650
Latvia	386	18	368	491	54	437
Lebanon	..	23	..	..	16	..
Libya	..	..	..	..	..	..
Liechtenstein	67	148	-81	69	7	62
Lithuania	395	71	324	468	65	403
Luxembourg	7,359	830	6,529	8,980	565	8,416
Macao	34	0	34	40	..	..
Malaysia	1,493	1,212	280	1,486	735	751
Malta	442	200	243	509	210	299
Marshall Islands	..	0	..	..	..	..
Mauritius	104	29	75	116	94	22
Mexico	1,859	568	1,291	1,979	599	1,380
Montenegro	..	..	..	16	..	..
Morocco	238	126	111	299	170	128
Myanmar	21	13	9	16	11	6
Netherlands	14,096	21,959	-7,862	14,974	14,293	681
New Zealand	713	-66	779	834	..	..
Nigeria	..	83	..	..	55	..
Norway	4,100	723	3,377	4,030	763	3,268
Oman	348	3	344	415	4	412
Pakistan	327	15	312	354	16	338
Panama	475	6	469	194	6	188
Peru	..	20	..	..	21	..
Philippines	906	1,386	-480	1,149	1,410	-260
Poland	3,742	1,039	2,703	4,113	1,451	2,663
Portugal	2,166	922	1,244	2,354	1,049	1,305
Qatar	1,373	85	1,288	2,329	116	2,213
Romania	805	486	318	973	468	505
Russian Federation	2,254	435	1,819	..	117	..
Rwanda	1	0	0	..	0	..
Saudi Arabia	2,357	431	1,927	3,146	228	2,918
Serbia	239	96	143	..	127	..
Singapore	10,188	13,257	-3,069	8,891	13,503	-4,612
Slovakia	374	279	95	432	276	156
Slovenia	488	37	450	591	40	552
South Africa	3,615	579	3,036	4,557	565	3,992
Spain	5,382	4,235	1,147	5,697	5,256	441
Sri Lanka	59	9	50	92	10	82
Sweden	6,274	1,566	4,707	6,300	1,853	4,448
Switzerland	9,321	11,237	-1,916	8,282	15,102	-6,820
Taiwan, Province of China	1,773	1,148	626	1,983	1,280	702
Thailand	..	154	..	..	180	..
Trinidad and Tobago	32	2	30	35	3	32
Tunisia	..	12	..	..	..	56
Turkey	2,346	203	2,143	2,864	259	2,605
Ukraine	..	33	..	..	22	..
United Arab Emirates	..	1,107	..	..	1,285	..
United Kingdom	44,978	28,133	16,845	46,708	29,954	16,755
United States	47,558	178,886	-131,328	52,755	186,597	-133,842
Uruguay	..	8	..	..	6	..
Venezuela	3	..	..	5	..	..
Viet Nam	2,576	85	2,491	2,678	324	2,355
Virgin Islands, US	2	0	2	2	..	..
International Organisations	..	13	..	..	..	..
Not geographically allocated²	..	29,363	..	..	..	..
Marginal trade³	1,114	131	983	1,299	151	1,148

World total	371,648	361,951	9,697	399,014	387,296	11,718
¹Revised
²This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
³Subtotal for countries for which exports and imports are less than €10m.
..Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in world total.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2023 Table 3 (XLS 16KB)

Next chapter: Data

Why you can Trust the CSO

Learn about our data and confidentiality safeguards, and the steps we take to produce statistics that can be trusted by all.

go to trust & transparency

International Trade in Services 2023