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International Trade in Services 2022

Ireland’s International Trade in Services recorded a deficit of €0.2bn in 2022

CSO statistical publication, 11 December 2023, 11am

Key Findings

Ireland’s Trade in Services recorded a deficit of €0.2bn in 2022, down €5.7bn from a surplus of €5.4bn in 2021.
Total service exports increased by €39.8bn while total service imports increased by €45.5bn in 2022.
The United States, United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands remain Ireland’s most significant trading partners.
Exports to Europe rose by €17.5bn to €169.9bn mainly due to increased computer services exports while exports to Asia grew by €10.9bn to €73.5bn due to increased computer and business services exports. Exports to the US grew by €1.3bn to €42.4bn in 2022.
Imports from Europe rose by €22.2bn to €100.7bn due to increased royalty imports as well as increased travel, insurance and business services imports while imports from the US rose by €29.7bn to €172.7bn due to growth in royalty and Research and Development (R&D) services imports in 2022.
Computer services exports at €195.7bn remained the largest export category and royalties/licences service imports at €135.9bn remained the largest import category.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) today (11 December 2023) released the International Trade in Services 2022.

Commenting on the release, Annette Hayes, Statistician in the International Accounts Division said: "Ireland’s Trade in Services recorded a deficit of €0.2bn in 2022, down €5.7bn from a surplus of €5.4bn in 2021.

This deficit was mainly due to an increase in Royalty imports of €22.8bn from Europe and the US which were significantly offset by increased computer service exports. The United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Germany, and the Netherlands remained Ireland’s most significant trading partners".

International Trade in Services						€ million
	2021			2022
	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Total	299,781	294,333	5,448	339,623	339,857	-234
of which:
USA	41,071	143,006	-101,935	42,412	172,738	-130,326
UK	39,669	24,740	14,929	43,552	27,682	15,870
Germany	21,474	7,321	14,153	24,823	8,919	15,904
Netherlands	13,069	13,272	-203	13,641	21,781	-8,140

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2022 Headline Table (XLS 10KB)

	Exports	Imports
Europe	169941	100654
North America	45841	175136
Asia	73527	33378
Other	50314	30689

Service deficit of €236m in 2022

Total services exports increased by €39.8bn from €299.8bn in 2021 to €339.6bn in 2022. Total services imports increased by €45.5bn from €294.3bn in 2021 to €339.9bn in 2022. The increase in services exports was principally due to increased computer services exports (+€22bn) and increased business services exports (+€9.7bn) while the increase in services imports was predominantly due to increased royalty services imports (+€22.8bn) as well as increased business services (+€9.1bn) and tourism & travel services imports (+€5.9bn). As a result, the services balance moved from a surplus of €5.5bn in 2021 to a deficit of €0.2bn in 2022. US, UK, Germany and the Netherlands remained Ireland’s most significant trading partners.

Computer services exports at €195.7bn remained the largest export category and accounted for 58 per cent of total services exports in 2022. Royalties/licences services imports, at €135.9bn, along with R&D services imports at €45bn, were the largest import categories. When combined, these two import categories accounted for 53.3 per cent of total services imports in 2022 (see Table 1).

Services exports to Europe increased by €17.5bn to €169.9bn between 2021 and 2022

Services exports to Europe (€169.9bn) increased by €17.5bn between 2021 and 2022 due mainly to increased computer services exports (+€9.1bn) and increase transport services exports (+€4.5bn). The increased computer service exports were predominantly to Germany (+€1.2bn), Italy and France (+€0.9bn) and the UK (+€0.8bn), (see Table 2a & 2c).

Services exports to the US (€42.4bn) increased by €1.3bn in the same period. Services exports to Asia increased by €10.9bn to €73.9bn. Exports to Japan (€13.6bn) and China (€9.9bn) increased by €2.1bn and €0.4bn respectively.

Services imports from the US increased by €29.7bn to €172.7bn between 2021 and 2022

Services imports from Europe (€100.7bn) increased by €22.2bn between 2021 and 2022 mainly due to increased royalty services imports (€10.2bn) and increased travel services (+€4.6bn) and business services imports (+€3.1bn). Service imports from Netherlands, UK, Belgium, Spain and Germany increased by €8.5bn, €2.9bn, €2.1bn, €1.9bn and €1.6bn respectively.

In the same period, services imports from the US (€172.7bn) increased by €29.7bn due to increased royalty/licences services imports (€12.7bn) and increased R&D services imports (€10.8bn), while services imports from Offshore centres (€15.9bn) decreased by €15.1bn. Services imports from Asia increased by €6.3bn to €33.4bn (see Tables 2b and 2d).

	2022
Luxembourg	314.2
Malta	259.8
Ireland	134.2
Cyprus	127.8
Denmark	57.9
Belgium	48.2
Netherlands	39.4
Switzerland	37.4
Greece	36.6
Austria	32.8
Hungary	29.7
European Union - 27 countries	29.6
Portugal	27.9
Germany	20.9
France	20
Spain	18.2
Italy	12.8

Ireland’s total services exports and imports at 134.2% of GDP in 2022

Total services exports and imports as a percentage of GDP for selected European countries is presented in Figure 2. Ireland’s total services exports and imports as percentage of GDP at 134.2% was the third highest in Europe in 2022.

Table 1 Exports and Imports of Services by Category 2021 and 2022

Table 2A Exports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2022

Table 2a Exports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2022																	€ million
Region/Country Exports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel¹	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services²	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	169,941	934	7,221	3,096	10,791	14,121	6,428	49	98,588	4,486	24,227	1,122	5,939	*	*	313	*	12,521
of which:
Belgium	4,735	6	231	72	87	133	29	0	2,387	37	1,750	*	63	*	0	*	*	516
France	13,812	*	578	323	1,244	598	178	*	7,344	1,394	2,116	0	906	*	*	31	1	993
Germany	24,823	8	1,075	525	2,286	763	325	2	15,876	2,715	1,246	*	290	56	*	40	1	539
Italy	10,347	*	490	215	2,417	522	*	1	4,779	864	874	*	359	13	*	9	*	*
Luxembourg	2,593	*	12	23	75	2,124	32	0	3,862	*	657	*	39	*	0	*	*	587
Netherlands	13,641	0	267	162	188	1,478	*	2	5,790	*	1,405	*	191	51	*	16	0	658
Spain	5,243	4	405	249	252	257	45	0	2,483	482	1,067	*	457	72	*	17	*	523
Sweden	6,036	*	198	43	325	202	247	*	3,738	633	651	*	237	25	*	*	*	194
Switzerland	6,454	*	116	1	228	266	419	*	5,390	-1,712	1,386	*	27	509	*	*	*	796
United Kingdom	43,552	471	2,902	1,130	2,759	7,068	557	39	18,459	3,107	7,061	69	820	*	*	108	*	4,789

EMU 20³	89,013	102	3,486	1,787	6,909	6,142	5,024	*	51,433	*	12,410	837	2,864	*	*	148	*	6,215
EU 27⁴	108,880	103	4,124	1,942	7,521	6,442	5,430	*	66,762	*	13,855	1,029	3,609	*	*	179	*	6,581

North America	45,841	*	493	1,865	1,899	1,700	5,534	*	13,194	9,155	10,913	*	1,703	*	*	*	*	*
of which:
Canada	3,428	0	39	89	16	130	232	0	475	1,242	1,204	*	431	*	*	9	*	*
United States⁷	42,412	*	454	1,776	1,883	1,570	5,302	*	12,719	7,913	9,709	3,785	1,273	1,779	18	*	*	2,413

Central America	4,224	572	0	3	279	*	*	*	1,319	-123	1,440	*	921	*	*	*	*	*
of which:
Bermuda	883	572	0	0	164	85	0	5	3	0	54	0	1	6	0	*	0	*

South America	3,245	*	6	6	119	*	*	0	1,680	45	1,270	*	1,046	*	0	*	*	219
of which:
Brazil	1,098	0	0	6	46	*	*	0	129	190	674	*	583	*	0	0	*	*

Asia	73,527	34	6	469	1,507	662	1,312	41	53,520	-1,233	17,209	*	7,212	*	1	*	*	999
of which:
China	9,864	0	0	161	419	27	*	0	*	-95	2,228	21	1,559	275	0	1	7	364
Japan	13,625	0	0	2	45	171	*	1	*	1,145	*	0	118	*	0	2	0	271
South Korea	3,141	0	0	3	*	27	*	9	*	662	599		490	*	0	0	*	*
Taiwan	1,688	0	0	0	4	51	*	2	*	229	310	*	285	*	0	*	*	22

Africa	6,341	*	0	22	93	295	*	2	*	183	722	0	567	*	*	2	*	148
of which:
South Africa	3,587	*	0	2	61	174	*	0	*	212	171	0	70	1	0	1	0	100

Oceania and Polar regions	9,946	0	3	23	102	61	*	4	*	1,377	1,307	*	165	*	0	5	*	*
of which:
Australia	9,264	0	3	22	97	54	*	4	*	1,254	1,193	*	111	*	0	5	*	*

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	22	64	1,202	*	*	481	*	15,517	-1,839	*	1,934	700	251	94	3,156	*	480
International Organisations	*	0	0	0	*	*	0	*	0	7	*	0	0	0	0	0	0	*

Total	339,623	2,635	7,794	6,686	14,825	21,837	14,128	158	195,719	12,056	63,786	7,176	18,254	*	*	*	*	17,816
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	20,661	585	0	61	468	1,036	*	17	*	-1,752	6,727	*	1,113	*	0	*	*	303

												€ million
¹Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
²Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
³The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia,Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
⁷United States includes Peurto Rico
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2022 Table 2(A) (XLS 21KB)

Table 2B Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2022

Table 2b Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2022																	€ million
Region/Country Imports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel¹	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services²	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	100,654	3,381	2,889	6,219	8,712	10,074	21,795	100	1,651	1,850	43,983	7,220	*	9,972	1,233	19,191	*	5,893
of which:
Belgium	7,360	*	131	52	51	*	53	*	21	23	5,971	1,924	0	*	*	1,920	*	63
France	5,829	*	163	552	854	*	134	*	165	32	3,054	187	*	*	*	1,617	*	257
Germany	8,919	212	236	151	2,552	*	*	*	190	154	5,111	457	*	1,494	47	2,268	*	841
Italy	4,161	366	65	576	1,084	*	*	1	37	28	1,441	82	0	585	19	472	0	283
Luxembourg	809	0	1	0	146	111	10	*	9	*	460	*	0	427	*	*	*	12
Netherlands	21,781	*	504	222	109	71	*	*	152	229	6,848	*	0	*	*	*	*	126
Spain	4,189	*	49	1,654	187	104	*	*	26	33	1,193	96	1	*	*	599	*	152
Sweden	1,525	*	75	27	64	-16	*	0	*	109	1,050	74	*	*	*	577	*	145
Switzerland	8,746	184	88	3	300	58	*	0	*	38	1,058	162	0	*	*	1,003	*	345
United Kingdom	27,682	150	1,183	1,580	1,996	8,048	474	*	*	952	12,976	707	*	3,641	416	5,049	*	3,031

EMU 20³	57,129	3,034	1,266	4,292	5,148	1,744	*	*	665	604	26,037	5,838	*	*	*	11,182	*	1,945
EU 27⁴	61,829	3,045	1,559	4,596	5,454	1,825	*	*	1,338	856	28,774	6,163	*	*	*	12,707	*	2,333

North America	175,136	*	852	994	2,432	6,963	102,563	211	6,733	*	52,969	29,315	*	16,488	2,908	*	*	4,126
of which:
Canada	2,398	*	47	304	11	29	261	0	149	*	1,506	1,212	1	150	73	*	*	62
United States⁷	172,738	1,229	805	690	2,422	6,934	102,302	211	6,585	97	51,463	28,103	*	16,338	2,835	*	10	4,064

Central America	*	*	28	0	482	*	*	*	130	*	336	53	*	*	*	111	*	65
of which:
Bermuda	307	0	0	0	165	*	*	*	0	0	*	0	0	*	*	*	0	0

South America	*	*	116	0	88	*	*	*	21	3	307	49	*	*	*	*	0	25
of which:
Brazil	269	2	32	0	38	*	0	0	16	*	169	*	0	64	*	*	*	10

Asia	33,378	*	1,480	4	2,322	326	*	*	345	151	12,868	3,830	438	*	*	5,301	*	613
of which:
China	6,908	*	582	0	*	*	0	0	128	5	1,054	410	*	*	*	*	0	72
Japan	2,382	*	155	0	46	82	454	0	43	*	1,509	107	310	129	195	*	0	*
South Korea	348	*	86	0	*	4	0	0	3	1	99	7	2	*	*	0	*	*
Taiwan	1,075	*	55	0	5	4	0	0	0	*	230	*	0	*	*	*	0	*

Africa	995	*	51	0	119	*	*	0	6	2	803	*	0	152	*	455	*	*
of which:
South Africa	576	*	19	0	102	*	0	0	2	0	451	13	0	*	*	*	0	*

Oceania and Polar regions	1,871	*	10	46	*	*	145	2	9	2	1,658	*	0	159	104	*	0	*
of which:
Australia	1,965	*	5	43	142	*	146	2	8	1	1,601	*	0	157	104	*	0	49

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	236	641	792	*	2,313	1,249	162	577	*	*	*	764	1,878	2,496	5,874	265	3,486
International Organisations	*	0	0	0	*	*	0	*	0	0	*	0	*	0	*	*	0	1

Total	339,857	11,165	6,066	8,053	14,172	19,808	135,949	640	9,473	2,366	132,164	45,133	1,695	*	*	32,363	*	14,341
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	15,851	*	82	3	1,400	318	*	58	124	6	3,660	56	32	*	*	*	*	224

¹Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
²Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
³The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia,Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
⁷United States includes Peurto Rico
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2022 Table 2(B) (XLS 21KB)

Table 2C Exports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2021

Table 2c Exports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2021¹																	€ million
Region/Country Exports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel²	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services³	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising & market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering & other technical services	Other

Europe	152,423	960	2,696	800	10,488	14,775	6,183	106	89,496	5,631	21,288	1,275	6,059	2,543	1,273	*	*	9,710
of which:
Belgium	4,971	0	96	19	83	268	38	4	2,247	147	2,069	*	36	*	*	12	0	665
France	11,572	*	207	91	1,089	497	86	*	6,491	1,302	1,776	8	940	*	*	37	*	650
Germany	21,474	4	361	125	1,833	748	244	13	14,646	2,494	1,007	-59	258	*	*	28	*	457
Italy	9,377	12	175	61	3,089	624	*	*	3,904	694	676	-8	360	7	0	9	0	308
Luxembourg	1,243	93	4	5	54	2,369	28	0	*	*	472	*	39	*	0	*	*	403
Netherlands	13,069	0	135	37	170	1,540	*	*	5,651	300	1,208	*	204	40	*	16	0	506
Spain	4,535	*	135	71	225	293	72	*	2,422	515	795	*	409	31	*	17	*	338
Sweden	5,779	*	65	8	*	233	332	1	3,512	577	637	221	212	18	0	3	0	183
Switzerland	6,715	*	35	2	155	300	457	1	4,813	*	1,557	105	39	*	*	14	*	663
United Kingdom	39,669	479	1,169	287	2,619	7,132	536	70	17,667	4,163	5,546	161	848	*	*	122	*	3,549

EMU 20⁴	78,009	*	1,254	459	6,806	6,633	4,716	*	46,234	991	10,730	844	2,755	*	*	*	*	4,873
EU 27⁵	95,227	*	1,461	504	7,479	6,958	5,159	*	59,792	1,702	11,980	1,034	3,373	*	*	*	*	5,178

North America	44,047	*	146	588	1,319	1,877	*	23	11,562	9,198	11,854	3,423	1,638	*	*	*	*	3,357
of which:
Canada	2,975	*	3	142	14	125	*	0	410	1,169	890	-18	415	*	*	*	*	232
United States	41,071	417	143	446	1,305	1,752	6,845	23	11,152	8,030	10,963	3,441	1,223	*	*	*	27	3,124

Central America	4,874	288	0	3	241	1,157	*	0	*	-120	1,720	*	863	*	*	8	*	558
of which:
Bermuda	473	143	0	0	175	81	1	0	3	0	70	*	1	9	*	4	0	24

South America	2,870	*	2	13	54	65	*	0	*	31	1,247	*	1,091	*	0	*	*	181
of which:
Brazil	978	*	0	13	26	37	*	0	*	122	653	-14	566	0	0	*	0	*

Asia	62,609	38	0	513	1,019	707	1,262	57	47,491	100	11,421	-119	7,073	3,201	4	11	21	1,230
of which:
China	9,486	0	0	199	*	15	29	8	*	128	2,191	-4	1,534	177	0	1	7	475
Japan	11,501	0	0	4	45	183	*	1	7,756	938	*	-89	136	*	0	2	0	85
South Korea	2,841	0	0	3	*	27	38	11	*	716	572	*	488	*	0	0	*	*
Taiwan	1,436	0	0	0	4	64	*	1	*	225	285	*	267	*	0	*	*	17

Africa	4,825	*	0	29	*	313	*	3	*	242	637	*	555	*	0	*	*	88
of which:
South Africa	2,638	*	0	3	36	191	*	0	*	233	95	*	43	*	0	*	*	62

Oceania and Polar regions	8,971	0	0	8	102	*	168	5	*	1,192	988	*	143	*	0	5	0	*
of which:
Australia	8,271	0	0	7	95	*	167	5	*	1,079	871	*	82	*	0	5	0	*

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	19	49	317	5	4,205	674	42	12,391	*	4,920	1,630	560	*	*	1,571	*	*
International Organisations	*	0	0	0	*	*	*	0	0	*	0	0	0	*	*	0	0	0

Total	299,781	1,721	2,894	2,272	13,338	23,194	15,506	235	173,750	12,792	54,075	6,368	17,981	9,788	1,497	2,096	290	16,055
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	16,102	156	0	66	425	1,640	*	11	*	-1,313	2,648	38	1,089	*	*	9	*	756

¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands,Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2022 Table 2(C) (XLS 21KB)

Table 2D Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location 2021

Table 2d Imports of Services Classified by Geographic Location, 2021¹																	€ million
Region/Country Imports	Total Services	Repairs & Processing	Transport	Tourism and Travel²	Insurance	Financial services	Royalties/ Licences	Communi-cations	Computer services³	Other services n.e.s.	Total other business services	Other business services
												R & D	Op. Leasing	Legal, accounting & other professional services	Advertising and market research	Trade related services	Architectural engineering and other technical services	Other

Europe	78,482	1,838	2,231	1,586	6,519	10,446	11,569	123	1,790	1,475	40,904	5,930	*	8,799	2,713	16,412	*	6,528
of which:
Belgium	5,307	83	99	12	44	*	*	0	*	15	4,933	*	0	*	*	1,113	0	221
France	4,897	*	119	115	552	243	238	*	150	16	3,017	115	*	777	71	1,637	*	363
Germany	7,321	*	198	46	1,705	78	25	*	191	43	4,902	196	*	1,444	238	2,193	*	823
Italy	3,607	403	66	90	997	*	*	0	52	1	1,439	81	6	*	*	437	*	360
Luxembourg	740	0	1	0	100	120	*	*	13	12	461	*	0	429	*	*	*	24
Netherlands	13,272	55	429	56	76	72	*	*	162	137	6,001	*	2	*	*	*	*	864
Spain	2,306	*	42	303	107	118	*	*	22	13	1,132	76	1	*	*	567	*	232
Sweden	1,106	*	71	13	9	10	*	0	*	83	666	*	*	165	*	293	*	127
Switzerland	7,376	*	77	1	184	53	*	*	12	28	2,488	*	0	69	*	858	*	341
United Kingdom	24,740	124	791	699	1,782	8,628	293	76	411	987	10,950	898	*	2,913	467	4,349	*	2,177

EMU 20⁴	40,608	1,550	1,050	813	3,670	1,603	6,841	*	669	*	24,044	4,518	*	5,268	1,085	9,653	*	3,442
EU 27⁵	44,362	1,556	1,304	880	3,928	1,628	6,903	*	1,374	*	26,285	4,781	*	5,674	1,119	10,735	*	3,884

North America	144,004	*	885	307	1,544	7,334	*	*	4,956	61	37,826	17,404	*	12,949	2,725	*	*	4,540
of which:
Canada	998	*	45	58	13	14	*	*	127	1	424	123	0	64	55	*	*	175
United States	143,006	1,020	840	249	1,532	7,320	89,553	201	4,830	60	37,402	17,282	*	12,885	2,671	*	31	4,365

Central America	*	*	29	0	999	95	*	75	108	5	*	*	*	*	*	97	*	158
of which:
Bermuda	979	*	0	0	610	*	*	75	0	0	68	0	0	*	*	*	0	-1

South America	*	0	62	0	31	22	0	*	27	2	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	69
of which:
Brazil	211	0	21	0	18	7	0	0	26	2	137	*	0	37	*	*	*	29

Asia	27,043	*	891	28	1,044	361	*	*	431	97	10,279	2,557	*	1,906	551	4,287	*	548
of which:
China	5,166	*	276	0	*	34	11	0	154	4	416	338	*	*	*	*	*	*
Japan	2,326	*	71	27	*	104	572	1	65	2	1,407	103	313	*	*	*	*	262
South Korea	235	*	72	0	*	5	0	0	9	0	65	5	4	*	*	*	*	31
Taiwan	608	*	38	0	*	4	0	0	1	0	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	*

Africa	747	*	29	0	*	5	0	*	5	2	599	*	0	111	*	407	0	49
of which:
South Africa	436	*	9	0	51	1	0	*	4	0	343	*	0	*	*	*	0	8

Oceania and Polar regions	1,738	*	10	9	91	*	147	3	28	2	1,429	*	*	110	104	*	0	96
of which:
Australia	1,679	*	6	8	88	*	147	3	28	1	1,381	*	*	109	104	*	0	95

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	176	615	237	*	*	1,650	219	2,041	200	*	*	616	1,796	2,138	4,306	*	2,624
International Organisations	*	0	0	0	*	*	*	*	0	0	*	*	0	0	*	*	*	1

Total	294,333	8,190	4,752	2,166	10,353	20,698	113,164	755	9,388	1,840	123,027	45,821	1,596	25,757	8,302	26,728	210	14,612
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	30,978	*	64	1	1,627	337	*	78	101	6	*	*	47	688	140	*	*	295

¹Revised
²Passenger fare receipts of resident carriers from foreign visitors are excluded from tourism and travel exports; such receipts are included under transport exports - see Background Notes.
³Covers exports and imports of software that was not incorporated as part of computer hardware or physical media but separately transmitted by electronic means. The value of sales and purchases of additional software licences is also included.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area, which excludes the United Kingdom following their withdrawal from the European Union on 1 February 2020.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cook Islands,Curacao, Dominica, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Montserrat, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Seychelles, Singapore, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in the higher level aggregates.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2022 Table 2(D) (XLS 21KB)

Table 3 Exports and Imports of Services classified by country 2021-2022

Table 3 Exports and Imports of Services classified by country, 2021 and 2022						€ million
Region/Country	2021¹			2022
Region/Country	Exports	Imports	Net	Exports	Imports	Net
Algeria	*	*	29	*	8	*
Angola	*	0	*	*	1	*
Argentina	307	92	215	376	172	205
Australia	8,271	1,679	6,592	9,264	1,965	7,299
Austria	1,860	634	1,226	2,046	733	1,313
Bahamas	12	*	*	21	*	*
Bahrain	134	*	*	117	*	*
Barbados	2	*	*	4	*	*
Belarus	242	2	240	160	2	158
Belgium	4,971	5,307	-336	4,735	7,360	-2,625
Bermuda	473	979	-507	883	307	576
Bosnia and Herzegovina	*	1	*	*	1	*
Brazil	978	211	768	1,098	269	829
Virgin Islands, British	*	1	*	*	0	*
Bulgaria	116	32	84	132	82	51
Canada	2,975	998	1,978	3,428	2,398	1,030
Cambodia	*	*	*	*	9	*
Cayman Islands	787	*	*	764	537	227
Chile	668	30	639	643	28	616
China	9,486	5,166	4,320	9,864	6,908	2,956
Colombia	395	23	372	491	50	442
Costa Rica	116	89	28	142	139	3
Croatia	255	48	207	459	162	297
Curacao	3	0	3	5	*	*
Cyprus	603	62	541	689	55	635
Czech Republic	905	358	547	1,341	428	914
Denmark	2,868	1,080	1,788	3,015	1,198	1,817
Dominican Republic	10	1	9	*	1	*
Ecuador	*	3	*	*	7	*
Egypt	809	89	721	955	117	838
El Salvador	1	1	1	5	1	4
Estonia	178	*	*	281	*	*
Ethiopia	257	2	256	256	*	*
Finland	2,032	732	1,300	2,142	690	1,452
France	11,572	4,897	6,675	13,812	5,829	7,983
Georgia	17	4	13	45	3	43
Germany	21,474	7,321	14,153	24,823	8,919	15,903
Gibraltar	223	*	*	*	*	*
Greece	1,464	931	533	1,695	1,073	622
Guernsey	90	30	60	86	*	*
Hong Kong	*	992	*	*	1,136	*
Hungary	4,311	102	4,209	4,907	163	4,743
Iceland	139	12	127	183	14	169
India	4,755	3,166	1,589	4,512	3,538	975
Indonesia	985	105	880	1,079	70	1,008
Isle of Man	50	78	-28	48	75	-27
Israel	4,357	1,436	2,920	5,262	2,240	3,022
Italy	9,377	3,607	5,770	10,347	4,161	6,186
Jamaica	4	2	3	8	1	7
Japan	11,501	2,326	9,175	13,625	2,382	11,243
Jersey	124	*	*	105	*	*
Jordan	214	*	*	258	*	*
Kazakhstan	383	6	377	511	7	504
Kenya	229	50	179	244	89	155
South Korea	2,841	235	2,606	3,141	348	2,793
Kuwait	408	*	*	488	17	471
Latvia	284	20	265	404	17	387
Lebanon	*	24	*	*	*	*
Libya	38	*	*	*	*	*
Liechtenstein	62	251	-189	67	145	-78
Lithuania	306	51	255	389	64	325
Luxembourg	1,243	740	503	2,593	809	1,784
Macao	49	*	*	54	0	53
Malaysia	1,285	455	830	1,429	1,135	294
Malta	362	56	307	382	148	234
Marshall Islands	*	*	*	*	0	*
Mauritius	43	1	42	50	2	48
Mexico	1,854	390	1,464	1,596	526	1,070
Montenegro	*	*	*	*	*	*
Morocco	62	24	38	134	25	109
Myanmar	31	6	25	28	10	18
Netherlands	13,069	13,272	-204	13,641	21,781	-8,140
New Zealand	627	47	581	628	*	*
Nigeria	*	89	*	*	82	*
Norway	3,693	708	2,985	4,005	722	3,283
Oman	213	1	212	327	2	326
Pakistan	233	15	218	318	13	305
Panama	464	11	454	472	5	467
Peru	*	7	*	*	17	*
Philippines	66	599	-533	194	656	-461
Poland	2,629	813	1,816	3,660	949	2,711
Portugal	1,523	381	1,142	2,119	900	1,219
Qatar	1,176	47	1,129	1,343	82	1,262
Romania	558	262	295	711	355	356
Russian Federation	3,402	265	3,138	2,500	371	2,129
Rwanda	0	0	0	1	0	1
Saudi Arabia	1,666	379	1,287	2,332	424	1,908
Serbia	175	*	*	236	*	*
Singapore	4,104	10,227	-6,123	8,452	11,799	-3,347
Slovakia	210	149	61	224	130	94
Slovenia	333	28	305	480	35	444
South Africa	2,638	436	2,202	3,587	576	3,012
Spain	4,535	2,306	2,228	5,243	4,189	1,053
Sri Lanka	55	6	49	51	6	45
Sweden	5,779	1,106	4,673	6,036	1,525	4,511
Switzerland	6,715	7,376	-662	6,454	8,746	-2,292
Taiwan	1,436	608	828	1,688	1,075	613
Thailand	*	122	*	*	145	*
Trinidad and Tobago	21	4	17	28	2	26
Tunisia	46	8	38	70	*	*
Turkey	1,736	167	1,569	2,314	180	2,134
Ukraine	789	13	775	*	24	*
United Arab Emirates	*	831	*	*	1,086	*
United Kingdom	39,669	24,740	14,929	43,552	27,682	15,870
United States	41,071	143,006	-101,936	42,412	172,738	-130,326
Uruguay	*	6	*	*	6	*
Venezuela	*	0	*	2	*	*
Viet Nam	*	76	*	2,509	10	2,499
Virgin Islands, US	*	0	*	2	0	2
International Organisations	*	*	*	*	*	*
Not geographically allocated²	*	*	*	*	*	*
Marginal trade³	1,725	94	1,631	1,034	93	941

World total	299,781	294,333	5,449	339,623	339,857	-234
¹Revised
²This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
³Subtotal for countries for which exports and imports are less than €10m.
*Suppressed for confidentiality reasons but included in world total.

Open in Excel: International Trade in Services 2022 Table 3 (XLS 16KB)

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International Trade in Services 2022