Institutional Sector Accounts Non-Financial Quarter 2 2025

The seasonally adjusted household saving rate in the second quarter of 2025 was 12.5%. This was similar to the previous quarter and in line with the average since the start of 2023. As Table 1.1 above shows, while both seasonally adjusted income and expenditure rose in the quarter, Total Disposable Income (TDI) grew by less than Final Consumption Expenditure leading to the lower saving rate.

Households can use their savings to add to their wealth in the form of real assets (mainly new homes) and financial assets (such as bank deposits). Unadjusted, saving (B.8g) was €6.7bn in the quarter and capital spending (P.5) was €4.2bn. Households also increased their assets in pension funds (D.8) by €1bn. Figures from the Central Bank of Ireland show that households' net deposits into banks in Ireland rose by €3.6bn over Q2 2025. Loan liabilities of households to banks (mainly mortgages for house purchase) were up €1.2bn in the three months, meaning households borrowed more than they repaid. Households' financial assets also include other items such as life assurance funds and shares. Full accounts of assets and liabilities in financial instruments will be published by the Central Bank.

Household Income

The largest component of household income is Compensation of Employees (CoE): this made up €40bn of the €47bn unadjusted Total Disposable Income (TDI) in the quarter, which was €1.9bn higher (+4.9%) compared with 2024 Q2. There was a rise in the number employed and employed people had higher average earnings in the quarter. When adjusted for seasonality, the biggest percentage growth in CoE was in the Construction sector which increased by 1.6% from Q1 2025.

Comparing the equivalent quarter of 2024, before price or seasonal adjustment, higher take-home pay meant higher taxes (D.5) and PRSI (D.61) paid by households (see Table 1.2 below). Households also received more in social protection and pension payments (D.62).

Gross Disposable Income (B.6G) of households was €46bn in Q2 2025 before price and seasonal adjustment (that is, nominal unadjusted). This was an increase of €2.3bn (5%) on Q2 2024. TDI, which also includes the adjustment for the change in pension entitlements (D.8), was €47bn in Q2 2025. After accounting for inflation and seasonal factors, household TDI in real terms grew by 3.6% in the twelve months and was flat compared to 2025 Q1 (see Pxstat table ISQ04). Figure 1.2 shows TDI before and after adjustments for the quarter.

Consumption

In Q2 2025 households' spending on goods and services was €40bn before price or seasonal adjustments. Household consumption is normally higher in the April-June period (Q2) than in January-March (Q1), and in Q2 2025 unadjusted consumption was up 2.2% on Q1 2025. When seasonal factors are taken into account, final consumption of households was up by 2.0% in the second quarter of 2025. When the effect of price changes is also removed, the volume of consumption increased by 0.9%.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) shows that prices for consumer goods and services at the end of the quarter (June 2025) were up 1.8% when compared with a year earlier (June 2024). The most significant increases in the 12 months to June 2025 were seen in Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (+4.6%) and Recreation & Culture (+3.5%). Clothing & Footwear (-2.3%) and Transport (-2.0%) were the divisions to show the biggest declines when compared with June 2024.

A walk-through of unadjusted household income and consumption is shown in Figure 1.3 below with monetary additions or subtractions shown in the blue and green bars respectively. The orange bars show the main three balancing items of household gross disposable income (B.6G), household gross saving (B.8G) and household net lending/borrowing (B.9). The euro figure can be seen by hovering over the bar for each item and are also shown in Table 1.2 below. All values in Figure 1.3 and Table 1.2 are unadjusted, before price or seasonal adjustments.