Fossil Fuel Subsidies 2021
Effective carbon rate on:
Petrol €269 per tonne of CO2 emitted
Highest effective carbon rate
Effective carbon rate on:
Road diesel €196 per tonne of CO2 emitted
Due to a lower excise tax rate than petrol
Effective carbon rate on:
Jet kerosene €3 per tonne of CO2 emitted
Consisting mainly of emission permit purchases
Effective carbon rate on:
Marked gas oil €43 per tonne of CO2 emitted
Due to a lower excise tax rate than petrol
Total fossil fuel subsidies:
€2.9 billion in 2021
€2.5 bn in 2020
Energy taxes:
€3.2 billion
Environmental subsidies on energy and emissions:
€0.7 billion
Using excise on petrol as a benchmark, revenue forgone on road diesel was €395 million
The excise exemption for jet kerosene resulted in revenue forgone of €273 million
