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Foreign Direct Investment Annual 2022

Foreign direct investment in Ireland rose by €26bn in 2022

Online ISSN: 2009-6747

CSO statistical publication, 17 January 2024, 11am

Key Findings

Foreign direct investment in Ireland rose by €26bn to €1,284bn in 2022.
Increased investment in equity and reinvested earnings of €72bn was offset by decreases in other capital investment of €46bn.
Irish investment abroad declined by €190bn to €1,125bn.
Investment in Europe fell by €138bn, while investment in the United States was up by €8bn.
The services sector remained the largest sector for inward investment to Ireland in 2022, with €749bn investment that amounted to 58% of total investment.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) today (17 January 2024) published the Foreign Direct Investment Annual 2022 release.

Commenting on the release, Faris Bader, Statistician in the International Accounts Division said:

“The growth in foreign direct investment in Ireland of €26bn to €1,284bn is largely attributed to increased investment from the US, which was offset by decreased investment from other countries. This increase in investment is seen almost entirely in the manufacturing sector, predominantly in pharmaceuticals, which grew by €31bn. A rise of €21bn in financial intermediation was offset by declines in investment in other services sectors. Meanwhile, Irish foreign direct investment abroad fell by €190bn to €1,125bn, with investment in Luxembourg and Asia down by €109bn and €43bn respectively. The decline in Irish foreign direct investment abroad is seen predominantly in the services sector.”

Please be advised that changes have been made to the publication today 18/01/2024 since original publication date namely:

In MAP 1 Direct Investment Abroad the figure for Korea Democratic Peoples Republic of has changed from original figure of 191M to 0.

Also in Table 1 Footnote 3 the original text of EU 28 has been amended to EU27.

Foreign Direct Investment Annual		€ million
	2021	2022
Flows - Abroad	47,470	8,920
Flows - In Ireland	-3,324	-23,798
Positions - Abroad - end year	1,315,213	1,125,180
Positions - In Ireland - end year	1,257,423	1,283,665
Positions - Net - end year	57,790	-158,485
Net Income Flows	-100,743	-133,582

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment Annual 2022 (XLS 32KB)

X-axis label	Inward	Outward
2021	1257.423	1315.213
2022	1283.665	1125.18

Irish stocks of direct investment abroad decreased to €1,125bn at the end of 2022 from a stock position of €1,315bn at the end of 2021.

The stock of direct investment abroad at the end of 2022 comprised of Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings of €1,198bn and the withdrawal of Other Capital of -€73bn. The increase in Other Capital positions (€19bn) was offset by a decrease in Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings (-€209bn). The increase in Other Capital positions was mostly attributable to an increase in investment in the Americas of €44bn, which was offset by decreases in investment elsewhere. The decrease in Equity Capital and Reinvested Earnings positions was attributed to a decrease in investment in Luxembourg of -€103bn and in the Asia of -€43bn. For the data breakdowns, see Table 3.

The stock of direct investment in Ireland increased between the end of 2021 and end of 2022 - from €1,257bn to €1,284bn. Increased investment from the US and Asia of €55bn and €14bn respectively were offset by decreases in investment elsewhere - Table 4.

Ireland had net foreign liabilities of €158bn at the end of 2022, a decrease of €216bn on the net foreign assets of €58bn at the end 2021.

X-axis label	United States	Other	Offshore Centres	UK	Luxembourg	Switzerland
2022	492.48	266.899	232.443	27.587	136.736	127.52

X-axis label	United States	Ireland	Other	Offshore Centres	United Kingdom	France
2022	921.13059205832	56.24872100884	188.39066980627	50.585	43.803226483	23.50586164537

Direct investment positions by immediate and ultimate investor

In line with international recommendations the geographic allocation of direct investment flows and stocks in Tables 1 to 9 is based on the country of location of the immediate owner of the direct investment enterprise.

An alternative presentation of the stock of direct investment in Ireland by ultimate investor displays a different geographic pattern. Figure 2 presents the value of investment stock in Ireland by location of the immediate owner (of the direct investment enterprise). Figure 3 presents the value of investment stock in Ireland by location of the ultimate investor. In 2022, the stock of investment from the US as ultimate investor at €921bn was €429bn greater than the stock of US investment presented by immediate owner (€492bn). This difference indicates that while a great deal of investment into Ireland comes directly from our European counter parts, this investment originates from enterprises located in the US.

Investment stock from Ireland as ultimate investor at €56bn primarily represents former US-based corporate inversion enterprises which are now located in Ireland (see figure 3).

For further analysis on FDI, that explores its impact on the Irish economy with respect to employment, wages and regional breakdowns, see the FDI in Ireland publication. This research publication also contains numerous statistics based on the location of the ultimate investor, pass-through FDI and round-tripping FDI.

Investment flows

Flows of direct investment into Ireland amounted to -€24bn in 2022: Reinvested earnings flows of €79bn were offset by equity and other capital flows of -€69bn and -€34bn respectively. The total flows of FDI into Ireland were largely attributable to flows to Central America that amounted to -€30bn, which contributed to total offshore centres flows of -€48bn - see Table 2.

X-axis label	Belgium	UK	Offshore Centres	Netherlands	Luxembourg	Other
Flows	8.915	1.02	-47.507	8.37	5.52	-1.503

X-axis label	Total	Europe	US
2015	196.363	79.976	76.457
2016	35.607	96.488	-55.433
2017	46.77	101.238	-53.064
2018	-10.176	-154.913	74.256
2019	133.485	67.936	-105.339
2020	90	34
2021	-3.324	-4.423	-51.502
2022	-23.798	2.408	1.387

Please note: The Inward FDI flow for US in year 2020 is suppressed due to confidentiality requirements.

In 2015, the flow of direct investment into Ireland increased by €196bn mainly due to increased investment from Europe (€80bn) and the US (€76bn). This increase in 2015 pertains to the financing of intellectual property as well as the onshoring of other assets. In years 2021 and 2022, flows of direct investment into Ireland amounted to -€3bn and -€24bn respectively. - see Table 2.

Direct investment abroad amounted to €9bn in 2022, compared to €47bn in 2021. Decreases in equity investments abroad of €52bn were offset by increases in reinvested earnings abroad and other capital investments abroad of €29bn and €32bn respectively - see Table 1.

Sectoral breakdown

Investment abroad by enterprises located in Ireland is primarily in the services sector – an investment position of €864bn at the end of 2022 is down €164bn compared to the position at the end of 2021 (€1,028bn). The stock of services sector investment into the EU was €471bn (55% of total services sector investment). Investment abroad from the manufacturing sector amounted to €234bn, down €17bn on the position at the end of 2021 (€250bn) - see table 7.

The services sector is also the largest sector for inward investment - at the end of 2022, the investment position was €749bn, down €4bn from the position at the end of 2021 (€753bn). The investment position in financial intermediation increased from €305bn at end of 2021 to €326bn at end of 2022. Investment in administrative and support activities decreased from €103bn in 2021 to €92bn in 2022. Investment in the manufacturing sector increased by €30bn to a stock position of €534bn in the same period - see Table 8.

X-axis label	Manufacturing	Services
In Ireland	533.501	748.841
Abroad	233.707	863.812

Direct investment income

Income outflows of foreign owned direct investment enterprises were €169bn in 2022, an increase of €32bn compared with 2021. Earnings of European owned companies were €57bn in 2022, down €161m from 2021. Income earned abroad by investors located in Ireland was €35bn in 2022, down €1bn from 2021. The income earned abroad was predominantly from Luxembourg (€14bn), the Netherlands (€4bn) and the UK (€3bn) - see Table 9.

Table 1 Direct Investment Flows Abroad Classified by Location of Investment

Table 1 Direct Investment¹ Flows Abroad Classified by Location of Investment								€ million
Region/Country	2021 ²				2022
Region/Country	Equity	Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total	Equity	Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total
Europe	25,127	23,905	-7,939	41,093	9,172	21,414	-9,925	20,662
of which:
Belgium	55	-131	93	16	*	*	-356	-29
France	389	156	327	872	*	148	*	5,851
Germany	407	403	1,100	1,910	462	480	933	1,875
Italy	183	87	393	663	-3	71	1	70
Luxembourg	-3,499	16,028	-8,012	4,517	198	13,692	-3,149	10,741
Netherlands	*	2,657	*	22,548	-536	3,463	516	3,443
Spain	117	-17	20	120	167	1	-137	31
Switzerland	*	-15	-2,963	*	*	-249	*	2,502
United Kingdom	3,209	2,188	1,728	7,124	1,950	1,861	-6,014	-2,203
EU 27³	19,942	19,799	-6,641	33,101	8,695	18,884	-7,607	19,972
EMU 19⁴	20,596	19,709	-8,456	31,849	6,887	18,801	-2,541	23,147

Americas	9,912	-2,481	-12,734	-5,303	-5,420	633	48,507	43,719
North America	9,979	-2,444	2,675	10,210	-6,954	8,794	7,272	9,112
of which:
Canada	-827	*	*	-351	*	*	56	*
United States	10,806	*	*	10,563	*	*	7,217	*
Central America	*	-78	*	-15,545	*	*	*	*
South America	*	40	*	32	*	*	*	*

Asia	6,321	-546	-1,887	3,887	*	5,334	*	*
of which:
China	*	*	56	*	*	*	*	5
Hong Kong	*	81	*	170	*	*	*	577
Japan	*	*	*	535	*	*	-244	576

Africa	*	*	*	*	*	-71	*	*
Oceania and Polar Regions	*	150	*	*	*	-50	*	*

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	*	6,815	*	*	*	-2,695

Total	47,819	21,358	-21,707	47,470	-52,082	28,556	32,447	8,920
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	*	2,607	*	10,366	*	3,672	*	-16,831
¹Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

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Table 2 Direct Investment Flows into Ireland Classified by Location of Investor

Table 2 Direct Investment¹ Flows into Ireland Classified by Location of Investor								€ million
Region/Country	2021 ²				2022
Region/Country	Equity	Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total	Equity	Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total
Europe	-15,026	24,533	-13,930	-4,423	-25,506	21,489	6,425	2,408
of which:
Belgium	*	1,612	*	694	*	2,244	*	8,915
France	-13	1,161	-1,044	104	759	783	-373	1,169
Germany	-189	325	-2,619	-2,483	-866	459	-844	-1,251
Italy	*	1,641	*	-1,957	*	1,347	*	1,612
Luxembourg	*	4,422	*	-23,491	953	7,243	-2,675	5,520
Netherlands	1,766	10,660	4,658	17,083	-1,676	-2,413	12,460	8,370
United Kingdom	-12,000	116	9,760	-2,124	-721	190	1,552	1,020
EU 27³	-37,400	19,439	-108	-18,069	-529	11,175	15,830	26,476
EMU 19⁴	-37,429	19,149	-595	-18,875	-233	10,814	16,182	26,763

North America	-20,428	20,050	-50,148	-50,528	-33,894	52,789	-17,551	1,343
of which:
Canada	*	23	*	973	*	-180	*	-43
United States	*	20,027	*	-51,502	*	52,970	*	1,387

Central America	16,371	6,258	*	*	-10,681	1,262	-20,701	-30,120
of which:
Bermuda	*	3,999	*	7,466	*	*	*	-4,890

South America	-11	0	*	*	1	0	-665	-664
of which:
Brazil	0	0	-110	-110	0	0	-496	-496

Asia	*	*	*	6,737	*	*	*	8,759
of which:
China	*	242	*	-59	*	241	*	1,014
Japan	*	1,082	*	1,545	1,547	2,288	-11	3,824

Africa	-4	9	194	199	69	22	-102	-10
Oceania and Polar Regions	*	*	*	957	*	*	*	*

Not geographically allocated⁵	178	*	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total	-17,911	52,592	-38,005	-3,324	-69,022	78,961	-33,736	-23,798
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	52,904	7,053	-4,670	55,287	-34,603	4,400	-17,304	-47,507
¹Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

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Table 3 Direct Investment Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investment

Table 3 Direct Investment¹ Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investment						€ million
Region/Country	2021 ²			2022
Region/Country	Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total	Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total
Europe	848,378	-32,141	816,237	725,470	-46,897	678,573
of which:
France	7,963	478	8,441	13,683	435	14,117
Germany	3,272	1,089	4,361	3,262	2,057	5,319
Italy	3,108	-251	2,857	2,554	-363	2,191
Luxembourg	517,917	-24,372	493,545	415,067	-30,151	384,916
Netherlands	85,405	269	85,674	79,829	689	80,518
Switzerland	-2,698	-7,289	-9,987	-5,149	-5,058	-10,207
United Kingdom	102,025	494	102,519	96,852	-6,444	90,408
Offshore centres	*	*	96,276	*	*	80,781
EU 27³	649,592	-25,498	624,095	549,352	-36,363	512,990
EMU 19⁴	642,259	-26,050	616,209	540,081	-31,978	508,104

Americas	377,517	-47,403	330,112	364,377	-3,467	360,910
North America	283,331	-465	282,865	286,669	4,864	291,534
of which:
Canada	2,645	330	2,974	3,026	415	3,440
United States	280,687	-795	279,889	283,643	4,449	288,093
Central America	*	*	46,247	76,832	-8,398	68,433
of which:
Offshore centres	*	*	47,505	76,166	-6,486	69,680
South America	*	*	1,002	877	66	943

Asia	82,667	-14,155	68,513	39,983	-14,940	25,042
Africa	*	*	1,129	*	-274	*
Oceania and Polar Regions	4,485	*	*	*	*	*
Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total	1,406,954	-91,740	1,315,213	1,198,359	-73,179	1,125,180
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	251,778	-50,710	201,068	177,655	-13,939	163,716
¹The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net asset position, while a minus sign indicates a net liability position.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

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Table 4 Direct Investment in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investor

Table 4 Direct Investment¹ in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investor						€ million
Region/Country	2021 ²			2022
Region/Country	Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total	Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total
Europe	503,408	13,980	517,387	501,816	12,646	514,462
of which:
Belgium	4,040	-21,339	-17,299	*	*	-10,816
France	25,805	571	26,376	20,712	91	20,803
Germany	12,266	-7,449	4,817	11,270	-8,120	3,150
Italy	5,646	665	6,311	4,997	675	5,672
Luxembourg	124,929	9,828	134,757	129,271	7,464	136,736
Netherlands	92,552	26,956	119,507	121,271	39,235	160,505
Spain	1,186	257	1,443	1,400	2,672	4,072
Switzerland	118,537	6,429	124,966	138,564	-11,044	127,520
United Kingdom	34,892	-6,076	28,816	34,776	-7,189	27,587
Offshore centres	*	143	*	*	358	*
EU 27³	278,820	15,001	293,821	308,488	30,419	338,907
EMU 19⁴	275,547	15,066	290,614	305,121	30,888	336,009

North America	459,225	-17,912	441,313	529,908	-33,806	496,100
of which:
Canada	2,939	887	3,826	3,209	410	3,619
United States	456,286	-18,799	437,488	526,698	-34,216	492,480

Central America	121,216	113,359	234,575	110,959	*	*
of which:
Offshore centres	121,138	112,011	233,148	110,957	82,944	193,901

South America	-11	-121	-132	-11	*	*
of which:
Brazil	0	*	*	0	*	*

Asia	*	*	47,532	*	*	61,805
of which:
China	*	*	8,940	*	*	9,371
Japan	19,691	3,789	23,481	30,688	4,044	34,731
Singapore	959	5,783	6,742	-265	10,411	10,146
Offshore centres⁵	2,739	7,056	9,795	591	10,525	11,116

Africa	246	-42	204	351	-157	194
Oceania and Polar Regions	*	*	*	*	*	1,363

Not geographically allocated⁶	681	*	*	5,081	*	*

Total	1,118,861	138,560	1,257,423	1,191,327	92,337	1,283,665
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	193,434	127,047	320,480	129,834	102,609	232,443
¹The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net liability position, while a minus sign indicates a net asset position.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category overlaps with some of the regions referred to above.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, St MaartenTurks and Caicos Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

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Table 5 Direct Investment Flows Abroad Classified by Activity of Resident Investor

Table 5 Direct Investment¹ Flows Abroad Classified by Activity² of Resident Investor							€ million
Sector	NACE ²	2021 ³			2022
	NACE ²	Total	of which:		Total	of which:
	Section & Division	Total	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Total	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵
All Industries		47,470	33,101	31,849	8,920	19,972	23,147
of which:
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction	A, B & F	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total Manufacturing Sector	C	6,423	-551	-785	13,819	8,464	8,287
Food, beverages and tobacco products	10, 11 & 12	*	*	*	*	*	*
Textiles and wood	13, 14 & 16 - 18	*	*	*	*	*	*
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations	21	*	141	131	*	*	*
Other manufacturing n.e.s.		*	801	740	3,287	1,208	1,035

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply	D	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total Services Sector	45 - 99	41,189	32,812	31,626	-6,483	9,999	13,451
Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles	G	-235	283	523	-216	-133	-156
Transportation and storage	H	0	0	0	0	0	0
Information and communication	J	-15,228	*	*	-15,145	*	*
Financial and insurance activities	K	36,530	*	*	1,514	*	*
of which:
Activities of holding companies	64.2	34,172	*	27,241	109	864	857
Other service activities⁶		20122	9,254	7,457	7,364	5,963	9,089
¹Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment.
²The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
³Revised.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁵The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁶This covers residual FDI service activity.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

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Table 6 Direct Investment Flows into Ireland Classified by Activity of Resident Enterprise

Table 6 Direct Investment¹Flows into Ireland Classified by Activity²of Resident Enterprise													€ million
Sector	NACE ²	2021³						2022
	NACE ²		of which:						of which:
	Section & Division	Total	United States	Japan	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Offshore Centres	Total	United States	Japan	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Offshore Centres
All Industries		-3,324	-51,502	1,545	-18,069	-18,875	55,287	-23,798	1,387	3,824	26,476	26,764	-47,507
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction	A, B & F	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Total Manufacturing Sector	C	-21,313	-44,152	-5	9,012	9,295	4,979	24,644	*	-127	6,569	6,196	8,584
Food, beverages and tobacco products	10, 11 & 12	1,179	1	*	465	461	*	3,086	-256	*	*	*	*
Textiles and wood	13, 14 & 16 - 18	*	-1	0	*	*	1	*	*	0	0	0	0
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations	21	4,935	*	*	8,804	9,005	*	15,601	*	*	5,711	5,404	-3,426
Other manufacturing n.e.s.		*	*	0	*	*	*	*	*	7	*	*	*

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply	D	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Total Services Sector	45 - 99	17,632	-7,363	1,550	-27,111	-28,186	50,306	-48,113	-11,263	3,951	19,870	20,552	-56,091
Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles	G	2,473	*	*	1,253	1,300	453	-17,898	*	*	-317	-168	*
Transportation and storage	H	*	-1	0	*	*	*	*	0	0	*	*	0
Information and communication	J	-35,165	*	-7	57	168	-15,602	-41,136	-32,931	6	967	855	-6,440
Financial intermediation	64	58,205	20,561	1,137	-34,313	-35,493	*	-6,606	18,245	1,068	12,066	12,503	-35,930
of which:
Activities of holding companies	64.2	44,188	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0	*	*	*
Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding	65	2,085	*	*	528	520	1,879	3,351	*	30	795	998	*
Other financial activities	66	777	*	*	271	267	*	824	*	0	895	895	*
Other services activities⁶		*	*	607	*	*	2,080	*	*	*	*	*	*
¹Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions. e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment.
²The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
³Revised.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁵The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁶This covers residual FDI service activity.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment Annual 2022 (XLS 14KB)

Table 7 Direct Investment Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Activity of Resident Investor

Table 7 Direct Investment¹ Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Activity² of Resident Investor							€ million
Sector	NACE²	2021 ³			2022
	NACE²		of which:			of which:
	Section & Division	Total	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Total	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵
All Industries		1,315,213	624,095	616,209	1,125,180	512,990	508,104
of which:
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction	A, B & F	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total Manufacturing Sector	C	250,278	34,507	32,662	233,707	32,478	30,436
Food, beverages and tobacco products	10, 11 & 12	*	*	*	*	*	*
Textiles and wood	13, 14 & 16 - 18	*	*	*	*	*	*
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations	21	*	*	3,413	*	*	*
Other manufacturing n.e.s.		87,491	6,515	4,839	64,144	3,785	1,896

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply	D	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total Services Sector	45 - 99	1,028,291	578,342	572,123	863,812	471,343	468,398
Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles	G	9,699	2,143	2,111	6,985	1,335	1,276
Transportation and storage	H	*	*	*	*	*	*
Information and communication	J	*	*	*	*	*	*
Financial and insurance activities	K	171,172	83,289	81,867	183,080	95,677	94,157
of which:
Activities of holding companies	64.2	94,300	81,109	80,720	97,766	86,950	86,569
Other service activities⁶		798,335	*	*	637,713	*	*
¹The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net asset position, while a minus sign indicates a net liability position.
²The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
³Revised.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁵The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁶This covers residual FDI service activity.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment Annual 2022 (XLS 13KB)

Table 8 Direct Investment in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Activity of Resident Enterprise

Table 8 Direct Investment¹ in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Activity² of Resident Enterprise													€ million
Sector	NACE ²	2021 ³						2022
	NACE ²		of which:						of which:
	Section & Division	Total	United States	Japan	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Offshore Centres	Total	United States	Japan	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Offshore Centres
All Industries		1,257,423	437,488	23,481	293,821	290,614	320,480	1,283,665	492,480	34,731	338,907	336,009	232,443
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	A	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Mining and Quarrying; Construction	B	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Total Manufacturing	C	503,014	142,838	-422	126,028	125,602	152,078	533,501	173,923	-560	161,883	161,025	119,590
Food, beverages and tobacco products	10, 11 & 12	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	-36	*	*	*	*
Textiles and wood	13, 14 & 16 - 18	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations	21	271,619	*	*	54,966	54,705	*	302,354	*	235	*	*	*
Metal and mechanical products	24, 25, 26 & 28	111,694	*	*	18,072	17,920	30,329	104,467	*	*	22,460	22,252	6,937
Other manufacturing		*	-4,733	*	46,305	*	*	50,986	311	-70	46,318	46,303	230

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply	D	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Total Services Sector	45 - 99	752,685	294,649	23,903	167,624	*	168,402	748,841	318,556	35,292	176,833	174,983	112,853
Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles	G	20,638	*	*	7,239	7,187	7,092	8,880	*	*	4,438	4,581	-5,278
Information and communication	J	213,172	162,831	24	3,164	3,228	*	202,201	151,978	*	8,246	8,234	*
Financial intermediation	64	305,364	80,017	14,947	75,536	73,242	86,880	326,425	119,972	*	85,247	83,313	43,618
of which:
Activities of holding companies	64.2	78,193	*	*	*	*	63,976	65,355	*	0	*	*	26,727
Insurance services	65	32,687	*	361	17,252	16,951	*	34,119	*	450	*	*	*
Administrative and support activities	N	102,889	*	*	17,349	*	12,715	91,994	*	10,917	*	*	10,694
Other services activities⁶		77,935	*	-4	47,084	47,116	15,726	85,222	-392	17	48,330	48,403	20,735
¹The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'In Ireland' an entry without sign indicates a net liability position, while a minus sign indicates a net asset position.
²The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
³Revised.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁵The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁶This covers residual FDI service activity.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment Annual 2022 (XLS 14KB)

Table 9 Direct Investment Income Flows Classified by Geographic Location of Creditor/Debtor

Table 9 Direct Investment Income¹ Flows Classified by Geographic Location of Creditor/Debtor						€ million
Region/Country	2021 ²			2022
Region/Country	Inflows	Outflows	Net	Inflows	Outflows	Net
Europe	27,218	57,029	-29,811	24,766	56,868	-32,102
of which:
Belgium	-118	1,639	-1,757	132	2,799	-2,667
France	444	1,783	-1,339	298	2,094	-1,796
Germany	747	743	4	519	552	-33
Italy	267	1,724	-1,457	121	1,364	-1,243
Luxembourg	16,165	11,222	4,943	13,596	13,556	40
Netherlands	3,517	18,146	-14,629	4,409	9,453	-5,044
Spain	112	34	78	291	-29	320
Switzerland	28	17,571	-17,543	-96	22,405	-22,501
United Kingdom	3,320	1,703	1,617	3,030	730	2,300
EU 27³	21,919	34,964	-13,045	20,726	31,080	-10,354
EMU 19⁴	*	*	-12,894	20,366	30,675	-10,309

Americas	6,649	77,179	-70,530	-170	107,623	-107,793
of which:
Canada	*	*	67	*	*	6,863
United States	*	*	-60,512	*	*	-96,994
Offshore centres	-16	10,186	-10,203	595	9,569	-8,975

Asia	1,580	1,938	-358	9,221	3,307	5,914
of which:
Japan	*	*	-870	*	*	-692

Africa	*	*	13	208	29	179
Oceania and Polar Regions	522	-4	526	*	*	605
Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	-583	*	*	-384

Total	36,438	137,181	-100,743	35,135	168,717	-133,582
of which:
Offshore centres⁶	*	*	-10,572	2,308	11,253	-8,945
¹Income on equity and other direct investment capital.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, St MaartenTurks and Caicos Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.