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Foreign Direct Investment Annual 2021

Direct investment in Ireland increased by €109bn in 2021

Online ISSN: 2009-6747

CSO statistical publication, 16 December 2022, 11am

Key Findings

Foreign direct investment in Ireland increased by €109bn to €1,208bn in 2021.
Equity and reinvested earnings inflows of €123bn were offset by decreases in other capital investment of €14bn.
Irish investment abroad increased by €296bn to €1,288bn.
Investment in Europe increased by €181bn while investment in the US increased by €77bn.
The services sector remained the largest sector for inward investment to Ireland in 2021, at €736bn or 61% of total investment.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) today (16 December 2022) released the Foreign Direct Investment Annual 2021.

Commenting on the release, Faris Bader, Statistician in the International Accounts Division said:

The increase in foreign direct investment in Ireland of €109bn to €1,208bn is largely attributed to increased investment from the US which was offset by decreased investment from other countries. This increase in investment is seen almost entirely in the services sector, predominantly in financial intermediation. Meanwhile, Irish foreign direct investment abroad increased by €296bn to €1,288bn, with investment in Europe increasing by €181bn and investment in the US increasing by €77bn. This increase is also seen almost entirely in the services sector, mainly with Europe.

Foreign Direct Investment Annual		€ million
	2020	2021
Flows - Abroad	-42,765	47,812
Flows - In Ireland	66,878	-5,284
Positions - Abroad - end year	992,246	1,288,480
Positions - In Ireland - end year	1,098,888	1,208,216
Positions - Net - end year	-106,642	80,264
Net Income Flows	-80,369	-94,118

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Headline Table (XLS 32KB)

X-axis label	Inward	Outward
2020	1098.888	992.246
2021	1208.216	1288.48

Irish stocks of direct investment abroad increased to €1,288bn at the end of 2021 from a stock position of €992bn at the end of 2020.

The stock of direct investment abroad at the end of 2021 comprised of Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings of €1396bn and the withdrawal of Other Capital of -€108bn. The decrease in Other Capital positions (-€53bn) was offset by an increase in Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings (€349bn). The decrease in Other Capital positions was mostly attributable to the withdrawal of investment from Luxembourg and the Americas of €27bn and €10bn respectively. The increase in Equity Capital and Reinvested Earnings positions was attributed to increased investment in Europe of €210bn and in the Americas of €95bn. For the data breakdowns, see Table 3.

The stock of direct investment in Ireland increased between the end of 2020 and end of 2021 - from €1,099bn to €1,208bn. Increased investment from the US of €179bn was offset by a decrease in investment from Europe and offshore centres of €46bn and €79bn respectively - Table 4.

Ireland had net foreign assets of €80bn at the end of 2021, an increase of €187bn on the net foreign liability of €107bn at the end 2020.

X-axis label	United States	Other	Offshore Centres	UK	Luxembourg	Switzerland
2021	423.34	212.031	315.268	33.246	132.376	91.955

X-axis label	United States	Ireland	Other	Offshore Centres	United Kingdom	France
2021	913.342	62.196	152.164	44.405	16.656	19.453

Direct investment positions by immediate and ultimate investor

In line with International recommendations the geographic allocation of direct investment flows and stocks in Tables 1 to 9 is based on the country of location of the immediate owner of the direct investment enterprise.

An alternative presentation of the stock of direct investment in Ireland by ultimate investor displays a different geographic pattern. Figure 2 presents the value of investment stock in Ireland by location of the immediate owner (of the direct investment enterprise). Figure 3 presents the value of investment stock in Ireland by location of the ultimate investor. In 2021, the stock of investment from the US as ultimate investor at €913bn was €490bn greater than the stock of US investment presented by immediate owner (€423bn). This difference indicates that while a great deal of investment into Ireland comes directly from our European counter parts, this investment originates from enterprises located in the US.

Investment stock from Ireland as ultimate investor at €62bn primarily represents former US-based corporate inversion enterprises which are now located in Ireland (see figure 3).

For further analysis on FDI, that explores its impact on the Irish economy with respect to employment, wages and regional breakdowns, see the FDI in Ireland publication. This research publication also contains numerous statistics based on the location of the ultimate investor, pass-through FDI and round-tripping FDI.

Investment flows

Flows of direct investment into Ireland amounted to -€5bn in 2021: Reinvested earnings inflows of €47bn were offset by decreases in equity and other capital investment of €18bn and €34bn respectively. The total flows of FDI into Ireland were largely attributable to outflows to the US that amounted to €48bn, and which were offset by investments from Central America, Asia and Europe of €24bn, €7bn and €6bn respectively - see Table 2.

X-axis label	Belgium	UK	Offshore Centres	Netherlands	Luxembourg	Other
Flows	0.758	-2.714	54.984	17.591	-24.464	-3.41700000000001

X-axis label	Total	Europe	US
2014	36.317	19.549	6.892
2015	196.363	79.976	76.457
2016	35.607	96.488	-55.433
2017	46.77	101.238	-53.064
2018	-10.176	-154.913	74.256
2019	133.485	67.936	-105.339
2020	66.878	8.466
2021	-5.284	5.636	-48.022

Please note: The Inward FDI flow for US in year 2020 is suppressed due to confidentiality requirements.

In 2015, the flow of direct investment into Ireland increased by €196bn mainly due to increased investment from Europe (€80bn) and the US (€76bn). This increase in 2015 pertains to the financing of intellectual property as well as the onshoring of other assets. In years 2020 and 2021, flows of direct investment into Ireland amounted to €67bn and -€5bn respectively. - see Table 2.

Direct investment abroad amounted to €48bn in 2021, compared to -€43bn in 2020. Reinvested earnings abroad and equity investments abroad of €19bn and €47bn were offset by a decrease in other capital investment abroad of €18bn. This decrease in other capital investment abroad was spread across geographical regions - see Table 1.

Sectoral breakdown

Investment abroad by enterprises located in Ireland is primarily in the services sector – an investment position of €1,033bn at the end of 2021 is up €256bn compared to the position at the end of 2020 (€777bn). The stock of services sector investment into the EU was €585bn (57% of total services sector investment). Investment abroad from the manufacturing sector amounted to €218bn, up €32bn on the position at the end of 2020 (€186bn) - see table 7.

The services sector is also the largest sector for inward investment - at the end of 2021, the investment position was €736bn, up €115bn from the position at the end of 2020 (€621bn). The investment position in financial intermediation increased from €225bn at end of 2020 to €317bn at end of 2021. Investment in administrative and support activities increased from €61bn in 2020 to €79bn in 2021. Investment in the manufacturing sector decreased by €6bn to a stock position of €470bn in the same period - see Table 8.

X-axis label	Manufacturing	Services
In Ireland	470.195	736.299
Abroad	218.369	1033.467

Direct investment income

Income outflows of foreign owned direct investment enterprises were €129bn in 2021, an increase of €26bn compared with 2020. Earnings of European owned companies were €55bn in 2021, down €12bn on the 2020 figure. Income earned abroad by investors located in Ireland was €35bn in 2021, up €12bn from 2020. The income earned abroad was predominantly from Luxembourg (€16bn), the US (€7bn), the Netherlands and the UK (€3bn & €3bn) - see Table 9.

Table 1 Direct Investment Flows Abroad Classified by Location of Investment

Table 1 Direct Investment¹ Flows Abroad Classified by Location of Investment								€ million
Region/Country	2020 ²				2021
Region/Country	Equity	Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total	Equity	Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total
Europe	-114,940	15,144	-44,802	-144,598	23,673	22,056	5,137	50,866
of which:
Belgium	-43	*	*	-1,708	*	*	*	-48
France	-345	177	13	-155	390	18	358	767
Germany	-283	-289	239	-333	1,428	-137	1,102	2,393
Italy	214	-51	31	195	493	85	475	1,052
Luxembourg	-124,752	10,455	-3,565	-117,862	*	15,685	*	5,661
Netherlands	*	2,329	*	3,394	*	2,531	*	22,420
Spain	-167	4	-36	-199	129	-12	33	150
Switzerland	*	277	*	-21,490	*	-8	8,637	*
United Kingdom	18,920	1,979	-12,235	8,664	375	2,158	1,453	3,986
EU 27³	-124,548	12,652	-7,412	-119,306	21,299	18,065	-4,920	34,444
EMU 19⁴	-126,229	12,654	-6,641	-120,217	21,916	18,050	-6,760	33,206

Americas	*	3,335	*	106,606	10,654	-2,741	-6,994	919
North America	*	3,274	12,449	*	10,672	-2,485	8,868	17,055
of which:
Canada	*	17	*	349	*	-49	*	-900
United States	*	3,257	*	*	*	-2,436	*	17,954
Central America	*	47	*	-6,637	*	-300	*	-16,176
South America	79	14	*	*	*	44	*	41

Asia	*	*	*	-4,136	6,334	-867	-1,789	3,678
of which:
China	*	*	-11	*	*	*	59	*
Hong Kong	*	19	*	-7	*	*	*	158
Japan	33	12	22	67	*	*	*	546

Africa	*	16	*	*	*	-71	*	*
Oceania and Polar Regions	*	*	*	*	*	-50	*	*

Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	*	*	*	534	*	*

Total	-146	16,029	-58,648	-42,765	47,029	18,862	-18,079	47,812
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	*	198	*	-17,672	*	2,294	*	9,666
¹Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU28 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Table 1 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 2 Direct Investment Flows into Ireland Classified by Location of Investor

Table 2 Direct Investment¹ Flows into Ireland Classified by Location of Investor								€ million
Region/Country	2020 ²				2021
Region/Country	Equity	Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total	Equity	Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total
Europe	-16,858	45,181	-19,856	8,466	-15,781	23,930	-2,513	5,636
of which:
Belgium	*	1,533	*	590	*	1,589	*	758
France	-461	1,701	809	2,049	69	1,132	-931	269
Germany	*	847	*	2,156	-246	312	-2,557	-2,491
Italy	-561	1,569	708	1,716	*	1,692	*	-1,942
Luxembourg	-15,322	2,503	21,250	8,431	*	3,456	*	-24,464
Netherlands	22,033	9,393	-39,543	-8,117	1,091	11,427	5,073	17,591
United Kingdom	-3,879	161	5,927	2,209	-12,173	-58	9,517	-2,714
EU 27³	5,653	16,546	-14,414	7,786	-38,056	19,114	700	-18,242
EMU 19⁴	5,624	16,501	-16,947	5,178	-38,085	18,790	214	-19,081

North America	55,538	8,643	-14,446	49,735	*	*	-43,464	-47,140
of which:
Canada	-66	-141	*	*	*	-102	*	882
United States	55,604	8,785	*	*	*	*	*	-48,022

Central America	17,667	12,486	-13,606	16,547	16,729	5,305	2,059	24,092
of which:
Bermuda	18,040	11,516	-13,715	15,841	*	3,999	*	6,559

South America	0	0	-19	-19	-11	0	216	205
of which:
Brazil	0	0	-62	-62	0	0	-110	-110

Asia	*	*	*	12,837	*	1,559	*	7,345
of which:
China	*	*	*	1,698	*	212	*	188
Japan	*	*	187	*	*	1,057	*	1,684

Africa	0	9	-44	-36	-4	7	201	203
Oceania and Polar Regions	*	*	*	26	*	*	*	938

Not geographically allocated⁵	-11,028	*	*	-20,703	*	*	3,419	3,422

Total	52,036	70,348	-55,506	66,878	-18,162	47,029	-34,151	-5,284
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	8,166	27,246	-11,571	23,841	53,339	6,059	-4,415	54,984
¹Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Table 2 (XLS 14KB)

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Table 3 Direct Investment Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investment

Table 3 Direct Investment¹ Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investment						€ million
Region/Country	2020 ²			2021
Region/Country	Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total	Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total
Europe	629,840	-22,258	607,582	840,298	-52,046	788,252
of which:
France	2,851	243	3,094	7,970	631	8,601
Germany	2,678	323	3,001	3,263	1,350	4,613
Italy	2,735	-676	2,060	3,084	-220	2,864
Luxembourg	365,003	4,124	369,127	516,362	-22,783	493,579
Netherlands	51,915	4,344	56,259	84,775	2,155	86,930
Switzerland	5,165	-31,470	-26,305	-2,668	-39,724	-42,392
United Kingdom	97,794	5,049	102,844	92,530	9,003	101,533
Offshore centres	*	*	57,348	*	*	95,507
EU 27³	466,522	4,173	470,695	651,716	-21,511	630,204
EMU 19⁴	456,259	5,370	461,629	644,403	-22,092	622,311

Americas	281,498	-33,433	248,064	376,884	-43,795	333,089
North America	214,519	-7,391	207,128	283,615	1,001	284,616
of which:
Canada	2,872	7	2,879	2,642	323	2,965
United States	211,647	-7,398	204,249	280,973	678	281,651
Central America	*	*	39,919	*	*	47,474
of which:
Offshore centres	65,481	-26,304	39,178	*	*	46,637
South America	*	*	1,017	*	*	998

Asia	*	*	59,346	82,665	-13,989	68,676
Africa	*	*	687	*	*	1,140
Oceania and Polar Regions	3,346	161	3,506	4,865	457	5,322
Not geographically allocated⁵	*	*	73,060	*	*	92,002

Total	1,047,394	-55,148	992,246	1,396,224	-107,745	1,288,480
of which:
All offshore centres⁶	*	*	147,941	*	*	201,560
¹The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net asset position, while a minus sign indicates a net liability position.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Table 3 (XLS 14KB)

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Table 4 Direct Investment in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investor

Table 4 Direct Investment¹ in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Location of Investor						€ million
Region/Country	2020 ²			2021
Region/Country	Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total	Equity Capital & Reinvested Earnings	Other Capital	Total
Europe	549,197	-12,897	536,301	513,455	-22,729	490,726
of which:
Belgium	3,872	-19,752	-15,880	4,010	-21,338	-17,329
France	21,181	1,246	22,427	25,806	687	26,493
Germany	12,759	-5,272	7,488	12,182	-7,338	4,845
Italy	8,745	1,007	9,752	5,560	446	6,006
Luxembourg	107,744	10,154	117,898	122,218	10,158	132,376
Netherlands	91,975	22,850	114,825	95,966	27,036	123,002
Spain	*	*	9,699	1,178	323	1,501
Switzerland	107,788	-21,762	86,026	118,590	-26,636	91,955
United Kingdom	50,468	-13,577	36,891	38,553	-5,307	33,246
Offshore centres	*	*	128,525	*	143	*
EU 27³	270,221	11,462	281,683	283,240	10,635	293,875
EMU 19⁴	267,247	11,774	279,021	280,069	10,622	290,691

North America	209,444	37,052	246,496	453,565	-26,896	426,670
of which:
Canada	1,709	589	2,298	2,635	694	3,330
United States	207,735	36,463	244,198	450,930	-27,590	423,340

Central America	197,588	63,397	260,985	124,004	111,691	235,694
of which:
Offshore centres	197,588	63,572	261,161	124,004	112,060	236,063

South America	0	-261	-261	-11	-91	-102
of which:
Brazil	0	-225	-225	0	*	*

Asia	*	*	48,370	*	5,639	*
of which:
China	*	*	8,216	*	*	9,198
Japan	*	409	*	19,691	1,102	20,793
Singapore	334	867	1,200	961	5,553	6,515
Offshore centres⁵	1,919	2,117	4,037	2,741	7,229	9,970

Africa	269	-163	106	246	*	*
Oceania and Polar Regions	*	*	666	*	*	1,620

Not geographically allocated⁶	*	*	6,213	*	*	*

Total	1,003,006	95,882	1,098,888	1,126,230	81,985	1,208,216
of which:
All offshore centres⁷	316,465	77,326	393,791	195,831	119,437	315,268
¹The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net liability position, while a minus sign indicates a net asset position.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category overlaps with some of the regions referred to above.
⁶This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁷This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives, Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, St MaartenTurks and Caicos Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Table 4 (XLS 14KB)

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Table 5 Direct Investment Flows Abroad Classified by Activity of Resident Investor

Table 5 Direct Investment¹ Flows Abroad Classified by Activity² of Resident Investor							€ million
Sector	NACE ²	2020 ³			2021
	NACE ²	Total	of which:		Total	of which:
	Section & Division	Total	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Total	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵
All Industries		-42,765	-119,306	-120,217	47,812	34,444	33,206
of which:
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction	A, B & F	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total Manufacturing Sector	C	-35,450	*	*	8,637	-729	-972
Food, beverages and tobacco products	10, 11 & 12	*	*	*	*	*	*
Textiles and wood	13, 14 & 16 - 18	*	*	*	*	*	*
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations	21	-22,636	*	*	*	68	55
Other manufacturing n.e.s.		*	955	-27	5,607	696	629

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply	D	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total Services Sector	45 - 99	-5,291	-15,963	-15,957	39,317	34,333	33,170
Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles	G	-1,095	*	*	1,971	1,645	*
Transportation and storage	H	0	0	0	0	0	0
Information and communication	J	3,486	*	*	*	*	*
Financial and insurance activities	K	-3,041	4,401	4,562	32,290	26,267	26,252
of which:
Activities of holding companies	64.2	1,813	*	2,174	32,812	*	*
Other service activities⁶		-4641	-20,849	-20,306	*	*	6,683
¹Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment.
²The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
³Revised.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁵The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁶This covers residual FDI service activity.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Table 5 (XLS 13KB)

Table 6 Direct Investment Flows into Ireland Classified by Activity of Resident Enterprise

Table 6 Direct Investment¹Flows into Ireland Classified by Activity²of Resident Enterprise													€ million
Sector	NACE ²	2020³						2021
	NACE ²		of which:						of which:
	Section & Division	Total	United States	Japan	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Offshore Centres	Total	United States	Japan	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Offshore Centres
All Industries		66,878	*	*	7,786	5,178	23,841	-5,284	-48,022	1,684	-18,242	-19,080	54,984
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction	A, B & F	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	0
Total Manufacturing Sector	C	46,107	4,579	-225	19,801	18,803	26,420	-17,772	-38,632	6	9,501	9,788	4,181
Food, beverages and tobacco products	10, 11 & 12	-669	*	0	*	*	*	1,336	*	*	*	*	*
Textiles and wood	13, 14 & 16 - 18	*	-1	0	1	-1	1	*	0	0	0	0	0
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations	21	87,228	*	-27	28,984	28,559	16,760	6,246	-7,546	*	9,460	9,661	854
Other manufacturing n.e.s.		*	*	-198	*	*	*	*	*	0	*	*	*

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply	D	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	0	0	0	0
Total Services Sector	45 - 99	20,501	*	*	-12,034	-13,675	-2,579	12,131	-9,406	1,678	*	*	50,803
Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles	G	434	*	*	1,053	905	60	1,720	*	*	545	592	*
Transportation and storage	H	*	*	0	*	*	*	*	*	0	*	*	*
Information and communication	J	53,128	56,373	18	961	817	-5,086	-37,160	-19,443	*	-120	6	-15,579
Financial intermediation	64	-5,250	-15,498	322	-6,898	-8,489	1,220	57,629	20,313	1,137	-34,436	-35,637	*
of which:
Activities of holding companies	64.2	1,247	-169	0	*	1,051	38	43,945	*	*	*	*	*
Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding	65	2,046	-502	-17	3,307	3,489	389	2,071	30	-1	616	584	1,812
Other financial activities	66	1,045	*	*	954	952	*	786	*	*	*	278	*
Other services activities⁶		*	*	9,234	*	*	876	*	*	740	*	*	*
¹Data are provided according to arithmetic sign conventions. e.g. minus signs are used in cases where there is withdrawal of investment.
²The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
³Revised.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁵The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁶This covers residual FDI service activity.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Table 6 (XLS 14KB)

Table 7 Direct Investment Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Activity of Resident Investor

Table 7 Direct Investment¹ Abroad End Year Positions Classified by Activity² of Resident Investor							€ million
Sector	NACE²	2020 ³			2021
	NACE²		of which:			of which:
	Section & Division	Total	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Total	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵
All Industries		992,246	470,695	461,629	*	630,204	622,311
of which:
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing; Mining and Quarrying; Construction	A, B & F	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total Manufacturing Sector	C	185,893	38,171	36,876	218,369	34,397	32,528
Food, beverages and tobacco products	10, 11 & 12	*	*	*	*	*	*
Textiles and wood	13, 14 & 16 - 18	*	*	*	*	*	*
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations	21	*	*	2,610	*	3,403	3,261
Other manufacturing n.e.s.		69,373	12,582	11,253	87,629	6,540	4,857

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply	D	*	*	*	*	*	*

Total Services Sector	45 - 99	777,323	423,822	416,052	1,033,467	584,560	578,357
Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles	G	8,100	*	1,438	*	2,487	2,200
Transportation and storage	H	*	*	*	*	*	*
Information and communication	J	*	*	2,334	*	*	965
Financial and insurance activities	K	113,822	52,142	50,927	*	83,368	82,222
of which:
Activities of holding companies	64.2	59,277	*	52,534	*	80,778	80,631
Other service activities⁶		584,915	*	*	816,236	*	*
¹The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'Abroad', an entry without sign indicates a net asset position, while a minus sign indicates a net liability position.
²The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
³Revised.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁵The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁶This covers residual FDI service activity.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Table 7 (XLS 13KB)

Table 8 Direct Investment in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Activity of Resident Enterprise

Table 8 Direct Investment¹ in Ireland End Year Positions Classified by Activity² of Resident Enterprise													€ million
Sector	NACE ²	2020 ³						2021
	NACE ²		of which:						of which:
	Section & Division	Total	United States	Japan	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Offshore Centres	Total	United States	Japan	EU 27⁴	EMU 19⁵	Offshore Centres
All Industries		1,098,888	244,198	*	281,683	279,021	393,791	1,208,216	423,340	20,793	293,875	290,691	315,268
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	A	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	0	*	*	0
Mining and Quarrying; Construction	B	*	0	*	*	0	0	*	0	0	*	0	0
Total Manufacturing	C	476,685	73,350	-452	124,815	*	231,620	470,195	134,926	-412	127,829	127,403	155,607
Food, beverages and tobacco products	10, 11 & 12	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
Textiles and wood	13, 14 & 16 - 18	*	0	0	0	*	0	*	0	0	0	0	*
Basic pharmaceutical products and preparations	21	229,066	66,772	329	65,368	64,905	40,009	239,505	78,343	343	59,926	59,653	42,561
Metal and mechanical products	24, 25, 26 & 28	*	*	*	*	*	*	111,698	*	*	*	*	33,942
Other manufacturing		*	569	*	42,577	*	*	48,281	-4,774	-82	46,273	46,275	653

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning supply	D	*	*	*	0	0	0	*	*	0	0	*	0
Total Services Sector	45 - 99	621,009	170,847	*	156,713	154,902	162,171	736,299	288,413	21,205	165,876	163,286	159,661
Wholesale and retail trade; Repairs of motor vehicles	G	19,794	*	*	*	7,056	6,139	20,326	647	*	7,239	7,186	*
Information and communication	J	198,875	74,360	*	3,576	3,437	112,925	211,687	163,131	0	2,973	3,038	*
Financial intermediation	64	224,893	77,323	*	87,357	86,214	18,130	316,557	81,366	14,947	79,135	76,925	86,816
of which:
Activities of holding companies	64.2	34,112	*	0	*	*	6,150	75,876	*	*	*	*	63,976
Insurance services	65	29,721	2,749	313	17,555	17,323	6,738	33,457	*	360	17,354	17,171	9,167
Administrative and support activities	N	60,657	14,906	*	*	11,514	4,522	78,831	*	*	12,012	11,822	4,079
Other services activities⁶		87,069	*	32,791	29,359	29,358	13,717	75,441	-446	1	47,163	47,144	15,727
¹The sign convention used is: for year-end positions 'In Ireland' an entry without sign indicates a net liability position, while a minus sign indicates a net asset position.
²The activity classification used in this release is the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
³Revised.
⁴For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁵The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁶This covers residual FDI service activity.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.

Open in Excel: Foreign Direct Investment 2021 Table 8 (XLS 14KB)

Table 9 Direct Investment Income Flows Classified by Geographic Location of Creditor/Debtor

Table 9 Direct Investment Income¹ Flows Classified by Geographic Location of Creditor/Debtor						€ million
Region/Country	2020 ²			2021
Region/Country	Inflows	Outflows	Net	Inflows	Outflows	Net
Europe	19,982	66,337	-46,355	26,146	54,650	-28,504
of which:
Belgium	-171	1,666	-1,837	*	1,615	*
France	248	1,841	-1,593	308	1,743	-1,435
Germany	*	1,021	*	591	734	-143
Italy	-105	1,629	-1,734	210	1,724	-1,514
Luxembourg	11,415	6,470	4,945	15,819	10,164	5,655
Netherlands	2,874	13,212	-10,338	3,391	17,354	-13,963
Spain	53	402	-349	120	34	86
Switzerland	407	23,948	-23,541	36	17,453	-17,417
United Kingdom	2,740	1,716	1,024	3,284	1,534	1,750
EU 27³	16,508	24,973	-8,465	20,961	32,928	-11,967
EMU 19⁴	16,446	24,867	-8,421	20,837	32,577	-11,740

Americas	4,504	31,320	-26,816	6,476	71,420	-64,944
of which:
Canada	46	-89	135	-35	-55	20
United States	4,190	14,090	-9,900	6,528	62,330	-55,802
Offshore centres	190	17,316	-17,126	-131	9,144	-9,275

Asia	*	4,571	*	1,259	*	*
of which:
Japan	*	*	-3,217	*	1,062	*

Africa	14	18	-4	*	*	4
Oceania and Polar Regions	*	7	*	*	*	*
Not geographically allocated⁵	922	436	486	589	724	-135

Total	22,320	102,689	-80,369	34,786	128,904	-94,118
of which:
Offshore centres⁶	434	33,734	-33,300	2,858	12,558	-9,700
¹Income on equity and other direct investment capital.
²Revised.
³For analytical purposes, additional details are given of transactions between residents of Ireland and residents of the EU27 area.
⁴The relevant EMU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
⁵This category covers data supplied by respondents without a geographical breakdown.
⁶This category overlaps with the regions referred to above and covers Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Barbados, Bahrain, Bermuda, Bahamas, Belize, Cook Islands, Curacao, Dominica, Grenada, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Isle of Man, Jersey, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Cayman Islands, Lebanon, Saint Lucia, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Montserrat, Maldives Nauru, Niue, Panama, Philippines, Singapore, St MaartenTurks and Caicos Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Virgin Islands, US Virgin Islands, Vanuatu, Samoa.
*Data suppressed for confidentiality reasons.