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Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2023 (Final) Q1 2024 (Preliminary Estimates)

Average weekly earnings up 4.7% in the 12 months to Q1 2024

Online ISSN: 2009-5023

CSO statistical publication, 29 May 2024, 11am

Key Findings

Average weekly earnings were €969.12 in Quarter 1 (Q1) 2024, up 4.7% from €925.44 in Q1 2023.
Average hourly earnings rose by 4.5% to €29.82 in Q1 2024, from €28.54 in Q1 2023.
Average weekly paid hours were 32.5 in Q1 2024, up by 0.3% from Q1 2023 hours of 32.4.
The job vacancy rate at the end of Q1 2024 was 1.1%, lower than the 1.4% recorded at the end of Q1 2023 and remained unchanged from the end of Q4 2023.
Average hourly other labour costs grew by 9.8% to €5.05 in Q1 2024, from €4.60 in Q1 2023.
The highest averages for hourly total labour costs in Q1 2024 were €60.42 in Information & Communication, and €53.37 in Financial & Real Estate.
The Public Administration & Defence sector had the highest job vacancy rate at 2.2% in Q1 2024, followed by 1.8% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (29 May 2024) issued Earnings and Labour costs results with Preliminary estimates for Quarter 1 (Q1) 2024 and Final estimates for Q4 2023.

Commenting on the data, Louise Egan, Statistician in the Earnings Analysis Division, said: “Preliminary estimates for January, February and March (Q1) 2024 show average weekly earnings were €969.12, up 4.7% compared with €925.44 in Q1 2023.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings rose across 12 out of 13 sectors in the year to Q1 2024. The largest annual percentage increase in average weekly earnings in Q1 2024 was 8.9% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities sector.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 4.5% to €29.82, while average weekly paid hours increased by 0.3% to 32.5 in Q1 2024 from 32.4 in Q1 2023. Over the five years from Q1 2019 to Q1 2024, average hourly earnings went up by 24.0% from €24.05 to €29.82.

Labour Costs

Average hourly other labour costs rose by 9.8% across all economic sectors to €5.05 in Q1 2024 from €4.60 in Q1 2023, while average hourly total labour costs grew by 5.2% in the same period.

The sector with the highest average hourly total labour costs in Q1 2024 was the Information & Communication sector at €60.42. The lowest average total labour costs were in the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, which recorded a rate of €18.85.

Job Vacancy Rate

The job vacancy rate in Q1 2024, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was 1.1%, which was unchanged from the end of Q4 2023 and down from 1.4% at the end of Q1 2023."

Earnings and Labour Costs Survey (EHECS) series updates following Census 2022

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of employment estimates. Earnings and Labour Costs sectoral estimates are adjusted to reflect the trends of the LFS sectoral employment. Today's Q1 2024 Earnings and Labour Costs (ELC) results incorporate updated earnings and labour costs estimates for the period 2016 Q3 to 2023 Q4, based on the results of Census 2022. ELC results are updated in this way following each Census of Population. Earnings and Labour Costs updated quarterly estimates in today's publication and associated PxStat tables do not significantly impact previously published trends. It is intended that the ELC annual estimates will reflect the updated population estimates in the next publication of PxStat tables on 25 June 2024.

For further information see Background Notes.

Preliminary Estimates Q1 2024

Headline Table: Earnings, Hours and Labour Costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
	Average Weekly Earnings	Average Hourly Earnings	Average Hourly Total Labour Costs	Average Weekly Paid Hours
	€	€	€	Hours
	Unadjusted
Q1 2023	925.44	28.54	33.14	32.4
Q1 2024	969.12	29.82	34.87	32.5
Annual % change	4.7	4.5	5.2	0.3
	Seasonally Adjusted
Q4 2023	928.04	28.42	33.43	32.5
Q1 2024	946.55	28.96	34.01	32.5
Quarterly % change	2.0	1.9	1.7	0.0

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2024 HLT (XLS 10KB)

Editor's Note

While there is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the public/private sector wage gap, the CSO has published analysis of the differential using a matched Labour Force Survey and PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) dataset for 2019-2022. This analysis took account of compositional differences between the public and private sector, such as occupational mix, sectors of activity, gender balance, union membership, etc. The public sector pay gap in 2022 was estimated to range from -6.6% to +0.9% depending on the specification applied and the treatment of the additional superannuation contribution.

For the most recent analysis, see Econometric Analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential 2022. Previous analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential is available here.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings were €969.12 in Q1 2024, an increase of 4.7% when compared with €925.44 from one year earlier, according to preliminary estimates of the Earnings and Labour Costs quarterly release.

The largest annual percentage increase in Q1 2024 in average weekly earnings was 8.9% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Services sector, rising from €595.67 to €648.95. The second largest increase was 8.5% in the Construction sector which rose from €886.66 to €961.97 over the year.

In the five years to Q1 2024, average weekly earnings rose by 25.6%. All sectors saw increases in average weekly earnings over this period.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 4.5% to €29.82 in Q1 2024, while average weekly paid hours rose from 32.4 in Q1 2023 to 32.5 in Q1 2024. Over the five years from Q1 2019 to Q1 2024, average hourly earnings rose by 24.0% from €24.05 to €29.82, while average paid hours increased 1.2% from 32.1 to 32.5 hours.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	40.698452694988
Arts & entertainment	27.4800612894354
Accommodation & food	26.0517845443929
All sectors	25.6264340251222
Construction	25.1847899640831
Industry	25.0005392696132
Professional & technical	24.9121885566097
Health & social	24.6828810941981
Admin & support service	24.6291328657768
Education	19.2287104333448
Wholesale & retail	18.0805005919161
Public admin & defence	17.0831421300738
Financial & real estate	15.9944106603383
Transportation	6.82135143474236

#REF!

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q117	22.69	22.16
Q217	22.27	22.31
Q317	22.16	22.66
Q417	22.6	22.61
Q118	23.4	22.83
Q218	22.94	22.97
Q318	22.62	23.17
Q418	23.31	23.32
Q119	24.05	23.42
Q219	23.69	23.72
Q319	23.54	24.17
Q419	24.23	24.23
Q120	24.76	24.09
Q220	25.38	25.4
Q320	24.38	25.07
Q420	25.57	25.57
Q121	26.84	26.09
Q221	26.08	26.08
Q321	25.31	26.08
Q421	26.29	26.28
Q122	27.46	26.67
Q222	26.76	26.75
Q322	26.22	27.04
Q422	27.89	27.89
Q123	28.54	27.71
Q223	28.19	28.16
Q323	27.83	28.72
Q423	28.43	28.42
Q124	29.82	28.96

	Q1 2023	Q1 2024
Industry	29	30.65
Construction	24.47	26.17
Wholesale & retail	22.29	23.36
Transportation	23.58	23.9
Accommodation & food	15.78	16.97
Information & communication	44.2	47.46
Financial & real estate	42.85	42.59
Professional & technical	31.77	32.88
Admin & support service	23.18	24.27
Public admin & defence	30.08	30.95
Education	39.79	40.89
Health & social	26.71	27.93
Arts & entertainment	21.69	22.68
All sectors	28.54	29.82

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q117	32	32.3
Q217	32.4	32.4
Q317	32.4	32.3
Q417	32.4	32.2
Q118	31.8	32.3
Q218	32.5	32.5
Q318	32.8	32.5
Q418	32.4	32.4
Q119	32.1	32.4
Q219	32.6	32.6
Q319	32.7	32.6
Q419	32.4	32.4
Q120	32.3	32.3
Q220	32.2	32.2
Q320	32.6	32.4
Q420	33.1	32.7
Q121	32.1	32.8
Q221	32.6	32.7
Q321	33.1	32.5
Q421	32.9	32.7
Q122	32.3	32.8
Q222	32.6	32.7
Q322	33.1	32.7
Q422	32.4	32.5
Q123	32.4	32.6
Q223	32.3	32.4
Q323	32.6	32.5
Q423	32.6	32.5
Q124	32.5	32.5

Total Labour Costs

Average hourly total labour costs were €34.87 across all economic sectors in Q1 2024. Information & Communication had the highest average hourly total labour costs at €60.42, followed by €53.37 in the Financial & Real estate activities sector.

The sectors with the lowest cost of employing labour were Accommodation & Food Services Activities at €18.85 and Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities at €27.18.

Average hourly total labour costs increased by 25.7% over the five years to Q1 2024, from €27.74 per hour to €34.87.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	46.7573475831916
Arts & entertainment	30.7988450433109
Accommodation & food	27.3648648648649
All sectors	25.7029560201875
Admin & support services	25.6272401433692
Industry	24.9830737982397
Construction	24.9263157894737
Professional & technical	24.6418338108882
Health & social	20.6030150753769
Wholesale & retail	20.2286719437115
Public admin & defence	19.2847124824685
Financial & real estate	18.2845744680851
Education	15.8282520325203
Transportation	6.10310841546626

Public Sector

Average weekly earnings increased by 4.0% across the public sector in the year to Q1 2024, rising from €1,103.55 to €1,147.50.

The Building Momentum Public Service Agreement 2021-2022 was implemented in Q4 2022 and introduced an increase in the annualised basic salaries for public servants of 3%, which was backdated to 02 February 2022. Payments to public servants in Q4 2022 may have included backdated pay in relation to this Agreement, which impacts the annual percentage change of average weekly earnings.

An Garda Síochána had the highest average weekly earnings in Q1 2024 in the public sector at €1,569.22. The highest average hourly earnings in this period were €46.51 in the Education sector.

FALSE

	Q1 2023	Q1 2024
Civil service	1053.48	1108.51
Defence	921.69	965.97
Garda Siochana	1495.7	1569.22
Education	1126.43	1128.21
Regional bodies	948.5	969.42
Health	1089.27	1169.44
Semi-state	1168.48	1229.07
All public sector	1103.55	1147.5

	Q1 2023	Q1 2024
Civil service	45400	47800
Defence	9400	9900
Garda Siochana	14300	14300
Education	112600	113200
Regional bodies	35700	37500
Health	158900	164900
Semi-state	60100	62900

Job Vacancies

The job vacancy rate in Q1 2024, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was down at 1.1% from 1.4% in Q1 2023. It remained unchanged at 1.1% recorded at the end of Q4 2023.

The highest job vacancy rates in Q1 2024 were 2.2% in the Public Administration & Defence sector, followed by 1.8% in Professional, Scientific and Technical activities sector.

There were 24,700 job vacancies, (rounded to the nearest 100), at the end of Q1 2024, down by 6,600 from the end of Q1 2023.

X-axis label	Job Vacancy Rate
Q117	1
Q217	1.1
Q317	1.1
Q417	1
Q118	1
Q218	1.2
Q318	1
Q418	0.9
Q119	1.2
Q219	1.1
Q319	0.9
Q419	0.9
Q120	0.8
Q220	0.7
Q320	0.8
Q420	0.9
Q121	1
Q221	1.2
Q321	1.5
Q421	1.4
Q122	1.6
Q222	1.6
Q322	1.6
Q422	1.3
Q123	1.4
Q223	1.3
Q323	1.2
Q423	1.1
Q124	1.1

Tables

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	927.18	955.00	989.25	1,023.01	1,098.98	1,063.98	1,158.98	95.00	8.9	60.00	5.5
F	Construction	768.44	834.22	808.61	877.24	886.66	947.70	961.97	14.27	1.5	75.31	8.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	591.30	619.46	622.72	654.39	663.65	682.17	698.21	16.04	2.4	34.56	5.2
H	Transportation and storage	810.25	823.02	756.57	820.92	849.84	893.14	865.52	-27.62	-3.1	15.68	1.8
I	Accommodation and food services	351.07	360.08	388.92	391.46	424.93	438.66	442.53	3.87	0.9	17.60	4.1
J	Information and communication	1,269.95	1,323.93	1,428.60	1,510.01	1,652.72	1,581.02	1,786.80	205.78	13.0	134.08	8.1
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,281.01	1,280.35	1,346.86	1,381.68	1,496.52	1,313.57	1,485.90	172.33	13.1	-10.62	-0.7
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	913.89	965.45	1,006.31	1,096.60	1,091.30	1,144.02	1,141.56	-2.46	-0.2	50.26	4.6
N	Administrative and support services	618.82	642.86	698.16	736.88	734.38	749.22	771.23	22.01	2.9	36.85	5.0
O	Public administration and defence	958.84	968.11	1,006.33	989.24	1,077.29	1,110.96	1,122.64	11.68	1.1	45.35	4.2
P	Education	840.67	865.48	932.40	930.66	976.70	990.83	1,002.32	11.49	1.2	25.62	2.6
Q	Human health and social work	725.28	762.75	781.29	813.52	853.93	887.91	904.30	16.39	1.8	50.37	5.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	509.06	542.96	603.81	621.89	595.67	646.98	648.95	1.97	0.3	53.28	8.9
All Sectors		771.43	799.96	860.45	886.90	925.44	927.50	969.12	41.62	4.5	43.68	4.7
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		716.83	745.42	803.21	843.03	872.52	870.10	915.64	45.54	5.2	43.12	4.9
Public sector²		960.16	989.94	1,038.28	1,024.72	1,103.55	1,116.35	1,147.50	31.15	2.8	43.95	4.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		599.46	623.28	658.89	696.31	716.16	760.16	759.68	-0.48	-0.1	43.52	6.1
50-250 employees		724.40	755.69	815.36	827.99	854.42	847.29	898.28	50.99	6.0	43.86	5.1
Greater than 250 employees		909.44	940.84	999.79	1,009.65	1,076.18	1,052.26	1,114.36	62.10	5.9	38.18	3.5
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8a.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2024 Table 1 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	24.37	25.09	26.58	27.45	29.00	27.98	30.65	2.67	9.5	1.65	5.7
F	Construction	21.14	22.17	23.99	23.68	24.47	25.58	26.17	0.59	2.3	1.70	6.9
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	19.65	19.93	20.61	21.70	22.29	22.45	23.36	0.91	4.1	1.07	4.8
H	Transportation and storage	22.64	22.39	21.79	23.20	23.58	23.36	23.90	0.54	2.3	0.32	1.4
I	Accommodation and food services	13.33	13.79	16.11	15.17	15.78	16.20	16.97	0.77	4.8	1.19	7.5
J	Information and communication	34.24	35.81	39.13	40.92	44.20	42.06	47.46	5.40	12.8	3.26	7.4
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	36.74	37.06	39.22	40.06	42.85	37.80	42.59	4.79	12.7	-0.26	-0.6
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	26.99	28.37	29.59	31.68	31.77	33.09	32.88	-0.21	-0.6	1.11	3.5
N	Administrative and support services	19.59	20.50	22.38	23.53	23.18	23.16	24.27	1.11	4.8	1.09	4.7
O	Public administration and defence	26.06	26.54	27.72	28.54	30.08	30.98	30.95	-0.03	-0.1	0.87	2.9
P	Education	35.77	36.47	37.64	38.99	39.79	41.41	40.89	-0.52	-1.3	1.10	2.8
Q	Human health and social work	23.20	24.15	24.57	24.85	26.71	27.73	27.93	0.20	0.7	1.22	4.6
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	18.34	19.51	20.95	21.76	21.69	22.14	22.68	0.54	2.4	0.99	4.6
All Sectors		24.05	24.76	26.84	27.46	28.54	28.43	29.82	1.39	4.9	1.28	4.5
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		22.43	23.07	25.22	26.07	26.98	26.49	28.21	1.72	6.5	1.23	4.6
Public sector²		29.55	30.65	31.75	31.86	33.72	35.04	35.16	0.12	0.3	1.44	4.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.71	19.97	21.62	22.45	23.59	24.14	24.56	0.42	1.7	0.97	4.1
50-250 employees		22.36	23.33	25.43	25.65	26.19	25.75	27.80	2.05	8.0	1.61	6.1
Greater than 250 employees		27.46	28.47	30.27	30.61	32.03	31.73	33.30	1.57	4.9	1.27	4.0
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average hourly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8b.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2024 Table 2 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	%	hours	%
B-E	Industry	38.0	38.1	37.2	37.3	37.9	38.0	37.8	-0.2	-0.5	-0.1	-0.3
F	Construction	36.3	37.6	33.7	37.1	36.2	37.1	36.8	-0.3	-0.8	0.6	1.7
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	30.1	31.1	30.2	30.2	29.8	30.4	29.9	-0.5	-1.6	0.1	0.3
H	Transportation and storage	35.8	36.8	34.7	35.4	36.0	38.2	36.2	-2.0	-5.2	0.2	0.6
I	Accommodation and food services	26.3	26.1	24.1	25.8	26.9	27.1	26.1	-1.0	-3.7	-0.8	-3.0
J	Information and communication	37.1	37.0	36.5	36.9	37.4	37.6	37.7	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	34.9	34.5	34.3	34.5	34.9	34.7	34.9	0.2	0.6	-	-
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	33.9	34.0	34.0	34.6	34.4	34.6	34.7	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.9
N	Administrative and support services	31.6	31.4	31.2	31.3	31.7	32.3	31.8	-0.5	-1.5	0.1	0.3
O	Public administration and defence	36.8	36.5	36.3	34.7	35.8	35.9	36.3	0.4	1.1	0.5	1.4
P	Education	23.5	23.7	24.8	23.9	24.5	23.9	24.5	0.6	2.5	-	-
Q	Human health and social work	31.3	31.6	31.8	32.7	32.0	32.0	32.4	0.4	1.3	0.4	1.3
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	27.8	27.8	28.8	28.6	27.5	29.2	28.6	-0.6	-2.1	1.1	4.0
All Sectors		32.1	32.3	32.1	32.3	32.4	32.6	32.5	-0.1	-0.3	0.1	0.3
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		32.0	32.3	31.8	32.3	32.3	32.8	32.5	-0.3	-0.9	0.2	0.6
Public sector²		32.5	32.3	32.7	32.2	32.7	31.9	32.6	0.7	2.2	-0.1	-0.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		30.4	31.2	30.5	31.0	30.4	31.5	30.9	-0.6	-1.9	0.5	1.6
50-250 employees		32.4	32.4	32.1	32.3	32.6	32.9	32.3	-0.6	-1.8	-0.3	-0.9
Greater than 250 employees		33.1	33.0	33.0	33.0	33.6	33.2	33.5	0.3	0.9	-0.1	-0.3
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
²Average weekly paid hours by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8c.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2024 Table 3 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by quarter

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by other characteristics and quarter
	Unadjusted Series					Seasonally Adjusted Series
Quarter	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs
Q1 2008	704.60	32.7	21.56	3.51	25.07	707.37	32.8	21.33	3.52	24.83
Q2 2008	705.28	32.8	21.50	3.40	24.90	708.59	32.8	21.54	3.41	25.00
Q3 2008	696.11	32.8	21.20	3.41	24.61	701.52	32.6	21.50	3.50	25.06
Q4 2008	721.89	32.5	22.24	3.60	25.84	710.25	32.4	22.13	3.50	25.54
Q1 2009	709.55	31.6	22.44	3.59	26.03	712.60	32.0	22.20	3.60	25.78
Q2 2009	700.75	31.9	22.00	3.64	25.64	704.06	31.9	22.05	3.65	25.74
Q3 2009	698.47	31.9	21.88	3.49	25.37	702.79	31.8	22.19	3.58	25.83
Q4 2009	721.28	32.1	22.50	3.66	26.16	711.06	31.6	22.40	3.55	25.87
Q1 2010	689.32	31.0	22.21	3.36	25.58	692.07	31.8	21.96	3.36	25.32
Q2 2010	696.90	31.6	22.03	3.30	25.33	699.93	31.6	22.07	3.31	25.42
Q3 2010	700.23	32.2	21.78	3.14	24.91	703.13	31.7	22.09	3.23	25.35
Q4 2010	704.11	31.8	22.14	3.27	25.41	696.76	31.5	22.06	3.16	25.16
Q1 2011	684.87	30.9	22.18	3.13	25.31	686.65	31.5	21.91	3.13	25.04
Q2 2011	687.49	31.4	21.90	3.14	25.04	689.29	31.4	21.93	3.16	25.11
Q3 2011	686.59	31.8	21.57	3.08	24.65	689.26	31.4	21.89	3.18	25.09
Q4 2011	696.84	31.6	22.06	3.29	25.35	692.60	31.6	22.01	3.18	25.13
Q1 2012	698.71	31.4	22.25	3.25	25.50	698.25	31.5	21.95	3.24	25.20
Q2 2012	691.62	31.5	21.96	3.28	25.24	692.24	31.5	21.98	3.30	25.30
Q3 2012	692.13	31.7	21.82	3.31	25.12	696.14	31.4	22.17	3.41	25.59
Q4 2012	691.84	31.6	21.90	3.59	25.49	689.48	31.5	21.87	3.48	25.31
Q1 2013	693.21	31.2	22.24	3.46	25.70	690.65	31.6	21.89	3.45	25.35
Q2 2013	695.65	31.6	22.02	3.32	25.34	694.83	31.6	22.03	3.34	25.39
Q3 2013	682.79	31.7	21.53	3.23	24.77	689.45	31.6	21.90	3.33	25.25
Q4 2013	694.03	31.7	21.89	3.73	25.62	691.84	31.6	21.89	3.63	25.47
Q1 2014	699.67	31.3	22.37	3.41	25.78	695.11	31.7	21.97	3.39	25.38
Q2 2014	694.08	31.8	21.81	3.38	25.19	693.31	31.8	21.82	3.40	25.23
Q3 2014	676.58	31.9	21.20	3.27	24.47	684.91	31.7	21.59	3.36	24.97
Q4 2014	702.07	31.8	22.05	3.51	25.56	699.23	31.7	22.06	3.42	25.44
Q1 2015	701.11	31.4	22.30	3.46	25.76	695.64	31.8	21.85	3.44	25.31
Q2 2015	699.22	32.0	21.86	3.45	25.31	698.82	32.0	21.88	3.46	25.36
Q3 2015	692.79	32.2	21.50	3.35	24.84	702.05	32.1	21.93	3.44	25.36
Q4 2015	711.23	32.5	21.91	3.46	25.37	708.09	32.1	21.92	3.38	25.28
Q1 2016	714.26	31.7	22.55	3.51	26.06	707.89	31.8	22.06	3.50	25.57
Q2 2016	706.33	32.1	21.97	3.48	25.45	706.81	32.1	22.00	3.48	25.50
Q3 2016	702.97	32.6	21.56	3.47	25.04	711.71	32.2	22.02	3.56	25.58
Q4 2016	717.52	32.4	22.18	3.58	25.76	715.14	32.4	22.19	3.51	25.69
Q1 2017	725.12	32.0	22.69	3.53	26.22	718.15	32.3	22.16	3.52	25.69
Q2 2017	720.52	32.4	22.27	3.59	25.86	720.90	32.4	22.31	3.58	25.91
Q3 2017	717.55	32.4	22.16	3.50	25.65	726.11	32.3	22.66	3.59	26.22
Q4 2017	731.86	32.4	22.60	3.70	26.31	730.82	32.2	22.61	3.64	26.26
Q1 2018	744.56	31.8	23.40	3.65	27.05	736.58	32.3	22.83	3.64	26.47
Q2 2018	745.03	32.5	22.94	3.63	26.56	744.65	32.5	22.97	3.61	26.60
Q3 2018	742.71	32.8	22.62	3.50	26.12	752.13	32.5	23.17	3.59	26.73
Q4 2018	755.99	32.4	23.31	3.66	26.97	756.28	32.4	23.32	3.60	26.93
Q1 2019	771.43	32.1	24.05	3.69	27.74	761.74	32.4	23.42	3.68	27.10
Q2 2019	771.39	32.6	23.69	3.81	27.50	770.08	32.6	23.72	3.78	27.53
Q3 2019	769.09	32.7	23.54	3.77	27.31	780.61	32.6	24.17	3.87	28.00
Q4 2019	786.36	32.4	24.23	3.96	28.20	787.23	32.4	24.23	3.90	28.17
Q1 2020	799.96	32.3	24.76	3.86	28.61	787.92	32.3	24.09	3.85	27.92
Q2 2020	817.34	32.2	25.38	2.29	27.67	815.75	32.2	25.40	2.25	27.67
Q3 2020	795.04	32.6	24.38	2.69	27.08	809.36	32.4	25.07	2.81	27.81
Q4 2020	847.54	33.1	25.57	2.52	28.09	847.91	32.7	25.57	2.45	28.07
Q1 2021	860.45	32.1	26.84	2.68	29.52	845.37	32.8	26.09	2.66	28.78
Q2 2021	851.28	32.6	26.08	2.92	29.00	850.58	32.7	26.08	2.88	28.98
Q3 2021	838.62	33.1	25.31	2.58	27.90	855.35	32.5	26.08	2.71	28.69
Q4 2021	864.75	32.9	26.29	3.30	29.59	864.58	32.7	26.28	3.23	29.57
Q1 2022	886.90	32.3	27.46	3.62	31.08	869.23	32.8	26.67	3.60	30.30
Q2 2022	873.08	32.6	26.76	4.23	30.98	873.97	32.7	26.75	4.18	30.93
Q3 2022	868.70	33.1	26.22	4.13	30.35	886.71	32.7	27.04	4.27	31.23
Q4 2022	903.92	32.4	27.89	4.61	32.49	903.55	32.5	27.89	4.53	32.48
Q1 2023	925.44	32.4	28.54	4.60	33.14	905.37	32.6	27.71	4.58	32.31
Q2 2023	911.74	32.3	28.19	4.74	32.93	914.08	32.4	28.16	4.69	32.86
Q3 2023	906.55	32.6	27.83	4.65	32.48	924.99	32.5	28.72	4.80	33.43
Q4 2023	927.50	32.6	28.43	5.02	33.45	928.04	32.5	28.42	4.94	33.43
Q1 2024¹	969.12	32.5	29.82	5.05	34.87	946.55	32.5	28.96	5.03	34.01
¹Preliminary Estimates

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Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	21.87	22.48	23.45	24.06	25.05	26.27	26.47	0.20	0.8	1.42	5.7
F	Construction	20.81	21.89	23.52	23.35	23.97	25.04	25.77	0.73	2.9	1.80	7.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	18.04	18.46	18.95	19.61	20.51	20.98	21.51	0.53	2.5	1.00	4.9
H	Transportation and storage	21.69	21.48	20.74	22.19	22.40	22.34	23.05	0.71	3.2	0.65	2.9
I	Accommodation and food services	12.97	13.41	15.78	14.78	15.31	15.73	16.41	0.68	4.3	1.10	7.2
J	Information and communication	27.93	28.75	30.46	32.35	35.15	36.08	37.29	1.21	3.4	2.14	6.1
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	29.98	30.69	32.32	32.35	34.45	35.11	35.76	0.65	1.9	1.31	3.8
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	25.43	26.68	27.15	29.06	29.55	30.88	30.26	-0.62	-2.0	0.71	2.4
N	Administrative and support services	17.39	18.13	19.62	19.95	20.56	21.82	21.81	-0.01	0.0	1.25	6.1
O	Public administration and defence	24.87	25.36	26.46	27.24	28.70	29.80	29.67	-0.13	-0.4	0.97	3.4
P	Education	35.54	36.24	37.45	38.72	39.48	40.96	40.62	-0.34	-0.8	1.14	2.9
Q	Human health and social work	22.12	22.80	23.72	23.98	25.42	26.50	26.93	0.43	1.6	1.51	5.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.18	18.39	19.47	20.05	20.64	21.47	20.80	-0.67	-3.1	0.16	0.8
All Sectors		22.20	22.87	24.60	25.02	25.99	26.88	27.32	0.44	1.6	1.33	5.1
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		20.39	21.03	22.59	23.20	24.13	24.81	25.35	0.54	2.2	1.22	5.1
Public sector³		28.35	29.28	30.66	30.78	32.19	33.88	33.88	-	-	1.69	5.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		18.75	19.15	20.59	21.10	22.26	23.00	23.29	0.29	1.3	1.03	4.6
50-250 employees		20.40	21.30	22.93	23.12	23.89	24.32	25.26	0.94	3.9	1.37	5.7
Greater than 250 employees		25.07	25.91	27.41	27.65	28.75	29.90	30.17	0.27	0.9	1.42	4.9
¹ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings plus the average hourly irregular earnings in Table 5b equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	2.50	2.61	3.13	3.38	3.95	1.70	4.18	2.48	0.23
F	Construction	0.33	0.28	0.47	0.32	0.51	0.54	0.40	-0.14	-0.11
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	1.61	1.47	1.66	2.09	1.78	1.47	1.85	0.38	0.07
H	Transportation and storage	0.95	0.91	1.05	1.01	1.19	1.02	0.85	-0.17	-0.34
I	Accommodation and food services	0.37	0.38	0.33	0.39	0.47	0.48	0.56	0.08	0.09
J	Information and communication	6.32	7.06	8.66	8.56	9.04	5.99	10.17	4.18	1.13
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	6.76	6.37	6.90	7.71	8.40	2.70	6.82	4.12	-1.58
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1.56	1.68	2.44	2.61	2.22	2.21	2.62	0.41	0.40
N	Administrative and support services	2.20	2.36	2.76	3.58	2.62	1.34	2.45	1.11	-0.17
O	Public administration and defence	1.19	1.18	1.26	1.29	1.38	1.19	1.27	0.08	-0.11
P	Education	0.24	0.23	0.19	0.27	0.31	0.44	0.26	-0.18	-0.05
Q	Human health and social work	1.08	1.34	0.84	0.86	1.29	1.23	1.00	-0.23	-0.29
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	1.16	1.12	1.48	1.71	1.05	0.67	1.87	1.20	0.82
All Sectors		1.85	1.89	2.25	2.44	2.54	1.56	2.49	0.93	-0.05
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		2.04	2.04	2.63	2.87	2.85	1.68	2.86	1.18	0.01
Public sector³		1.20	1.37	1.09	1.09	1.53	1.16	1.28	0.12	-0.25
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.95	0.82	1.03	1.35	1.33	1.14	1.27	0.13	-0.06
50-250 employees		1.97	2.03	2.50	2.53	2.30	1.44	2.54	1.10	0.24
Greater than 250 employees		2.38	2.56	2.86	2.96	3.29	1.83	3.12	1.29	-0.17
¹ Average hourly irregular earnings plus the average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings in Table 5a equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.38	0.35	0.43	0.40	0.51	0.53	0.51	-0.02	-
F	Construction	0.06	0.09	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.64	0.17	-0.47	0.05
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.27	0.28	0.27	0.29	0.34	0.57	0.33	-0.24	-0.01
H	Transportation and storage	0.10	0.07	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.09	0.21	0.12	0.12
I	Accommodation and food services	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.04	0.01	0.03
J	Information and communication	1.03	0.68	1.93	1.95	1.96	5.16	4.13	-1.03	2.17
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.61	0.56	1.04	0.75	0.94	0.78	1.01	0.23	0.07
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	0.23	0.20	0.28	0.24	0.37	0.47	0.62	0.15	0.25
N	Administrative and support services	0.18	0.25	0.56	0.50	0.37	0.36	0.46	0.10	0.09
O	Public administration and defence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-
P	Education	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.04	0.05	0.01	-0.04	-0.03
Q	Human health and social work	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	-0.01	-0.01
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.07	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.25	0.13	-0.12	-0.01
All Sectors		0.21	0.20	0.33	0.31	0.35	0.58	0.50	-0.08	0.15
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.27	0.25	0.43	0.41	0.45	0.75	0.64	-0.11	0.19
Public sector		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.03
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.15	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.21	0.27	0.18	-0.09	-0.03
50-250 employees		0.22	0.27	0.42	0.35	0.34	0.34	0.48	0.14	0.14
Greater than 250 employees		0.25	0.20	0.40	0.38	0.43	0.84	0.67	-0.17	0.24
¹Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) are a sub-component of average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a. BIK is considered an income rather than an other labour cost by Eurostat and in Structure of Earnings Statistics.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	29.54	30.17	31.35	32.80	34.92	33.68	36.92	3.24	9.6	2.00	5.7
F	Construction	23.75	24.98	23.29	26.68	27.85	30.91	29.67	-1.24	-4.0	1.82	6.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	22.74	22.98	21.85	24.66	25.77	26.41	27.34	0.93	3.5	1.57	6.1
H	Transportation and storage	26.38	26.51	22.63	25.40	27.38	27.98	27.99	0.01	0.0	0.61	2.2
I	Accommodation and food services	14.80	15.11	8.11	10.41	17.40	17.99	18.85	0.86	4.8	1.45	8.3
J	Information and communication	41.17	42.67	47.81	49.88	54.23	55.16	60.42	5.26	9.5	6.19	11.4
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	45.12	45.86	48.94	49.44	53.23	47.54	53.37	5.83	12.3	0.14	0.3
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	31.41	33.55	32.71	36.71	37.34	39.79	39.15	-0.64	-1.6	1.81	4.8
N	Administrative and support services	22.32	23.60	24.47	26.64	26.72	26.75	28.04	1.29	4.8	1.32	4.9
O	Public administration and defence	28.52	29.13	30.36	31.38	33.09	34.14	34.02	-0.12	-0.4	0.93	2.8
P	Education	39.36	40.51	41.04	42.95	44.42	46.25	45.59	-0.66	-1.4	1.17	2.6
Q	Human health and social work	25.87	26.97	26.64	27.41	29.77	30.94	31.20	0.26	0.8	1.43	4.8
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	20.78	22.96	20.80	23.11	25.34	25.65	27.18	1.53	6.0	1.84	7.3
All Sectors		27.74	28.61	29.52	31.08	33.14	33.45	34.87	1.42	4.2	1.73	5.2
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		26.21	26.99	27.63	29.69	31.78	31.77	33.52	1.75	5.5	1.74	5.5
Public sector		32.94	34.27	35.22	35.48	37.64	39.17	39.34	0.17	0.4	1.70	4.5
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		22.28	22.72	20.59	24.15	26.82	28.22	28.24	0.02	0.1	1.42	5.3
50-250 employees		25.95	27.19	28.09	28.45	30.54	30.07	32.53	2.46	8.2	1.99	6.5
Greater than 250 employees		31.90	33.06	35.06	35.48	37.46	37.51	39.19	1.68	4.5	1.73	4.6
¹Average hourly total labour costs equal the average hourly earnings in Table 2 plus the average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1
B-E	Industry	223,800	225,200	232,700	232,900	252,100	259,300	269,600	259,400	261,900
F	Construction	94,800	99,000	106,300	112,900	100,700	128,000	127,000	125,400	132,900
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	299,400	295,600	309,100	311,200	308,200	308,700	342,300	348,500	336,500
H	Transportation and storage	70,000	69,600	83,700	82,400	75,500	91,900	87,700	89,800	88,400
I	Accommodation and food services	166,100	181,000	181,200	176,800	102,300	168,900	175,600	190,300	182,300
J	Information and communication	68,700	69,800	73,900	79,700	89,000	107,300	108,800	105,400	109,100
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	93,500	89,800	95,000	102,300	105,300	120,100	117,300	115,300	116,700
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	89,100	92,000	98,500	106,100	104,000	120,800	123,800	139,600	148,300
N	Administrative and support services	88,900	97,900	108,700	109,000	80,100	101,400	110,700	103,500	106,300
O	Public administration and defence	112,900	125,300	134,400	140,800	152,200	167,000	172,100	173,100	175,000
P	Education	146,000	154,100	168,200	179,000	192,900	198,100	197,400	214,300	210,600
Q	Human health and social work	235,800	236,200	249,400	253,300	255,300	286,500	300,300	312,100	306,200
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	52,000	56,200	53,900	54,600	39,700	47,200	52,100	57,000	58,000
All Sectors		1,740,900	1,791,800	1,895,000	1,941,100	1,857,300	2,105,000	2,184,800	2,233,500	2,232,300
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1,351,300	1,394,300	1,491,400	1,528,700	1,440,800	1,681,000	1,748,400	1,785,900	1,781,800
Public sector		389,600	397,500	403,600	412,400	416,500	424,000	436,400	447,600	450,500
¹ It should be noted that the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of estimates of employment.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2024 Table 7a (XLS 12KB)

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Table 7b Job vacancies by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7c Job vacancy rate by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8b Average hourly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8c Average weekly paid hours by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8d Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data¹
		Preliminary Q4 2023			Final Q4 2023			Percentage Change
NACE Principal Activity		Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours
B-E	Industry	1,054.66	27.60	38.2	1,063.98	27.98	38.0	0.9	1.4	-0.5
F	Construction	943.85	25.23	37.2	947.70	25.58	37.1	0.4	1.4	-0.3
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	678.95	22.50	30.3	682.17	22.45	30.4	0.5	-0.2	0.3
H	Transportation and storage	872.25	23.16	37.5	893.14	23.36	38.2	2.4	0.9	1.9
I	Accommodation and food services	437.37	16.63	26.3	438.66	16.20	27.1	0.3	-2.6	3.0
J	Information and communication	1,576.26	42.09	37.5	1,581.02	42.06	37.6	0.3	-0.1	0.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,294.87	37.20	34.8	1,313.57	37.80	34.7	1.4	1.6	-0.3
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,124.74	32.90	34.2	1,144.02	33.09	34.6	1.7	0.6	1.2
N	Administrative and support services	754.55	23.70	31.8	749.22	23.16	32.3	-0.7	-2.3	1.6
O	Public administration and defence	1,113.40	30.96	35.9	1,110.96	30.98	35.9	-0.2	0.1	0.0
P	Education	1,003.07	42.12	23.8	990.83	41.41	23.9	-1.2	-1.7	0.4
Q	Human health and social work	887.60	28.14	31.5	887.91	27.73	32.0	0.0	-1.5	1.6
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	649.00	22.02	29.5	646.98	22.14	29.2	-0.3	0.5	-1.0
Total		921.81	28.43	32.4	927.50	28.43	32.6	0.6	0.0	0.6
Public/Private Sector
Private sector		863.53	26.45	32.6	870.10	26.46	32.8	0.8	0.0	0.6
Public sector		1,112.29	35.08	31.6	1,116.35	35.04	31.9	0.4	-0.1	0.9
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		760.37	24.26	31.4	760.16	24.14	31.5	-0.0	-0.5	0.3
50-250 employees		827.18	25.39	32.6	847.29	25.75	32.9	2.4	1.4	0.9
Greater than 250 employees		1,048.04	31.77	33.0	1,052.26	31.73	33.2	0.4	-0.1	0.6
¹See background notes.

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Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
Civil service	941.94	941.69	974.80	904.93	1,053.48	1,098.20	1,108.51	10.31	0.9	55.03	5.2
Defence	866.82	902.41	970.61	926.77	921.69	945.88	965.97	20.09	2.1	44.28	4.8
Garda Siochana	1,252.81	1,278.24	1,297.70	1,387.93	1,495.70	1,471.40	1,569.22	97.82	6.6	73.52	4.9
Education	974.73	993.57	1,078.10	1,047.13	1,126.43	1,117.45	1,128.21	10.76	1.0	1.78	0.2
Regional bodies	849.17	862.90	897.42	888.03	948.50	999.37	969.42	-29.95	-3.0	20.92	2.2
Health	914.90	978.66	1,007.99	1,018.31	1,089.27	1,107.86	1,169.44	61.58	5.6	80.17	7.4
Semi-state	1,046.79	1,063.73	1,097.29	1,103.79	1,168.48	1,169.15	1,229.07	59.92	5.1	60.59	5.2
Total public sector	960.16	989.94	1,038.28	1,024.72	1,103.55	1,116.35	1,147.50	31.15	2.8	43.95	4.0
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	946.59	978.49	1,029.56	1,012.94	1,093.94	1,108.72	1,135.59	26.87	2.4	41.65	3.8
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	993.66	1,031.78	1,089.89	1,120.38	1,125.44	1,147.01	1,173.62	26.61	2.3	48.18	4.3
Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,068.65	1,077.01	1,100.90	1,096.50	1,189.38	1,180.12	1,256.91	76.79	6.5	67.53	5.7

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2023	2024	Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Annual change
									%
Civil service	42,300	44,400	45,100	43,300	45,400	46,700	47,800	2,400	5.3
Defence	9,300	9,000	9,000	8,800	9,400	9,900	9,900	500	5.3
Garda Siochana	14,300	14,600	14,500	14,500	14,300	14,400	14,300	- 0	0.0
Education	113,900	114,300	111,700	111,800	112,600	112,700	113,200	600	0.5
Regional bodies	34,500	35,100	34,800	35,100	35,700	37,300	37,500	1,800	5.0
Health	133,800	138,100	144,600	153,900	158,900	163,600	164,900	6,000	3.8
Semi-state	55,400	56,900	56,800	56,600	60,100	63,000	62,900	2,800	4.7
Total public sector	403,600	412,400	416,500	424,000	436,400	447,600	450,500	14,100	3.2
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	348,200	355,500	359,700	367,400	376,300	384,600	387,600	11,300	3.0
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	14,200	14,900	15,600	17,300	16,400	16,600	16,800	400	2.4
Commercial Semi-state bodies	41,300	42,000	41,200	39,300	43,700	46,400	46,200	2,500	5.7
¹ Source: Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey. Public Sector employment includes all those who received a payment which would include both full-time and part-time employees as well as contract workers. Total public sector numbers are also published by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform on a quarterly basis. Those differ in coverage from the estimates in the above table as Department of Public Expenditure and Reform estimates are based on full-time equivalents which will change over time based on both changes in working hours and number of persons employed.

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories¹
	2021	2022	2023	2023	Quarterly change	Annual change
Occupation by NACE groups	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change	Annual change
	€	€	€	€	%	%
Managers, professionals and associated professionals
B-E	1,648.95	1,696.79	1,734.99	1,725.29	-0.6	1.7
B-N, R-S	1,493.66	1,569.75	1,579.73	1,612.91	2.1	2.7
O-Q	1,295.09	1,362.99	1,438.97	1,424.38	-1.0	4.5
Total (B-S)	1,376.51	1,447.31	1,491.23	1,497.27	0.4	3.5
Clerical, sales and service employees
B-E	944.37	972.58	983.93	998.22	1.5	2.6
B-N, R-S	633.32	641.35	667.71	679.71	1.8	6.0
O-Q	630.68	664.15	699.46	692.67	-1.0	4.3
Total (B-S)	621.16	638.08	667.45	673.63	0.9	5.6
Production, transport, craft and other manual workers
B-E	825.23	841.19	868.57	882.00	1.5	4.9
B-N, R-S	691.59	706.18	725.05	738.98	1.9	4.6
O-Q	532.16	586.47	657.45	649.96	-1.1	10.8
Total (B-S)	647.40	669.17	697.08	707.04	1.4	5.7
¹ These estimates have been generated using a sub sample of EHECS respondents therefore caution is advised when interpreting these results. See background notes.

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter¹
		Employer Response Rate %				Respondent Enterprises	Respondent Enterprises	Employee Response Rate %
NACE Principal Activity		Final Q4 2022	Preliminary Q4 2023	Final Q4 2023	Preliminary Q1 2024	Final Q4 2023	Preliminary Q1 2024	Final Q4 2022	Preliminary Q4 2023	Final Q4 2023	Preliminary Q1 2024
B-E	Industry	56.9	49.0	63.4	54.0	673	583	72.9	65.1	77.4	67.1
F	Construction	43.7	36.4	44.4	34.8	154	126	56.9	44.7	55.9	43.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	48.0	42.3	49.0	43.4	588	529	70.8	55.3	68.0	63.3
H	Transportation and storage	42.7	38.8	50.4	44.2	125	111	77.7	64.3	80.5	59.9
I	Accommodation and food services	48.0	39.2	48.0	45.2	422	410	64.4	51.7	62.5	59.9
J	Information and communication	63.4	50.3	67.0	53.6	308	248	79.9	69.8	82.5	70.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	62.0	54.2	68.3	56.5	258	218	86.6	68.3	87.3	71.2
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	55.7	43.4	56.9	48.3	291	254	77.0	58.7	68.7	61.5
N	Administrative and support services	50.0	41.5	51.1	41.1	265	229	67.9	52.8	64.6	55.3
O	Public administration and defence	91.4	85.3	91.2	83.3	124	115	95.9	95.2	96.2	94.5
P	Education	62.6	55.4	67.4	59.0	130	115	92.6	86.8	92.0	87.9
Q	Human health and social work	64.3	45.8	61.3	54.0	479	430	74.5	56.3	72.8	63.2
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	57.0	49.6	65.1	54.8	183	177	69.9	57.6	67.3	62.3
Total		54.7	45.6	57.2	49.2	4,000	3,545	78.1	66.6	77.5	69.7
¹This table presents the response rates achieved by sector. Greater caution should be taken in the interpretation of estimates for sectors with lower response rates as these sectors could be subject to greater revisions if response levels are increased for final estimates.

Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2023 (Final) Q1 2024 (Preliminary Estimates)