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Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2022 (Final) Q4 2022 (Preliminary Estimates)

Average weekly earnings up 4.2% in the 12 months to Q4 2022

Online ISSN: 2009-5023

CSO statistical publication, 28 February 2023, 11am

Please note: The Building Momentum Public Service Agreement 2021-2022 was implemented in October 2022 and introduced an increase in the annualised basic salaries for public servants of 3%, which was backdated to 02 February 2022. Payments to public servants in Q4 2022 may have included backdated pay in relation to this Agreement, which impacts the annual percentage change of average weekly earnings across all sectors.

Key Findings

Average weekly earnings were €900.26 in Q4 2022, an increase of 4.2% from €863.70 in Q4 2021.
Average hourly earnings rose by 5.5% to €27.72 from €26.27 in Q4 2021.
Average weekly paid hours were 32.5 in Q4 2022, down by 1.2% from the Q4 2021 value of 32.9.
The job vacancy rate at the end of Q4 2022 was 1.3%, slightly down from 1.4% at the end of Q4 2021 and down from 1.6% at the end of Q3 2022.
Average hourly other labour costs grew by 38.4% to €4.54 from €3.28 in Q4 2021.
The highest averages for hourly total labour costs were €50.69 in Information & Communication and €47.36 in Education.
The lowest averages for hourly total labour costs were €16.95 in Accommodation & Food Services and €23.44 in Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Services.
The Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector had the highest job vacancy rate at 3.1% in Q4 2022, followed by 2.6% in the Financial, Insurance & Real Estate Activities.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (28 February 2023) issued Earnings and Labour costs results with Preliminary estimates for Q4 2022 and Final estimates for Q3 2022.

Commenting on the data, Louise Egan, Statistician in the Earnings Analysis Division, said: “Preliminary estimates for Q4 2022 show average weekly earnings were €900.26, up 4.2% compared with €863.70 in Q4 2021.

Earnings and hours

The largest annual percentage increase in Q4 2022 in average weekly earnings was 10.5% in the Public Administration & Defence sector.

The Building Momentum Public Service Agreement 2021-2022 was implemented in October 2022 and introduced an increase in the annualised basic salaries for public servants of 3%, which was backdated to 02 February 2022. Payments to public servants in Q4 2022 may have included backdated pay in relation to this Agreement.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 5.5% to €27.72 while average weekly paid hours decreased by 1.2% to 32.5 in the year from Q4 2021 to Q4 2022. Over the three years from Q4 2019 to Q4 2022, average hourly earnings rose by 14.4% from €24.23 to €27.72, while average paid hours remained the same at 32.5 hours.

Labour costs

Average hourly other labour costs increased by 38.4% across all economic sectors to €4.54 from €3.28 in Q4 2021. A significant factor in this growth was the ending of the Employment Wage Subsidy Scheme (EWSS) on 31 May 2022. EWSS payments to enterprises were recorded as subsidies and refunds received and were deducted from other labour costs during the period Q1 2020 to Q2 2022.

In the three years to Q4 2022, average hourly total labour costs increased by 14.4%. The percentage changes across the sectors in the period Q4 2019 to Q4 2022 ranged from 0.8% in Transportation & Storage to 25.3% in Information & Communication.

Job Vacancy Rate

The job vacancy rate in Q4 2022, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was 1.3%, down from 1.6% at the end of Q3 2022 and up from 0.9% at the end of Q4 2019."

Preliminary Estimates Q4 2022

Headline Table: Earnings, Hours and Labour Costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
	Average Weekly Earnings	Average Hourly Earnings	Average Hourly Total Labour Costs	Average Weekly Paid Hours
	€	€	€	Hours
	Unadjusted
Q4 2021	863.70	26.27	29.55	32.9
Q4 2022	900.26	27.72	32.26	32.5
Annual % change	4.2	5.5	9.2	-1.2
	Seasonally Adjusted
Q3 2022	885.31	27.08	31.40	32.8
Q4 2022	897.41	27.66	32.21	32.5
Quarterly % change	1.4	2.1	2.6	-0.9

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2022 HLT (XLS 34KB)

Editor's Note: While there is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the public/private sector wage gap, the CSO has published analysis of the differential using a matched Labour Force Survey and P35 dataset for 2015-2018. This analysis took account of compositional differences between the public and private sector, such as occupational mix, sectors of activity, gender balance, union membership, etc. The public sector pay gap in 2018 was estimated to range from -3.8% to +0.1% depending on the specification applied and the treatment of the Pension Levy.

See most recent analysis for 2015-2018 here. See also previous versions for 2009-2010 here (PDF 678KB) and for 2011-2014 here (PDF 686KB)

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings were €900.26 in Q4 2022, an increase of 4.2% compared with €863.70 from one year earlier, according to preliminary estimates of the Earnings and Labour Costs quarterly release.

The largest annual percentage increase in Q4 2022 in average weekly earnings was 10.5% in the Public Administration & Defence sector, with a rise from €1,011.61 to €1,117.40. The second largest increase was 9.8% in the Information & Communication sector which rose from €1,376.70 to €1,512.16 over the year.

In the five years to Q4 2022, average weekly earnings rose by 23.0%. All sectors saw increases to average weekly earnings over this period.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 5.5% to €27.72 in Q4 2022, while average weekly paid hours decreased from 32.9 in Q4 2021 to 32.5 in Q4 2022. Over the three years from Q4 2019 to Q4 2022, average hourly earnings rose by 14.4% from €24.23 to €27.72, while average paid hours remained the same at 32.5 hours.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	35.8585495579674
Admin & support service	28.5779514903565
Construction	25.1918362996909
Health & social	23.4384328888636
All sectors	23.0098652747793
Arts & entertainment	21.937226491342
Financial & real estate	20.448117503811
Education	19.1820338296123
Public admin & defence	18.4627617280679
Professional & technical	18.3559701085474
Accommodation & food	17.8831063927994
Industry	14.2721174764322
Wholesale & retail	11.8509751453713
Transportation	10.3842757879381

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q415	21.91	21.92
Q116	22.55	22.04
Q216	21.97	22
Q316	21.56	22.04
Q416	22.18	22.18
Q117	22.69	22.16
Q217	22.27	22.3
Q317	22.16	22.66
Q417	22.6	22.63
Q118	23.4	22.81
Q218	22.94	22.96
Q318	22.62	23.18
Q418	23.33	23.39
Q119	24.05	23.39
Q219	23.69	23.69
Q319	23.53	24.16
Q419	24.23	24.32
Q120	24.76	23.99
Q220	25.39	25.39
Q320	24.38	25.12
Q420	25.56	25.62
Q121	26.83	26.01
Q221	26.07	26.09
Q321	25.29	26.12
Q421	26.27	26.27
Q122	27.42	26.52
Q222	26.72	26.77
Q322	26.19	27.08
Q422	27.72	27.66

	Q4 2021	Q4 2022
Industry	25.52	26.67
Construction	23.75	24.9
Wholesale & retail	21.2	21.47
Transportation	22.48	23.78
Accommodation & food	14.94	15.33
Information & communication	37.25	40.57
Financial & real estate	35.17	36.21
Professional & technical	30.83	31.43
Admin & support service	21.24	21.97
Public admin & defence	28.19	31.89
Education	38.65	42.29
Health & social	24.8	27.32
Arts & entertainment	20.6	20.35
All sectors	26.27	27.72

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q415	32.5	32.1
Q116	31.7	31.9
Q216	32.1	32
Q316	32.6	32.2
Q416	32.4	32.4
Q117	32	32.4
Q217	32.4	32.4
Q317	32.4	32.3
Q417	32.4	32.3
Q118	31.8	32.3
Q218	32.5	32.5
Q318	32.8	32.5
Q418	32.5	32.5
Q119	32.1	32.4
Q219	32.6	32.6
Q319	32.7	32.6
Q419	32.5	32.5
Q120	32.3	32.4
Q220	32.2	32.3
Q320	32.6	32.4
Q420	33.1	32.7
Q121	32.1	32.7
Q221	32.6	32.7
Q321	33.1	32.6
Q421	32.9	32.7
Q122	32.3	32.8
Q222	32.6	32.7
Q322	33.1	32.8
Q422	32.5	32.5

Total Labour Costs

Average hourly total labour costs were €32.26 across all economic sectors in Q4 2022.

Information & Communication had the highest average for hourly total labour costs at €50.69, followed by €47.36 in the Education sector. The sectors with the lowest cost of employing labour were Accommodation & Food Services Activities at €16.95 and Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities at €23.44.

Average hourly total labour costs increased by 22.6% over the five years to Q4 2022, from €26.31 per hour to €32.26. The percentage changes across the sectors ranged from 10.2% in Transportation & Storage to 33.1% in Information & Communication.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	33.0795484379102
Public admin & defence	25.9712230215827
Admin & support service	25.9351620947631
All sectors	22.6149752945648
Education	21.967550862735
Construction	21.8197498921949
Health & social	21.779018747507
Accommodation & food	18.6144156752974
Arts & entertainment	18.2047402924862
Financial & real estate	18.0770238407126
Professional & technical	17.1790808240887
Industry	16.5173772841276
Wholesale & retail	13.1006346328196
Transportation	10.170838299563

Public Sector

Average weekly earnings grew by 10.8% across the public sector in the year to Q4 2022, rising from €1,023.36 to €1,133.47. A Garda Síochána had the highest average weekly earnings in Q4 2022 in the public sector at €1,512.46. The highest average hourly earnings in this period were €48.24 in Education.

FALSE

	Q4 2021	Q4 2022
Civil service	1003.67	1096.85
Defence	946.03	960.95
Garda Siochana	1319.62	1512.46
Education	1045.56	1171.46
Regional bodies	881.73	999.92
Health	999.14	1104.76
Semi-state	1064.72	1165.04
All sectors	1023.36	1133.47

	Q4 2021	Q4 2022
Civil service	44800	44100
Defence	8900	9100
Garda Siochana	14600	14200
Education	113300	109000
Regional bodies	35300	35700
Health	152300	172100
Semi-state	57000	59400

Job Vacancies

The job vacancy rate in Q4 2022, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was slightly down at 1.3% from 1.4% in Q4 2021. It was also down from 1.6% recorded at the end of Q3 2022.

The highest job vacancy rates in Q4 2022 were 3.1% in Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities and 2.6% in Financial, Insurance & Real Estate Activities.

There were 27,600 job vacancies, (rounded to the nearest 100), at the end of Q4 2022, down by 1,800 from the end of Q4 2021.

X-axis label	Job Vacancy Rate
Q415	0.9
Q116	1
Q216	0.9
Q316	1
Q416	0.9
Q117	1
Q217	1.1
Q317	1.1
Q417	1
Q118	1
Q218	1.2
Q318	1
Q418	0.9
Q119	1
Q219	1.1
Q319	0.9
Q419	0.9
Q120	0.8
Q220	0.7
Q320	0.8
Q420	0.9
Q121	1
Q221	1.2
Q321	1.5
Q421	1.4
Q122	1.6
Q222	1.6
Q322	1.6
Q422	1.3

Tables

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	882.56	899.52	915.00	969.80	981.28	970.62	1,008.52	37.90	3.9	27.24	2.8
F	Construction	750.64	800.50	841.01	888.54	916.08	920.83	939.74	18.91	2.1	23.66	2.6
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	582.99	594.03	602.86	635.24	659.06	645.48	652.08	6.60	1.0	-6.98	-1.1
H	Transportation and storage	781.47	844.46	827.71	799.32	808.07	850.90	862.62	11.72	1.4	54.55	6.8
I	Accommodation and food services	346.64	354.96	379.14	391.21	391.15	421.93	408.63	-13.30	-3.2	17.48	4.5
J	Information and communication	1,113.04	1,168.50	1,240.01	1,308.68	1,376.70	1,493.83	1,512.16	18.33	1.2	135.46	9.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,043.03	1,102.87	1,130.07	1,182.44	1,226.54	1,211.93	1,256.31	44.38	3.7	29.77	2.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	916.65	924.87	974.01	1,039.96	1,087.90	1,034.48	1,084.91	50.43	4.9	-2.99	-0.3
N	Administrative and support services	547.52	597.85	625.61	654.70	686.20	685.32	703.99	18.67	2.7	17.79	2.6
O	Public administration and defence	943.25	953.00	976.49	1,010.73	1,011.61	1,020.17	1,117.40	97.23	9.5	105.79	10.5
P	Education	838.91	855.30	881.35	906.26	927.10	947.24	999.83	52.59	5.6	72.73	7.8
Q	Human health and social work	703.46	723.39	750.94	787.82	806.35	826.43	868.34	41.91	5.1	61.99	7.7
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	477.59	496.83	522.72	556.47	592.75	563.11	582.36	19.25	3.4	-10.39	-1.8
All Sectors		731.86	757.21	786.33	847.21	863.70	867.63	900.26	32.63	3.8	36.56	4.2
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		672.47	698.61	726.32	792.63	814.56	811.49	830.57	19.08	2.4	16.01	2.0
Public sector²		944.64	961.67	991.07	1,021.22	1,023.36	1,058.98	1,133.47	74.49	7.0	110.11	10.8
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		577.21	607.55	631.39	679.30	702.96	688.26	700.69	12.43	1.8	-2.27	-0.3
50-250 employees		678.29	700.08	731.81	809.68	815.70	807.14	831.39	24.25	3.0	15.69	1.9
Greater than 250 employees		864.40	881.78	913.03	965.61	977.79	999.94	1,043.64	43.70	4.4	65.85	6.7
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8a.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2022 Table 1 (XLS 37KB)

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Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	22.86	23.30	23.98	24.73	25.52	25.37	26.67	1.30	5.1	1.15	4.5
F	Construction	20.67	21.55	22.74	23.27	23.75	24.15	24.90	0.75	3.1	1.15	4.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	18.68	19.13	19.80	20.38	21.20	20.51	21.47	0.96	4.7	0.27	1.3
H	Transportation and storage	21.45	23.34	23.66	22.01	22.48	22.99	23.78	0.79	3.4	1.30	5.8
I	Accommodation and food services	12.90	13.09	13.67	15.66	14.94	14.93	15.33	0.40	2.7	0.39	2.6
J	Information and communication	30.51	32.31	33.64	35.35	37.25	40.05	40.57	0.52	1.3	3.32	8.9
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	30.03	31.54	32.46	33.87	35.17	34.55	36.21	1.66	4.8	1.04	3.0
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	27.09	27.19	28.26	29.65	30.83	30.10	31.43	1.33	4.4	0.60	1.9
N	Administrative and support services	17.41	18.62	19.27	20.44	21.24	21.38	21.97	0.59	2.8	0.73	3.4
O	Public administration and defence	25.55	25.98	26.56	27.05	28.19	28.28	31.89	3.61	12.8	3.70	13.1
P	Education	35.12	35.97	36.91	37.46	38.65	39.52	42.29	2.77	7.0	3.64	9.4
Q	Human health and social work	22.53	23.09	23.69	24.37	24.80	25.45	27.32	1.87	7.3	2.52	10.2
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.11	17.69	18.85	19.53	20.60	19.33	20.35	1.02	5.3	-0.25	-1.2
All Sectors		22.60	23.33	24.23	25.56	26.27	26.19	27.72	1.53	5.8	1.45	5.5
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		20.83	21.54	22.40	23.82	24.58	24.43	25.48	1.05	4.3	0.90	3.7
Public sector²		28.89	29.57	30.43	31.21	31.94	32.24	35.33	3.09	9.6	3.39	10.6
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.01	19.71	20.37	21.40	22.20	21.78	22.78	1.00	4.6	0.58	2.6
50-250 employees		20.54	21.27	22.35	24.14	24.38	23.94	25.20	1.26	5.3	0.82	3.4
Greater than 250 employees		25.75	26.39	27.38	28.49	29.28	29.53	31.32	1.79	6.1	2.04	7.0
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
²Average hourly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8b.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2022 Table 2 (XLS 37KB)

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Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change		Annual change
		hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	%	hours	%
B-E	Industry	38.6	38.6	38.2	39.2	38.5	38.3	37.8	-0.5	-1.3	-0.7	-1.8
F	Construction	36.3	37.1	37.0	38.2	38.6	38.1	37.7	-0.4	-1.0	-0.9	-2.3
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	31.2	31.1	30.4	31.2	31.1	31.5	30.4	-1.1	-3.5	-0.7	-2.3
H	Transportation and storage	36.4	36.2	35.0	36.3	35.9	37.0	36.3	-0.7	-1.9	0.4	1.1
I	Accommodation and food services	26.9	27.1	27.7	25.0	26.2	28.3	26.7	-1.6	-5.7	0.5	1.9
J	Information and communication	36.5	36.2	36.9	37.0	37.0	37.3	37.3	-	-	0.3	0.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	34.7	35.0	34.8	34.9	34.9	35.1	34.7	-0.4	-1.1	-0.2	-0.6
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	33.8	34.0	34.5	35.1	35.3	34.4	34.5	0.1	0.3	-0.8	-2.3
N	Administrative and support services	31.5	32.1	32.5	32.0	32.3	32.1	32.0	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.9
O	Public administration and defence	36.9	36.7	36.8	37.4	35.9	36.1	35.0	-1.1	-3.0	-0.9	-2.5
P	Education	23.9	23.8	23.9	24.2	24.0	24.0	23.6	-0.4	-1.7	-0.4	-1.7
Q	Human health and social work	31.2	31.3	31.7	32.3	32.5	32.5	31.8	-0.7	-2.2	-0.7	-2.2
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	27.9	28.1	27.7	28.5	28.8	29.1	28.6	-0.5	-1.7	-0.2	-0.7
All Sectors		32.4	32.5	32.5	33.1	32.9	33.1	32.5	-0.6	-1.8	-0.4	-1.2
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		32.3	32.4	32.4	33.3	33.1	33.2	32.6	-0.6	-1.8	-0.5	-1.5
Public sector²		32.7	32.5	32.6	32.7	32.0	32.8	32.1	-0.7	-2.1	0.1	0.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		30.4	30.8	31.0	31.7	31.7	31.6	30.8	-0.8	-2.5	-0.9	-2.8
50-250 employees		33.0	32.9	32.7	33.5	33.5	33.7	33.0	-0.7	-2.1	-0.5	-1.5
Greater than 250 employees		33.6	33.4	33.3	33.9	33.4	33.9	33.3	-0.6	-1.8	-0.1	-0.3
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly paid hours by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8c.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2022 Table 3 (XLS 37KB)

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Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by quarter

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by other characteristics and quarter
	Unadjusted Series					Seasonally Adjusted Series
Quarter	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs
Q108	704.60	32.7	21.56	3.51	25.07	708.51	32.9	21.36	3.52	24.81
Q208	705.28	32.8	21.50	3.40	24.90	708.71	32.8	21.58	3.41	25.01
Q308	696.11	32.8	21.20	3.41	24.61	701.03	32.6	21.58	3.49	25.08
Q408	721.89	32.5	22.24	3.60	25.84	709.41	32.4	21.99	3.50	25.51
Q109	709.55	31.6	22.44	3.59	26.03	713.89	32.0	22.24	3.60	25.77
Q209	700.75	31.9	22.00	3.64	25.64	704.19	31.9	22.09	3.65	25.75
Q309	698.47	31.9	21.88	3.49	25.37	702.28	31.7	22.24	3.58	25.83
Q409	721.28	32.1	22.50	3.66	26.16	709.77	31.7	22.28	3.55	25.85
Q110	689.32	31.0	22.21	3.36	25.58	694.09	31.7	22.02	3.37	25.34
Q210	696.90	31.6	22.03	3.30	25.33	699.69	31.6	22.09	3.32	25.43
Q310	700.23	32.2	21.78	3.14	24.91	702.64	31.7	22.10	3.23	25.33
Q410	704.11	31.8	22.14	3.27	25.41	695.23	31.5	21.98	3.16	25.16
Q111	684.87	30.9	22.18	3.13	25.31	689.04	31.5	21.96	3.13	25.06
Q211	687.49	31.4	21.90	3.14	25.04	688.93	31.4	21.93	3.16	25.11
Q311	686.59	31.8	21.57	3.08	24.65	688.87	31.5	21.88	3.17	25.07
Q411	696.84	31.6	22.06	3.29	25.35	690.75	31.6	21.98	3.17	25.14
Q112	698.71	31.4	22.25	3.25	25.50	701.02	31.5	21.98	3.25	25.21
Q212	691.62	31.5	21.96	3.28	25.24	691.61	31.5	21.97	3.31	25.29
Q312	692.13	31.7	21.82	3.31	25.12	695.88	31.5	22.15	3.40	25.57
Q412	691.84	31.6	21.90	3.59	25.49	688.09	31.5	21.88	3.48	25.32
Q113	693.21	31.2	22.24	3.46	25.70	692.48	31.6	21.90	3.45	25.36
Q213	695.65	31.6	22.02	3.32	25.34	694.59	31.5	22.01	3.35	25.37
Q313	682.79	31.7	21.53	3.23	24.77	689.30	31.6	21.91	3.32	25.27
Q413	694.03	31.7	21.89	3.73	25.62	690.82	31.6	21.90	3.63	25.47
Q114	699.67	31.3	22.37	3.41	25.78	696.19	31.7	21.96	3.40	25.37
Q214	694.08	31.8	21.81	3.38	25.19	693.27	31.8	21.81	3.40	25.23
Q314	676.58	31.9	21.20	3.27	24.47	684.91	31.7	21.63	3.35	24.99
Q414	702.07	31.8	22.05	3.51	25.56	698.60	31.7	22.06	3.42	25.43
Q115	701.11	31.4	22.30	3.46	25.76	696.01	31.8	21.84	3.45	25.30
Q215	699.22	32.0	21.86	3.45	25.31	699.03	32.0	21.88	3.46	25.35
Q315	692.79	32.2	21.50	3.35	24.84	702.05	32.0	21.96	3.43	25.37
Q415	711.23	32.5	21.91	3.46	25.37	707.68	32.1	21.92	3.38	25.29
Q116	714.26	31.7	22.55	3.51	26.06	708.06	31.9	22.04	3.50	25.55
Q216	706.33	32.1	21.97	3.48	25.45	706.95	32.0	22.00	3.48	25.51
Q316	702.97	32.6	21.56	3.47	25.04	711.79	32.2	22.04	3.55	25.57
Q416	717.52	32.4	22.18	3.58	25.76	714.86	32.4	22.18	3.51	25.69
Q117	725.12	32.0	22.69	3.53	26.22	718.22	32.4	22.16	3.53	25.69
Q217	720.52	32.4	22.27	3.59	25.86	720.99	32.4	22.30	3.58	25.91
Q317	717.55	32.4	22.16	3.50	25.65	726.20	32.3	22.66	3.57	26.20
Q417	731.86	32.4	22.60	3.70	26.31	730.66	32.3	22.63	3.63	26.26
Q118	744.76	31.8	23.40	3.65	27.06	736.74	32.3	22.81	3.66	26.49
Q218	745.09	32.5	22.94	3.63	26.57	744.75	32.5	22.96	3.62	26.62
Q318	742.75	32.8	22.62	3.50	26.12	752.35	32.5	23.18	3.56	26.73
Q418	757.21	32.5	23.33	3.67	27.00	757.35	32.5	23.39	3.60	26.95
Q119	771.60	32.1	24.05	3.69	27.74	761.84	32.4	23.39	3.71	27.12
Q219	771.63	32.6	23.69	3.81	27.51	770.36	32.6	23.69	3.79	27.54
Q319	769.14	32.7	23.53	3.77	27.31	780.80	32.6	24.16	3.83	28.01
Q419	786.33	32.5	24.23	3.96	28.19	787.13	32.5	24.32	3.89	28.15
Q120	800.31	32.3	24.76	3.86	28.62	788.16	32.4	23.99	3.90	27.91
Q220	817.55	32.2	25.39	2.29	27.68	816.14	32.3	25.39	2.26	27.67
Q320	794.89	32.6	24.38	2.69	27.07	809.14	32.4	25.12	2.74	27.86
Q420	847.21	33.1	25.56	2.51	28.07	847.37	32.7	25.62	2.44	28.04
Q121	860.19	32.1	26.83	2.67	29.51	846.32	32.7	26.01	2.73	28.75
Q221	850.81	32.6	26.07	2.91	28.98	850.51	32.7	26.09	2.88	28.92
Q321	837.61	33.1	25.29	2.57	27.86	854.13	32.6	26.12	2.62	28.78
Q421	863.70	32.9	26.27	3.28	29.55	862.36	32.7	26.27	3.22	29.52
Q122	885.33	32.3	27.42	3.60	31.02	868.99	32.8	26.52	3.66	30.15
Q222	871.93	32.6	26.72	4.22	30.94	873.18	32.7	26.77	4.18	30.82
Q322	867.63	33.1	26.19	4.12	30.31	885.31	32.8	27.08	4.17	31.40
Q422¹	900.26	32.5	27.72	4.54	32.26	897.41	32.5	27.66	4.48	32.21
¹Preliminary Estimates

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Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	21.40	21.85	22.53	23.24	23.90	24.25	25.07	0.82	3.4	1.17	4.9
F	Construction	20.19	20.82	22.05	22.40	22.86	23.88	24.23	0.35	1.5	1.37	6.0
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	17.44	17.84	18.31	18.84	19.47	19.51	20.09	0.58	3.0	0.62	3.2
H	Transportation and storage	20.15	21.79	22.42	20.84	20.91	21.75	21.77	0.02	0.1	0.86	4.1
I	Accommodation and food services	12.54	12.80	13.37	15.17	14.63	14.65	15.03	0.38	2.6	0.40	2.7
J	Information and communication	26.89	27.88	29.02	30.49	31.43	33.31	34.74	1.43	4.3	3.31	10.5
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	28.49	29.40	30.77	32.04	32.47	33.12	34.39	1.27	3.8	1.92	5.9
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	24.98	25.26	26.31	26.63	28.40	28.44	29.16	0.72	2.5	0.76	2.7
N	Administrative and support services	16.49	17.34	18.00	19.06	19.73	20.12	20.58	0.46	2.3	0.85	4.3
O	Public administration and defence	24.51	24.89	25.46	25.83	27.06	27.21	29.77	2.56	9.4	2.71	10.0
P	Education	34.60	35.51	36.38	36.95	38.25	38.63	39.47	0.84	2.2	1.22	3.2
Q	Human health and social work	21.54	22.06	22.57	23.42	23.87	24.46	25.29	0.83	3.4	1.42	5.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	16.30	16.90	17.97	18.90	19.83	19.00	19.82	0.82	4.3	-0.01	-0.1
All Sectors		21.40	22.02	22.90	24.07	24.66	24.90	25.84	0.94	3.8	1.18	4.8
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		19.61	20.20	21.03	22.21	22.80	23.14	23.90	0.76	3.3	1.10	4.8
Public sector³		27.75	28.39	29.26	30.07	30.91	30.96	32.45	1.49	4.8	1.54	5.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		18.23	18.73	19.46	20.32	20.75	21.11	21.79	0.68	3.2	1.04	5.0
50-250 employees		19.40	20.10	20.99	22.64	22.86	22.98	23.83	0.85	3.7	0.97	4.2
Greater than 250 employees		24.25	24.83	25.80	26.75	27.55	27.76	28.78	1.02	3.7	1.23	4.5
¹ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings plus the average hourly irregular earnings in Table 5b equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	1.46	1.45	1.45	1.49	1.62	1.12	1.59	0.47	-0.03
F	Construction	0.48	0.73	0.69	0.87	0.89	0.28	0.67	0.39	-0.22
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	1.23	1.29	1.49	1.53	1.73	1.00	1.38	0.38	-0.35
H	Transportation and storage	1.30	1.55	1.23	1.18	1.57	1.24	2.01	0.77	0.44
I	Accommodation and food services	0.36	0.29	0.31	0.49	0.31	0.28	0.31	0.03	-
J	Information and communication	3.61	4.43	4.62	4.87	5.81	6.74	5.83	-0.91	0.02
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1.54	2.15	1.69	1.83	2.70	1.43	1.82	0.39	-0.88
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	2.11	1.93	1.95	3.02	2.43	1.66	2.27	0.61	-0.16
N	Administrative and support services	0.92	1.28	1.27	1.38	1.51	1.26	1.39	0.13	-0.12
O	Public administration and defence	1.04	1.09	1.09	1.21	1.14	1.07	2.12	1.05	0.98
P	Education	0.52	0.46	0.53	0.51	0.40	0.88	2.82	1.94	2.42
Q	Human health and social work	0.98	1.03	1.11	0.95	0.93	0.99	2.03	1.04	1.10
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.80	0.79	0.88	0.63	0.76	0.34	0.53	0.19	-0.23
All Sectors		1.20	1.31	1.33	1.49	1.61	1.29	1.88	0.59	0.27
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1.22	1.34	1.37	1.60	1.78	1.30	1.58	0.28	-0.20
Public sector³		1.14	1.19	1.17	1.14	1.03	1.28	2.88	1.60	1.85
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.78	0.98	0.92	1.08	1.45	0.67	0.99	0.32	-0.46
50-250 employees		1.14	1.17	1.36	1.50	1.52	0.96	1.37	0.41	-0.15
Greater than 250 employees		1.50	1.56	1.58	1.74	1.73	1.77	2.55	0.78	0.82
¹ Average hourly irregular earnings plus the average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings in Table 5a equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	5.05	4.95	5.77	4.24	5.02	5.02	5.85	0.83	16.5	0.83	16.5
F	Construction	2.52	2.67	2.97	-0.42	1.93	3.20	3.35	0.15	4.7	1.42	73.6
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	3.39	3.19	3.32	1.58	2.58	3.08	3.48	0.40	13.0	0.90	34.9
H	Transportation and storage	3.72	3.87	3.85	0.32	0.99	3.75	3.95	0.20	5.3	2.96	299.0
I	Accommodation and food services	1.39	1.40	1.46	-8.27	-6.44	1.51	1.61	0.10	6.6	8.05	125.0
J	Information and communication	7.59	7.12	6.81	9.33	12.31	9.70	10.11	0.41	4.2	-2.20	-17.9
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	8.14	8.50	9.61	8.84	10.22	8.45	8.86	0.41	4.9	-1.36	-13.3
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	4.46	4.23	4.67	3.73	4.98	5.33	5.54	0.21	3.9	0.56	11.2
N	Administrative and support services	2.64	2.80	2.89	1.25	1.83	2.96	3.28	0.32	10.8	1.45	79.2
O	Public administration and defence	2.25	2.38	2.50	2.63	2.63	2.85	3.13	0.28	9.8	0.50	19.0
P	Education	3.71	3.82	4.04	3.47	3.56	4.51	5.07	0.56	12.4	1.51	42.4
Q	Human health and social work	2.54	2.60	2.69	2.00	2.32	2.89	3.21	0.32	11.1	0.89	38.4
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	2.72	2.59	2.94	-2.36	-1.45	2.91	3.09	0.18	6.2	4.54	313.1
All Sectors		3.70	3.67	3.96	2.51	3.28	4.12	4.54	0.42	10.2	1.26	38.4
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		3.83	3.77	4.10	2.25	3.23	4.22	4.65	0.43	10.2	1.42	44.0
Public sector		3.25	3.34	3.49	3.34	3.47	3.78	4.15	0.37	9.8	0.68	19.6
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		2.76	2.60	2.79	-0.75	0.51	2.91	3.16	0.25	8.6	2.65	519.6
50-250 employees		3.34	3.47	3.76	1.95	2.37	3.88	4.17	0.29	7.5	1.80	75.9
Greater than 250 employees		4.45	4.43	4.79	4.62	5.20	4.91	5.43	0.52	10.6	0.23	4.4
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.31	0.40	0.40	0.47	0.51	0.21	0.47	0.26	-0.04
F	Construction	0.09	0.10	0.07	0.08	0.11	0.10	0.06	-0.04	-0.05
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.39	0.47	0.47	0.62	0.56	0.31	0.55	0.24	-0.01
H	Transportation and storage	0.09	0.10	0.12	0.07	0.09	0.10	0.10	-	0.01
I	Accommodation and food services	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.01	-	-0.02
J	Information and communication	1.98	1.43	0.90	3.60	5.36	2.49	2.92	0.43	-2.44
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.33	0.84	0.87	0.61	0.92	0.46	0.67	0.21	-0.25
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	0.31	0.22	0.29	0.33	0.40	0.37	0.48	0.11	0.08
N	Administrative and support services	0.19	0.31	0.24	0.34	0.15	0.10	0.15	0.05	-
O	Public administration and defence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-
P	Education	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.06	0.05	0.06
Q	Human health and social work	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	-
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.50	0.28	0.17	0.16	0.19	0.08	0.19	0.11	-
All Sectors		0.27	0.29	0.26	0.45	0.57	0.28	0.40	0.12	-0.17
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.34	0.37	0.34	0.58	0.73	0.36	0.52	0.16	-0.21
Public sector		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	-	-0.01
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.15	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.01	0.01
50-250 employees		0.19	0.22	0.24	0.31	0.34	0.22	0.25	0.03	-0.09
Greater than 250 employees		0.37	0.40	0.34	0.66	0.90	0.39	0.61	0.22	-0.29
¹ Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) are a sub-component of average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a. BIK is considered an income rather than an other labour cost by Eurostat and in Structure of Earnings Statistics.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	27.91	28.25	29.75	28.97	30.54	30.39	32.52	2.13	7.0	1.98	6.5
F	Construction	23.19	24.23	25.70	22.85	25.68	27.35	28.25	0.90	3.3	2.57	10.0
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	22.06	22.31	23.13	21.96	23.78	23.59	24.95	1.36	5.8	1.17	4.9
H	Transportation and storage	25.17	27.21	27.51	22.34	23.47	26.75	27.73	0.98	3.7	4.26	18.2
I	Accommodation and food services	14.29	14.50	15.14	7.39	8.50	16.44	16.95	0.51	3.1	8.45	99.4
J	Information and communication	38.09	39.43	40.45	44.68	49.55	49.76	50.69	0.93	1.9	1.14	2.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	38.17	40.05	42.06	42.71	45.39	43.00	45.07	2.07	4.8	-0.32	-0.7
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	31.55	31.42	32.94	33.38	35.81	35.43	36.97	1.54	4.3	1.16	3.2
N	Administrative and support services	20.05	21.42	22.17	21.69	23.07	24.34	25.25	0.91	3.7	2.18	9.4
O	Public administration and defence	27.80	28.36	29.06	29.68	30.83	31.13	35.02	3.89	12.5	4.19	13.6
P	Education	38.83	39.79	40.95	40.92	42.22	44.03	47.36	3.33	7.6	5.14	12.2
Q	Human health and social work	25.07	25.69	26.37	26.37	27.12	28.34	30.53	2.19	7.7	3.41	12.6
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	19.83	20.28	21.78	17.17	19.14	22.25	23.44	1.19	5.3	4.30	22.5
All Sectors		26.31	27.00	28.19	28.07	29.55	30.31	32.26	1.95	6.4	2.71	9.2
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		24.66	25.30	26.51	26.07	27.81	28.66	30.13	1.47	5.1	2.32	8.3
Public sector		32.14	32.91	33.92	34.55	35.42	36.02	39.48	3.46	9.6	4.06	11.5
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		21.77	22.31	23.17	20.65	22.70	24.69	25.94	1.25	5.1	3.24	14.3
50-250 employees		23.88	24.74	26.10	26.09	26.75	27.82	29.36	1.54	5.5	2.61	9.8
Greater than 250 employees		30.21	30.82	32.17	33.11	34.48	34.43	36.75	2.32	6.7	2.27	6.6
¹ Average hourly total labour costs equal the average hourly earnings in Table 2 plus the average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022
NACE Principal Activity		Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4
B-E	Industry	212,000	220,400	226,900	226,400	231,900	242,300	253,400	267,300	261,600
F	Construction	77,600	90,200	95,700	106,500	113,800	106,700	124,200	134,100	127,800
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	295,200	304,100	308,800	312,700	309,400	323,300	308,400	318,600	322,600
H	Transportation and storage	67,000	71,800	71,000	80,900	84,100	83,400	84,900	85,000	92,200
I	Accommodation and food services	154,000	158,000	178,000	177,700	182,700	131,200	165,300	173,200	175,100
J	Information and communication	63,600	68,400	71,100	71,900	78,500	86,400	105,800	101,300	104,300
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	88,500	94,200	90,600	91,700	98,500	103,300	115,600	109,600	115,500
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	89,100	96,500	92,100	94,400	99,300	102,000	126,200	117,700	120,600
N	Administrative and support services	83,400	81,600	88,800	107,300	107,600	77,900	92,800	105,900	107,400
O	Public administration and defence	111,300	112,500	122,900	130,700	141,600	148,200	161,500	160,300	166,500
P	Education	138,800	144,900	153,000	165,000	177,200	181,000	194,600	189,200	188,700
Q	Human health and social work	232,800	237,400	240,500	248,300	251,800	247,200	274,200	286,900	287,000
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	48,700	54,500	55,800	54,800	54,700	45,400	52,700	51,500	52,100
All Sectors		1,662,100	1,734,600	1,795,300	1,868,100	1,931,200	1,878,200	2,059,400	2,100,600	2,121,300
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1,282,400	1,348,200	1,399,300	1,464,900	1,519,200	1,463,100	1,633,200	1,660,900	1,677,700
Public sector		379,700	386,300	396,000	403,300	412,000	415,000	426,200	439,700	443,600
¹ It should be noted that the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of estimates of employment.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7b Job vacancies by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7c Job vacancy rate by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8b Average hourly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8c Average weekly paid hours by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8d Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data¹
		Preliminary Q3 2022			Final Q3 2022			Percentage Change
NACE Principal Activity		Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours
B-E	Industry	965.43	25.34	38.1	970.62	25.37	38.3	0.5	0.1	0.5
F	Construction	913.75	23.88	38.3	920.83	24.15	38.1	0.8	1.1	-0.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	641.57	20.63	31.1	645.48	20.51	31.5	0.6	-0.6	1.3
H	Transportation and storage	845.25	22.91	36.9	850.90	22.99	37.0	0.7	0.3	0.3
I	Accommodation and food services	421.24	15.28	27.6	421.93	14.93	28.3	0.2	-2.3	2.5
J	Information and communication	1,480.25	39.69	37.3	1,493.83	40.05	37.3	0.9	0.9	0.0
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,210.00	34.68	34.9	1,211.93	34.55	35.1	0.2	-0.4	0.6
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,057.64	30.59	34.6	1,034.48	30.10	34.4	-2.2	-1.6	-0.6
N	Administrative and support service	695.14	21.31	32.6	685.32	21.38	32.1	-1.4	0.3	-1.5
O	Public administration and defence	1,018.15	28.34	35.9	1,020.17	28.28	36.1	0.2	-0.2	0.6
P	Education	946.90	38.82	24.4	947.24	39.52	24.0	0.0	1.8	-1.6
Q	Human health and social work	816.92	25.43	32.1	826.43	25.45	32.5	1.2	0.1	1.2
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	571.56	19.62	29.1	563.11	19.33	29.1	-1.5	-1.5	0.0
Total		864.32	26.17	33.0	867.63	26.19	33.1	0.4	0.1	0.3
Public/Private Sector
Private sector		808.33	24.45	33.1	811.49	24.43	33.2	0.4	-0.1	0.3
Public sector		1,056.63	32.11	32.9	1,058.98	32.24	32.8	0.2	0.4	-0.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		696.05	22.09	31.5	688.26	21.78	31.6	-1.1	-1.4	0.3
50-250 employees		806.24	23.97	33.6	807.14	23.94	33.7	0.1	-0.1	0.3
Greater than 250 employees		991.05	29.35	33.8	999.94	29.53	33.9	0.9	0.6	0.3
¹ See background notes.

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Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change		Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change		Annual change
	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
Civil service	926.60	946.04	958.02	986.31	1,003.67	1,004.87	1,096.85	91.98	9.2	93.18	9.3
Defence	843.24	857.96	916.88	938.59	946.03	900.33	960.95	60.62	6.7	14.92	1.6
Garda Siochana	1,288.81	1,232.53	1,253.95	1,344.75	1,319.62	1,361.13	1,512.46	151.33	11.1	192.84	14.6
Education	962.88	994.29	1,017.57	1,038.59	1,045.56	1,093.92	1,171.46	77.54	7.1	125.90	12.0
Regional bodies	824.53	843.62	876.04	900.62	881.73	904.98	999.92	94.94	10.5	118.19	13.4
Health	896.26	910.32	963.06	1,003.80	999.14	1,042.91	1,104.76	61.85	5.9	105.62	10.6
Semi-state	1,027.67	1,034.48	1,031.68	1,049.25	1,064.72	1,119.05	1,165.04	45.99	4.1	100.32	9.4
Total public sector	944.64	961.67	991.07	1,021.22	1,023.36	1,058.98	1,133.47	74.49	7.0	110.11	10.8
Total public sector excluding semi- state bodies	931.82	950.40	984.86	1,016.76	1,017.42	1,049.95	1,128.54	78.59	7.5	111.12	10.9
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	988.88	999.01	1,036.03	1,040.69	1,055.52	1,076.59	1,165.35	88.76	8.2	109.83	10.4
Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,042.85	1,049.15	1,029.72	1,052.96	1,069.19	1,138.64	1,164.90	26.26	2.3	95.71	9.0

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2022	Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Annual change
									%
Civil service	41,000	41,900	44,400	45,200	44,800	44,800	44,100	- 700	-1.6
Defence	9,400	9,300	9,100	9,000	8,900	9,000	9,100	200	2.2
Garda Siochana	13,800	14,400	14,700	14,600	14,600	14,300	14,200	- 400	-2.7
Education	113,900	114,000	115,300	112,000	113,300	108,800	109,000	- 4,300	-3.8
Regional bodies	33,400	34,200	34,900	34,900	35,300	35,600	35,700	400	1.1
Health	129,900	134,000	137,500	142,200	152,300	168,000	172,100	19,800	13.0
Semi-state	54,500	55,500	56,200	57,200	57,000	59,200	59,400	2,400	4.2
Total public sector	396,000	403,300	412,000	415,000	426,200	439,700	443,600	17,400	4.1
Total public sector excluding semi- state bodies	341,500	347,800	355,700	357,800	369,200	380,500	384,200	15,000	4.1
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	13,100	13,800	14,600	15,100	16,300	16,100	16,100	- 200	-1.2
Commercial Semi-state bodies	41,500	41,600	41,600	42,100	40,600	43,100	43,300	2,700	6.7
¹ Source: Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey. Public Sector employment includes all those who received a payment which would include both full-time and part-time employees as well as contract workers. Total public sector numbers are also published by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform on a quarterly basis. Those differ in coverage from the estimates in the above table as Department of Public Expenditure and Reform estimates are based on full-time equivalents which will change over time based on both changes in working hours and number of persons employed.

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories¹
	2020	2021	2022	2022	Quarterly change	Annual change
Occupation by NACE groups	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change	Annual change
	€	€	€	€	%	%
Managers, professionals and associated professionals
B-E	1,558.76	1,630.00	1,669.04	1,672.45	0.2	2.6
B-N, R-S	1,401.95	1,466.82	1,525.81	1,535.91	0.7	4.7
O-Q	1,267.10	1,329.86	1,298.83	1,338.88	3.1	0.7
Total (B-S)	1,318.00	1,380.65	1,396.26	1,420.06	1.7	2.9
Clerical, sales and service employees
B-E	835.84	907.85	928.36	946.28	1.9	4.2
B-N, R-S	568.75	620.33	644.21	651.82	1.2	5.1
O-Q	588.63	643.65	630.58	657.81	4.3	2.2
Total (B-S)	563.69	617.40	627.82	642.51	2.3	4.1
Production, transport, craft and other manual workers
B-E	762.86	804.23	831.06	831.32	0.0	3.4
B-N, R-S	630.51	687.39	699.99	704.02	0.6	2.4
O-Q	530.35	552.30	540.20	575.39	6.5	4.2
Total (B-S)	599.02	648.07	655.99	665.55	1.5	2.7
¹ These estimates have been generated using a sub sample of EHECS respondents therefore caution is advised when interpreting these results. See background notes.

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter¹
		Employer Response Rate %				Respondent Enterprises	Respondent Enterprises	Employee Response Rate %
NACE Principal Activity		Final Q3 2021	Preliminary Q3 2022	Final Q3 2022	Preliminary Q4 2022	Final Q3 2022	Preliminary Q4 2022	Final Q3 2021	Preliminary Q3 2022	Final Q3 2022	Preliminary Q4 2022
B-E	Industry	56.0	43.8	56.0	43.3	658	507	73.9	62.4	73.5	59.7
F	Construction	39.1	26.3	38.9	35.1	175	157	50.0	32.6	46.6	42.7
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	49.7	39.5	49.4	40.6	682	561	72.4	52.9	71.0	52.4
H	Transportation and storage	46.6	34.0	46.4	34.1	141	103	67.7	61.3	77.0	72.0
I	Accommodation and food services	44.2	41.5	49.8	39.5	400	319	60.8	55.9	62.9	53.2
J	Information and communication	59.5	48.4	60.2	51.1	290	249	73.8	67.5	80.5	69.7
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	67.9	51.5	63.4	51.4	262	213	87.6	68.0	85.0	76.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	56.3	41.5	54.8	42.9	314	245	73.7	50.8	73.9	60.4
N	Administrative and support service activities	49.6	41.7	53.8	41.9	299	233	66.6	54.3	65.9	54.5
O	Public administration and defence	80.4	81.6	86.4	86.4	121	121	84.1	91.5	93.5	94.2
P	Education	59.2	54.2	64.3	52.1	151	123	90.7	83.8	90.2	86.0
Q	Human health and social work	60.9	54.0	66.2	51.6	540	414	74.1	61.1	75.8	58.8
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	54.5	49.3	57.8	47.3	215	175	71.8	60.3	71.1	53.9
Total		53.7	44.1	55.2	44.5	4,248	3,420	75.5	65.4	77.1	66.6
¹This table presents the response rates achieved by sector. Greater caution should be taken in the interpretation of estimates for sectors with lower response rates as these sectors could be subject to greater revisions if response levels are increased for final estimates.

Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2022 (Final) Q4 2022 (Preliminary Estimates)