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Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2024 (Final) Q3 2024 (Preliminary Estimates)

Average weekly earnings up 5.3% to €955.49 in the 12 months to Q3 2024

Online ISSN: 2009-5023

CSO statistical publication, 02 December 2024, 11am

Key Findings

Average weekly earnings were €955.49 in Quarter 3 (Q3) 2024, up 5.3% from €907.10 in Q3 2023.
Average hourly earnings rose by 4.7% to €29.14 in Q3 2024, from €27.84 in Q3 2023.
Average weekly paid hours were 32.8 in Q3 2024, up by 0.6% from Q3 2023 hours of 32.6.
The job vacancy rate at the end of Q3 2024 was 1.2%, remaining unchanged from the end of Q3 2023, but lower than the 1.3% recorded at the end of Q2 2024.
Average hourly other labour costs grew by 6.9% to €4.98 in Q3 2024, from €4.66 in Q3 2023.
The highest averages for hourly total labour costs in Q3 2024 were €58.64 in Information & Communication, and €49.69 in Education.
The Public Administration & Defence sector had the highest job vacancy rate at 3.3% in Q3 2024, followed by 2.5% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (02 December 2024) published Earnings and Labour costs results with Preliminary estimates for Quarter 3 (Q3) 2024 and Final estimates for Q2 2024.

Commenting on the release, Louise Egan, Statistician in the Earnings Analysis Division, said: “Average earnings in the economy continue to increase year on year, driven by a number of factors, including a stable job vacancy rate for the past 18 months as well as annual employment growth of 3.7% according to the latest CSO Labour Force Survey. Preliminary estimates for July, August, and September (Q3) 2024 show average weekly earnings were €955.49, up 5.3% compared with €907.10 in Q3 2023.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings rose across all 13 sectors in the year to Q3 2024. The largest annual percentage increase in average weekly earnings in Q3 2024 was 8.7% in the Information & Communication sector, with the second largest increase of 7.7% seen in the Transportation & Storage sector.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 4.7% to €29.14, while average weekly paid hours increased by 0.6% to 32.8 in Q3 2024 from 32.6 in Q3 2023. Over the five years from Q3 2019 to Q3 2024, average hourly earnings went up by 23.8% from €23.54 to €29.14.

Labour Costs

Average hourly other labour costs rose by 6.9% across all economic sectors to €4.98 in Q3 2024 from €4.66 in Q3 2023, while average hourly total labour costs grew by 5.0% in the same period.

The sector with the highest average hourly total labour costs in Q3 2024 was the Information & Communication sector at €58.64. The lowest average total labour costs were in the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, which recorded a rate of €18.69.

Job Vacancy Rate

The job vacancy rate in Q3 2024, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was 1.2%, which was down from 1.3% the end of Q2 2024 and unchanged from the end of Q3 2023."

Earnings and Labour Costs Survey (EHECS) series updates

Estimates in relation to Defence and public sector have been updated from Q2 2021 due to a revision in our input data processes. This update primarily impacts employment and job vacancy estimates and does not have a significant impact on previously published sectoral trends in relation to earnings.

Preliminary Estimates Q3 2024

Headline Table: Earnings, Hours and Labour Costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
	Average Weekly Earnings	Average Hourly Earnings	Average Hourly Total Labour Costs	Average Weekly Paid Hours
	€	€	€	Hours
	Unadjusted
Q3 2023	907.10	27.84	32.50	32.6
Q3 2024	955.49	29.14	34.12	32.8
Annual % change	5.3	4.7	5.0	0.6
	Seasonally Adjusted
Q2 2024	965.05	29.71	34.94	32.5
Q3 2024	973.99	29.99	35.16	32.6
Quarterly % change	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.3

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2024 HLT (XLS 10KB)

Editor's Note

While there is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the public/private sector wage gap, the CSO has published analysis of the differential using a matched Labour Force Survey and PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) dataset for 2019-2022. This analysis took account of compositional differences between the public and private sector, such as occupational mix, sectors of activity, gender balance, union membership, etc. The public sector pay gap in 2022 was estimated to range from -6.6% to +0.9% depending on the specification applied and the treatment of the additional superannuation contribution.

For the most recent analysis, see Econometric Analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential 2022. Previous analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential is available here.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings were €955.49 in Q3 2024, an increase of 5.3% when compared with €907.10 from one year earlier, according to preliminary estimates of the Earnings and Labour Costs quarterly release.

The largest annual percentage increase in Q3 2024 in average weekly earnings was 8.7% in the Information & Communication sector, rising from €1,524.47 to €1,656.40. The second largest increase was 7.7% in the Transportation & Storage sector which rose from €846.01 to €911.06 over the year.

In the five years to Q3 2024, average weekly earnings rose by 24.2%. All sectors saw increases in average weekly earnings over this period.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 4.7% to €29.14 in Q3 2024, while average weekly paid hours rose from 32.6 in Q3 2023 to 32.8 in Q3 2024. Over the five years from Q3 2019 to Q3 2024, average hourly earnings rose by 23.8% from €23.54 to €29.14, while average paid hours increased 0.3% from 32.7 to 32.8 hours.

	5 Year % Change
Arts & entertainment	34.0591735135792
Information & communication	33.4246244311088
Health & social	27.7004538577912
All sectors	24.236435267654
Admin & support service	24.1261848341232
Construction	22.6349671902963
Education	22.0113216266174
Industry	21.5985778341411
Professional & technical	18.8333333333333
Public admin & defence	18.1632927497853
Financial & real estate	18.1122074682708
Accommodation & food	17.7617960830105
Wholesale & retail	17.4831731574189
Transportation	9.34207052159093

#REF!

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q317	22.16	22.66
Q417	22.6	22.6
Q118	23.4	22.84
Q218	22.94	22.97
Q318	22.62	23.17
Q418	23.31	23.31
Q119	24.05	23.44
Q219	23.69	23.71
Q319	23.54	24.16
Q419	24.23	24.23
Q120	24.76	24.11
Q220	25.38	25.39
Q320	24.38	25.06
Q420	25.57	25.57
Q121	26.84	26.11
Q221	26.08	26.07
Q321	25.31	26.05
Q421	26.29	26.3
Q122	27.46	26.7
Q222	26.76	26.74
Q322	26.23	26.99
Q422	27.9	27.93
Q123	28.55	27.74
Q223	28.19	28.15
Q323	27.84	28.65
Q423	28.44	28.48
Q124	29.96	29.11
Q224	29.75	29.71
Q324	29.14	29.99

	Q3 2023	Q3 2024
Industry	26.82	28.32
Construction	25.44	26.6
Wholesale & retail	21.81	22.47
Transportation	23.21	24.77
Accommodation & food	15.88	16.84
Information & communication	40.79	44.86
Financial & real estate	36.1	37.37
Professional & technical	32.49	32.79
Admin & support service	22.51	23.82
Public admin & defence	30.34	31.84
Education	42.43	44.54
Health & social	27.47	28.16
Arts & entertainment	21.55	22.9
All sectors	27.84	29.14

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q317	32.4	32.3
Q417	32.4	32.2
Q118	31.8	32.3
Q218	32.5	32.5
Q318	32.8	32.5
Q418	32.4	32.4
Q119	32.1	32.4
Q219	32.6	32.6
Q319	32.7	32.5
Q419	32.4	32.4
Q120	32.3	32.3
Q220	32.2	32.2
Q320	32.6	32.4
Q420	33.1	32.7
Q121	32.1	32.8
Q221	32.6	32.7
Q321	33.1	32.5
Q421	32.9	32.7
Q122	32.3	32.8
Q222	32.6	32.7
Q322	33.1	32.7
Q422	32.4	32.5
Q123	32.4	32.6
Q223	32.4	32.4
Q323	32.6	32.5
Q423	32.6	32.5
Q124	32.5	32.5
Q224	32.4	32.5
Q324	32.8	32.6

Total Labour Costs

Average hourly total labour costs were €34.12 across all economic sectors in Q3 2024. Information & Communication had the highest average hourly total labour costs at €58.64, followed by € 49.69 in the Education sector.

The sectors with the lowest cost of employing labour were Accommodation & Food Services Activities at €18.69 and Wholesale and Retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles at €26.28.

Average hourly total labour costs increased by 24.9% over the five years to Q3 2024, from €27.31 per hour to €34.12.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	42.2610383309073
Arts & entertainment	29.7882816346627
Admin & support services	26.8192219679634
Accommodation & food	26.2837837837838
Construction	26.1736601578729
All sectors	24.9359209080923
Public admin & defence	23.6638537271449
Professional & technical	21.4863184079602
Health & social	21.0586881472957
Industry	20.8008504606662
Education	20.6653715395823
Financial & real estate	19.9280945043657
Wholesale & retail	18.4317260027039
Transportation	7.01038575667656

Public Sector

Average weekly earnings increased by 4.4% across the public sector in the year to Q3 2024, rising from €1,123.81 to €1,173.07.

An Garda Síochána had the highest average weekly earnings and average weekly paid hours in Q3 2024 in the public sector at €1,587.54 and 43.1 hours respectively. The highest average hourly earnings in this period were €49.35 in the Education sector.

FALSE

	Q3 2023	Q3 2024
Civil service	1058.37	1106.24
Defence	1038.18	1032.37
Garda Siochana	1579.28	1587.54
Education	1137.73	1196.58
Regional bodies	944.47	986.93
Health	1129.06	1179.87
Semi-state	1157.08	1220.69
All public sector	1123.81	1173.07

	Q3 2023	Q3 2024
Civil service	45800	52100
Defence	8000	7800
Garda Siochana	14300	14400
Education	110000	108600
Regional bodies	37700	37100
Health	163200	167000
Semi-state	61800	64900

Job Vacancies

The job vacancy rate in Q3 2024, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was unchanged at 1.2% from Q3 2023. It was down from the 1.3% recorded at the end of Q2 2024.

The highest job vacancy rates in Q3 2024 were 3.3% in the Public Administration & Defence sector, followed by 2.5% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

There were 28,900 job vacancies, (rounded to the nearest 100), at the end of Q3 2024, up by 1,600 from the end of Q3 2023.

X-axis label	Job Vacancy Rate
Q317	1.1
Q417	1
Q118	1
Q218	1.2
Q318	1
Q418	0.9
Q119	1.2
Q219	1.1
Q319	0.9
Q419	0.9
Q120	0.8
Q220	0.7
Q320	0.8
Q420	0.9
Q121	1
Q221	1.2
Q321	1.5
Q421	1.4
Q122	1.6
Q222	1.6
Q322	1.6
Q422	1.3
Q123	1.5
Q223	1.3
Q323	1.2
Q423	1.2
Q124	1.2
Q224	1.3
Q324	1.2

Tables

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	883.16	890.31	945.54	970.63	1,024.45	1,089.50	1,073.91	-15.59	-1.4	49.46	4.8
F	Construction	804.64	818.03	869.54	920.83	930.91	1,004.40	986.77	-17.63	-1.8	55.86	6.0
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	597.26	605.19	629.32	645.48	676.44	715.83	701.68	-14.15	-2.0	25.24	3.7
H	Transportation and storage	833.22	780.66	778.36	850.90	846.01	920.36	911.06	-9.30	-1.0	65.05	7.7
I	Accommodation and food services	376.82	387.95	403.83	421.93	428.39	446.41	443.75	-2.66	-0.6	15.36	3.6
J	Information and communication	1,241.45	1,270.40	1,335.88	1,493.83	1,524.47	1,649.00	1,656.40	7.40	0.4	131.93	8.7
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,090.48	1,119.80	1,153.90	1,211.82	1,244.57	1,389.80	1,287.99	-101.81	-7.3	43.42	3.5
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	948.00	906.67	1,031.24	1,034.48	1,107.53	1,156.49	1,126.54	-29.95	-2.6	19.01	1.7
N	Administrative and support services	607.68	624.16	682.17	685.32	701.94	760.21	754.29	-5.92	-0.8	52.35	7.5
O	Public administration and defence	966.73	978.47	1,006.19	1,027.00	1,098.89	1,168.62	1,142.32	-26.30	-2.3	43.43	4.0
P	Education	865.60	901.01	961.73	947.24	981.67	1,002.32	1,056.13	53.81	5.4	74.46	7.6
Q	Human health and social work	727.10	758.21	809.06	826.43	885.07	900.10	928.51	28.41	3.2	43.44	4.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	494.14	518.56	552.63	563.42	626.18	627.03	662.44	35.41	5.6	36.26	5.8
All Sectors		769.09	795.04	838.47	869.17	907.10	964.54	955.49	-9.05	-0.9	48.39	5.3
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		709.11	731.01	774.26	812.38	843.07	903.40	887.99	-15.41	-1.7	44.92	5.3
Public sector²		972.65	997.20	1,050.75	1,061.21	1,123.81	1,159.09	1,173.07	13.98	1.2	49.26	4.4
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		607.75	625.50	655.63	688.59	741.11	776.04	751.81	-24.23	-3.1	10.70	1.4
50-250 employees		705.92	737.92	781.05	807.70	812.60	890.90	865.53	-25.37	-2.8	52.93	6.5
Greater than 250 employees		900.91	923.96	972.59	1,001.97	1,039.26	1,095.34	1,097.12	1.78	0.2	57.86	5.6
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8a.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2024 Table 1 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	23.00	23.55	24.57	25.37	26.82	29.02	28.32	-0.70	-2.4	1.50	5.6
F	Construction	21.42	21.83	23.23	24.15	25.44	27.15	26.60	-0.55	-2.0	1.16	4.6
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	19.15	19.15	19.73	20.51	21.81	23.31	22.47	-0.84	-3.6	0.66	3.0
H	Transportation and storage	23.24	21.29	21.87	22.99	23.21	24.19	24.77	0.58	2.4	1.56	6.7
I	Accommodation and food services	13.37	15.38	14.52	14.93	15.88	16.96	16.84	-0.12	-0.7	0.96	6.0
J	Information and communication	33.41	34.91	35.60	40.05	40.79	44.31	44.86	0.55	1.2	4.07	10.0
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	31.00	32.13	33.13	34.55	36.10	39.66	37.37	-2.29	-5.8	1.27	3.5
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	27.63	26.69	29.56	30.10	32.49	33.70	32.79	-0.91	-2.7	0.30	0.9
N	Administrative and support services	18.70	19.71	20.89	21.38	22.51	23.96	23.82	-0.14	-0.6	1.31	5.8
O	Public administration and defence	25.96	26.43	27.91	28.33	30.34	33.08	31.84	-1.24	-3.7	1.50	4.9
P	Education	37.15	37.97	39.13	39.52	42.43	43.27	44.54	1.27	2.9	2.11	5.0
Q	Human health and social work	23.41	24.16	24.60	25.45	27.47	28.47	28.16	-0.31	-1.1	0.69	2.5
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.80	18.12	19.20	19.34	21.55	22.22	22.90	0.68	3.1	1.35	6.3
All Sectors		23.54	24.38	25.31	26.23	27.84	29.75	29.14	-0.61	-2.1	1.30	4.7
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		21.69	22.45	23.32	24.46	25.86	27.55	27.02	-0.53	-1.9	1.16	4.5
Public sector²		29.81	30.44	31.95	32.26	34.57	37.10	36.04	-1.06	-2.9	1.47	4.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.58	19.96	20.72	21.80	23.99	24.94	24.36	-0.58	-2.3	0.37	1.5
50-250 employees		21.25	22.84	23.11	23.96	24.81	27.04	26.20	-0.84	-3.1	1.39	5.6
Greater than 250 employees		26.82	27.56	28.77	29.57	31.02	33.23	32.54	-0.69	-2.1	1.52	4.9
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average hourly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8b.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2024 Table 2 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	%	hours	%
B-E	Industry	38.4	37.8	38.5	38.3	38.2	37.5	37.9	0.4	1.1	-0.3	-0.8
F	Construction	37.6	37.5	37.4	38.1	36.6	37.0	37.1	0.1	0.3	0.5	1.4
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	31.2	31.6	31.9	31.5	31.0	30.7	31.2	0.5	1.6	0.2	0.6
H	Transportation and storage	35.9	36.7	35.6	37.0	36.5	38.0	36.8	-1.2	-3.2	0.3	0.8
I	Accommodation and food services	28.2	25.2	27.8	28.3	27.0	26.3	26.4	0.1	0.4	-0.6	-2.2
J	Information and communication	37.2	36.4	37.5	37.3	37.4	37.2	36.9	-0.3	-0.8	-0.5	-1.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	35.2	34.8	34.8	35.1	34.5	35.0	34.5	-0.5	-1.4	-	-
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	34.3	34.0	34.9	34.4	34.1	34.3	34.4	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.9
N	Administrative and support services	32.5	31.7	32.7	32.1	31.2	31.7	31.7	-	-	0.5	1.6
O	Public administration and defence	37.2	37.0	36.1	36.2	36.2	35.3	35.9	0.6	1.7	-0.3	-0.8
P	Education	23.3	23.7	24.6	24.0	23.1	23.2	23.7	0.5	2.2	0.6	2.6
Q	Human health and social work	31.1	31.4	32.9	32.5	32.2	31.6	33.0	1.4	4.4	0.8	2.5
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	27.8	28.6	28.8	29.1	29.1	28.2	28.9	0.7	2.5	-0.2	-0.7
All Sectors		32.7	32.6	33.1	33.1	32.6	32.4	32.8	0.4	1.2	0.2	0.6
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		32.7	32.6	33.2	33.2	32.6	32.8	32.9	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.9
Public sector²		32.6	32.8	32.9	32.9	32.5	31.2	32.6	1.4	4.5	0.1	0.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		31.0	31.3	31.6	31.6	30.9	31.1	30.9	-0.2	-0.6	-	-
50-250 employees		33.2	32.3	33.8	33.7	32.7	32.9	33.0	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.9
Greater than 250 employees		33.6	33.5	33.8	33.9	33.5	33.0	33.7	0.7	2.1	0.2	0.6
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
²Average weekly paid hours by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8c.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2024 Table 3 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by quarter

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by other characteristics and quarter
	Unadjusted Series					Seasonally Adjusted Series
Quarter	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs
	€	hours	€	€	€	€	hours	€	€	€
Q1 2008	704.60	32.7	21.56	3.51	25.07	707.37	32.8	21.33	3.52	24.83
Q2 2008	705.28	32.8	21.50	3.40	24.90	708.59	32.8	21.54	3.41	25.00
Q3 2008	696.11	32.8	21.20	3.41	24.61	701.52	32.6	21.50	3.50	25.06
Q4 2008	721.89	32.5	22.24	3.60	25.84	710.25	32.4	22.12	3.50	25.54
Q1 2009	709.55	31.6	22.44	3.59	26.03	712.60	32.0	22.20	3.60	25.78
Q2 2009	700.75	31.9	22.00	3.64	25.64	704.06	31.9	22.05	3.65	25.74
Q3 2009	698.47	31.9	21.88	3.49	25.37	702.79	31.8	22.19	3.58	25.83
Q4 2009	721.28	32.1	22.50	3.66	26.16	711.06	31.6	22.40	3.55	25.87
Q1 2010	689.32	31.0	22.21	3.36	25.58	692.07	31.8	21.96	3.36	25.32
Q2 2010	696.90	31.6	22.03	3.30	25.33	699.93	31.6	22.07	3.31	25.42
Q3 2010	700.23	32.2	21.78	3.14	24.91	703.13	31.7	22.09	3.23	25.35
Q4 2010	704.11	31.8	22.14	3.27	25.41	696.76	31.5	22.06	3.16	25.16
Q1 2011	684.87	30.9	22.18	3.13	25.31	686.65	31.5	21.91	3.13	25.04
Q2 2011	687.49	31.4	21.90	3.14	25.04	689.29	31.4	21.93	3.16	25.11
Q3 2011	686.59	31.8	21.57	3.08	24.65	689.26	31.4	21.89	3.18	25.09
Q4 2011	696.84	31.6	22.06	3.29	25.35	692.60	31.6	22.01	3.18	25.13
Q1 2012	698.71	31.4	22.25	3.25	25.50	698.25	31.5	21.95	3.24	25.20
Q2 2012	691.62	31.5	21.96	3.28	25.24	692.24	31.5	21.98	3.30	25.30
Q3 2012	692.13	31.7	21.82	3.31	25.12	696.14	31.4	22.17	3.41	25.59
Q4 2012	691.84	31.6	21.90	3.59	25.49	689.48	31.5	21.87	3.48	25.31
Q1 2013	693.21	31.2	22.24	3.46	25.70	690.65	31.6	21.89	3.45	25.35
Q2 2013	695.65	31.6	22.02	3.32	25.34	694.83	31.6	22.03	3.34	25.39
Q3 2013	682.79	31.7	21.53	3.23	24.77	689.45	31.6	21.90	3.33	25.25
Q4 2013	694.03	31.7	21.89	3.73	25.62	691.84	31.6	21.89	3.63	25.47
Q1 2014	699.67	31.3	22.37	3.41	25.78	695.11	31.7	21.97	3.39	25.38
Q2 2014	694.08	31.8	21.81	3.38	25.19	693.31	31.8	21.82	3.40	25.23
Q3 2014	676.58	31.9	21.20	3.27	24.47	684.91	31.7	21.59	3.36	24.97
Q4 2014	702.07	31.8	22.05	3.51	25.56	699.23	31.7	22.06	3.42	25.44
Q1 2015	701.11	31.4	22.30	3.46	25.76	695.64	31.8	21.85	3.44	25.31
Q2 2015	699.22	32.0	21.86	3.45	25.31	698.82	32.0	21.88	3.46	25.36
Q3 2015	692.79	32.2	21.50	3.35	24.84	702.05	32.1	21.93	3.44	25.36
Q4 2015	711.23	32.5	21.91	3.46	25.37	708.09	32.1	21.92	3.38	25.28
Q1 2016	714.26	31.7	22.55	3.51	26.06	707.89	31.8	22.06	3.50	25.57
Q2 2016	706.33	32.1	21.97	3.48	25.45	706.80	32.1	22.00	3.48	25.50
Q3 2016	702.97	32.6	21.56	3.47	25.04	711.71	32.2	22.02	3.56	25.58
Q4 2016	717.52	32.4	22.18	3.58	25.76	715.15	32.5	22.19	3.51	25.69
Q1 2017	725.12	32.0	22.69	3.53	26.22	718.15	32.3	22.17	3.52	25.69
Q2 2017	720.52	32.4	22.27	3.59	25.86	720.90	32.4	22.31	3.58	25.91
Q3 2017	717.55	32.4	22.16	3.50	25.65	726.11	32.3	22.66	3.59	26.22
Q4 2017	731.86	32.4	22.60	3.70	26.31	730.83	32.2	22.60	3.64	26.26
Q1 2018	744.56	31.8	23.40	3.65	27.05	736.58	32.3	22.84	3.64	26.46
Q2 2018	745.03	32.5	22.94	3.63	26.56	744.61	32.5	22.97	3.61	26.60
Q3 2018	742.71	32.8	22.62	3.50	26.12	752.14	32.5	23.17	3.59	26.73
Q4 2018	755.99	32.4	23.31	3.66	26.97	756.31	32.4	23.31	3.60	26.93
Q1 2019	771.43	32.1	24.05	3.69	27.74	761.75	32.4	23.44	3.68	27.10
Q2 2019	771.39	32.6	23.69	3.81	27.50	770.01	32.6	23.71	3.78	27.52
Q3 2019	769.09	32.7	23.54	3.77	27.31	780.63	32.5	24.16	3.88	28.02
Q4 2019	786.36	32.4	24.23	3.96	28.20	787.31	32.4	24.23	3.90	28.16
Q1 2020	799.96	32.3	24.76	3.86	28.61	787.95	32.3	24.11	3.84	27.92
Q2 2020	817.34	32.2	25.38	2.29	27.67	815.58	32.2	25.39	2.25	27.66
Q3 2020	795.04	32.6	24.38	2.69	27.08	809.36	32.4	25.06	2.81	27.83
Q4 2020	847.54	33.1	25.57	2.52	28.09	848.11	32.7	25.57	2.46	28.06
Q1 2021	860.45	32.1	26.84	2.68	29.52	845.46	32.8	26.11	2.65	28.78
Q2 2021	851.14	32.6	26.08	3.83	29.91	850.26	32.7	26.07	2.88	28.95
Q3 2021	838.47	33.1	25.31	3.53	28.84	855.21	32.5	26.05	2.72	28.72
Q4 2021	864.63	32.9	26.29	4.21	30.51	864.98	32.7	26.30	3.23	29.57
Q1 2022	887.17	32.3	27.46	4.23	31.69	869.68	32.8	26.70	3.58	30.30
Q2 2022	873.32	32.6	26.76	4.37	31.12	873.13	32.7	26.74	4.19	30.87
Q3 2022	869.17	33.1	26.23	4.13	30.36	886.24	32.7	26.99	4.29	31.27
Q4 2022	904.69	32.4	27.9	4.61	32.51	904.58	32.5	27.93	4.54	32.49
Q1 2023	926.05	32.4	28.55	4.60	33.15	906.21	32.6	27.74	4.55	32.32
Q2 2023	912.12	32.4	28.19	4.74	32.94	912.40	32.4	28.15	4.69	32.77
Q3 2023	907.10	32.6	27.84	4.66	32.5	924.22	32.5	28.65	4.82	33.48
Q4 2023	927.98	32.6	28.44	5.02	33.47	929.80	32.5	28.48	4.94	33.45
Q1 2024	972.20	32.5	29.96	5.10	35.06	950.39	32.5	29.11	5.05	34.21
Q2 2024	964.54	32.4	29.75	5.39	35.14	965.05	32.5	29.71	5.34	34.94
Q3 2024¹	955.49	32.8	29.14	4.98	34.12	973.99	32.6	29.99	5.15	35.16
¹Preliminary Estimates

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Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	22.10	22.58	23.44	24.25	25.66	26.90	27.02	0.12	0.4	1.36	5.3
F	Construction	21.04	21.25	22.78	23.88	24.91	26.15	26.05	-0.10	-0.4	1.14	4.6
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	18.20	18.34	18.89	19.51	20.67	22.02	21.73	-0.29	-1.3	1.06	5.1
H	Transportation and storage	22.35	20.33	20.76	21.75	22.36	22.79	23.76	0.97	4.3	1.40	6.3
I	Accommodation and food services	13.12	14.91	14.30	14.65	15.54	16.54	16.45	-0.09	-0.5	0.91	5.9
J	Information and communication	28.18	29.28	29.96	33.31	35.41	37.38	37.50	0.12	0.3	2.09	5.9
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	30.12	31.01	31.99	33.12	34.58	36.68	36.10	-0.58	-1.6	1.52	4.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	26.26	25.58	27.87	28.44	30.23	31.35	31.01	-0.34	-1.1	0.78	2.6
N	Administrative and support services	17.72	18.70	19.50	20.12	21.37	22.36	22.47	0.11	0.5	1.10	5.1
O	Public administration and defence	24.86	25.17	26.66	27.25	29.21	30.92	30.58	-0.34	-1.1	1.37	4.7
P	Education	36.72	37.73	38.75	38.63	41.91	42.11	43.90	1.79	4.3	1.99	4.7
Q	Human health and social work	22.43	23.21	23.72	24.46	26.52	27.11	27.11	-	-	0.59	2.2
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.27	17.81	18.89	19.01	20.74	21.71	22.38	0.67	3.1	1.64	7.9
All Sectors		22.49	23.30	24.15	24.93	26.55	27.84	27.77	-0.07	-0.3	1.22	4.6
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		20.67	21.36	22.13	23.16	24.52	25.70	25.62	-0.08	-0.3	1.10	4.5
Public sector³		28.68	29.37	30.89	30.97	33.43	34.99	34.74	-0.25	-0.7	1.31	3.9
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.03	19.32	20.12	21.13	22.98	24.14	23.68	-0.46	-1.9	0.70	3.0
50-250 employees		20.49	21.95	22.20	22.99	23.86	25.26	25.17	-0.09	-0.4	1.31	5.5
Greater than 250 employees		25.36	26.14	27.18	27.79	29.46	30.70	30.70	-	-	1.24	4.2
¹ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings plus the average hourly irregular earnings in Table 5b equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹- Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.90	0.97	1.13	1.12	1.16	2.13	1.30	-0.83	0.14
F	Construction	0.38	0.59	0.45	0.28	0.54	1.00	0.54	-0.46	-
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.95	0.80	0.84	1.00	1.14	1.28	0.74	-0.54	-0.40
H	Transportation and storage	0.89	0.97	1.11	1.24	0.85	1.40	1.01	-0.39	0.16
I	Accommodation and food services	0.25	0.47	0.21	0.28	0.34	0.42	0.39	-0.03	0.05
J	Information and communication	5.23	5.63	5.64	6.74	5.38	6.93	7.36	0.43	1.98
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.87	1.12	1.14	1.43	1.52	2.98	1.26	-1.72	-0.26
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1.36	1.11	1.69	1.66	2.26	2.35	1.77	-0.58	-0.49
N	Administrative and support services	0.98	1.01	1.39	1.26	1.14	1.61	1.35	-0.26	0.21
O	Public administration and defence	1.10	1.26	1.25	1.09	1.12	2.16	1.25	-0.91	0.13
P	Education	0.43	0.23	0.38	0.88	0.52	1.16	0.64	-0.52	0.12
Q	Human health and social work	0.98	0.95	0.87	0.99	0.96	1.36	1.05	-0.31	0.09
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.53	0.30	0.30	0.34	0.81	0.50	0.51	0.01	-0.30
All Sectors		1.04	1.09	1.17	1.30	1.29	1.91	1.38	-0.53	0.09
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1.02	1.09	1.20	1.31	1.34	1.85	1.40	-0.45	0.06
Public sector³		1.13	1.07	1.06	1.28	1.14	2.12	1.30	-0.82	0.16
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.55	0.64	0.60	0.67	1.02	0.80	0.68	-0.12	-0.34
50-250 employees		0.76	0.90	0.90	0.97	0.95	1.78	1.02	-0.76	0.07
Greater than 250 employees		1.46	1.42	1.59	1.78	1.56	2.54	1.84	-0.70	0.28
¹ Average hourly irregular earnings plus the average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings in Table 5a equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	5.22	4.14	4.65	5.02	5.40	6.56	5.77	-0.79	-12.0	0.37	6.9
F	Construction	2.65	1.29	2.00	3.20	3.38	3.70	3.77	0.07	1.9	0.39	11.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	3.04	1.81	2.90	3.08	3.45	4.10	3.81	-0.29	-7.1	0.36	10.4
H	Transportation and storage	3.72	2.71	3.18	3.75	3.96	4.04	4.08	0.04	1.0	0.12	3.0
I	Accommodation and food services	1.44	-5.77	-1.39	1.51	1.75	1.89	1.86	-0.03	-1.6	0.11	6.3
J	Information and communication	7.81	7.86	9.36	9.70	12.34	15.48	13.78	-1.70	-11.0	1.44	11.7
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	7.94	7.57	8.45	8.45	8.96	10.25	9.34	-0.91	-8.9	0.38	4.2
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	4.53	2.93	4.54	5.33	6.24	6.44	6.29	-0.15	-2.3	0.05	0.8
N	Administrative and support services	3.14	1.91	2.75	2.96	3.52	5.68	3.89	-1.79	-31.5	0.37	10.5
O	Public administration and defence	2.47	2.61	2.66	2.86	3.11	3.44	3.33	-0.11	-3.2	0.22	7.1
P	Education	4.03	4.03	3.90	4.51	4.93	5.03	5.15	0.12	2.4	0.22	4.5
Q	Human health and social work	2.66	2.54	2.52	2.89	3.24	3.34	3.40	0.06	1.8	0.16	4.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	2.51	-0.62	1.36	2.92	3.11	3.40	3.47	0.07	2.1	0.36	11.6
All Sectors		3.77	2.69	3.53	4.13	4.66	5.39	4.98	-0.41	-7.6	0.32	6.9
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		3.87	2.42	3.47	4.23	4.82	5.67	5.18	-0.49	-8.6	0.36	7.5
Public sector		3.43	3.55	3.70	3.78	4.12	4.47	4.33	-0.14	-3.1	0.21	5.1
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		2.59	0.18	1.66	2.91	3.55	3.95	3.56	-0.39	-9.9	0.01	0.3
50-250 employees		3.42	2.48	3.08	3.88	4.05	4.68	4.47	-0.21	-4.5	0.42	10.4
Greater than 250 employees		4.63	4.27	4.77	4.91	5.48	6.40	5.85	-0.55	-8.6	0.37	6.8
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹- Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.19	0.18	0.18	0.21	0.22	0.66	0.27	-0.39	0.05
F	Construction	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.17	0.29	0.12	0.18
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.33	0.28	0.31	0.31	0.32	0.61	0.36	-0.25	0.04
H	Transportation and storage	0.11	0.07	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.06	0.09	0.03	-0.01
I	Accommodation and food services	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.04	0.02	-0.02	0.01
J	Information and communication	1.79	2.26	3.39	2.49	4.25	6.92	5.36	-1.56	1.11
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.64	0.59	0.75	0.46	0.46	1.05	0.49	-0.56	0.03
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	0.44	0.24	0.30	0.37	0.32	0.64	0.43	-0.21	0.11
N	Administrative and support services	0.50	0.25	0.23	0.10	0.36	0.45	0.53	0.08	0.17
O	Public administration and defence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	-0.01	-
P	Education	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	-0.01	-0.01
Q	Human health and social work	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	-	-0.01
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.09	0.10	0.13	0.08	0.13	0.14	0.12	-0.02	-0.01
All Sectors		0.27	0.25	0.34	0.28	0.40	0.73	0.50	-0.23	0.10
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.34	0.33	0.44	0.36	0.52	0.95	0.66	-0.29	0.14
Public sector		0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.00	-0.01	-
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.18	0.14	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.19	0.21	0.02	0.07
50-250 employees		0.20	0.27	0.23	0.22	0.30	0.45	0.32	-0.13	0.02
Greater than 250 employees		0.35	0.32	0.49	0.39	0.58	1.11	0.71	-0.40	0.13
¹ Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) are a sub-component of average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a. BIK is considered an income rather than an other labour cost by Eurostat and in Structure of Earnings Statistics.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹- Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	28.22	27.69	29.22	30.39	32.22	35.59	34.09	-1.50	-4.2	1.87	5.8
F	Construction	24.07	23.12	25.23	27.35	28.82	30.85	30.37	-0.48	-1.6	1.55	5.4
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	22.19	20.95	22.63	23.59	25.26	27.41	26.28	-1.13	-4.1	1.02	4.0
H	Transportation and storage	26.96	24.00	25.05	26.75	27.17	28.23	28.85	0.62	2.2	1.68	6.2
I	Accommodation and food services	14.80	9.61	13.13	16.44	17.63	18.85	18.69	-0.16	-0.8	1.06	6.0
J	Information and communication	41.22	42.77	44.96	49.76	53.14	59.78	58.64	-1.14	-1.9	5.50	10.4
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	38.94	39.70	41.58	43.00	45.06	49.91	46.70	-3.21	-6.4	1.64	3.6
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	32.16	29.62	34.10	35.43	38.73	40.14	39.07	-1.07	-2.7	0.34	0.9
N	Administrative and support services	21.85	21.62	23.64	24.34	26.03	29.64	27.71	-1.93	-6.5	1.68	6.5
O	Public administration and defence	28.44	29.04	30.57	31.20	33.45	36.52	35.17	-1.35	-3.7	1.72	5.1
P	Education	41.18	41.99	43.03	44.03	47.36	48.31	49.69	1.38	2.9	2.33	4.9
Q	Human health and social work	26.07	26.70	27.12	28.34	30.71	31.81	31.56	-0.25	-0.8	0.85	2.8
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	20.31	17.49	20.55	22.26	24.66	25.61	26.36	0.75	2.9	1.70	6.9
All Sectors		27.31	27.08	28.84	30.36	32.50	35.14	34.12	-1.02	-2.9	1.62	5.0
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		25.56	24.87	26.80	28.69	30.67	33.21	32.20	-1.01	-3.0	1.53	5.0
Public sector		33.25	33.99	35.64	36.04	38.69	41.57	40.37	-1.20	-2.9	1.68	4.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		22.17	20.14	22.38	24.71	27.54	28.89	27.92	-0.97	-3.4	0.38	1.4
50-250 employees		24.67	25.33	26.19	27.84	28.86	31.72	30.67	-1.05	-3.3	1.81	6.3
Greater than 250 employees		31.45	31.83	33.54	34.48	36.50	39.63	38.39	-1.24	-3.1	1.89	5.2
¹Average hourly total labour costs equal the average hourly earnings in Table 2 plus the average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3
B-E	Industry	232,600	232,300	240,000	246,700	252,000	271,200	263,200	277,700	276,000
F	Construction	91,100	110,300	112,400	108,100	114,300	135,300	135,000	132,000	140,000
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	306,300	304,200	303,200	312,600	314,100	322,000	326,400	321,900	333,700
H	Transportation and storage	69,000	78,200	83,500	81,600	88,000	86,500	90,500	99,100	95,200
I	Accommodation and food services	171,600	187,600	184,200	152,500	184,800	174,900	191,300	190,000	207,500
J	Information and communication	72,200	76,900	82,200	80,800	96,200	104,600	113,400	118,000	117,300
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	93,600	87,600	98,500	104,800	121,900	111,400	115,200	113,600	119,400
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	93,100	95,200	92,900	102,100	118,700	119,900	134,900	147,100	148,500
N	Administrative and support services	91,000	103,200	108,500	88,100	98,200	107,100	106,200	105,400	96,200
O	Public administration and defence	115,800	126,900	140,300	146,300	153,800	164,200	165,800	183,700	186,100
P	Education	147,000	159,900	170,800	174,200	194,300	193,800	204,400	212,800	208,900
Q	Human health and social work	240,700	242,700	256,200	253,800	270,500	295,400	309,200	323,600	323,700
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	53,900	59,500	56,000	53,600	53,000	51,800	54,800	52,000	56,400
All Sectors		1,777,900	1,864,500	1,928,600	1,905,200	2,059,900	2,138,000	2,210,300	2,276,900	2,308,900
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1,385,600	1,464,700	1,521,100	1,497,700	1,641,000	1,699,100	1,769,500	1,818,800	1,857,100
Public sector		392,300	399,800	407,500	407,500	418,900	438,900	440,900	458,100	451,800
¹ It should be noted that the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of estimates of employment.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7b Job vacancies by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7c Job vacancy rate by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8b Average hourly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8c Average weekly paid hours by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8d Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data¹
		Preliminary Q2 2024			Final Q2 2024			Percentage Change
NACE Principal Activity		Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours
		€	€	hours	€	€	hours	€	€	hours
B-E	Industry	1,090.93	29.21	37.4	1,089.50	29.02	37.5	-0.1	-0.7	0.3
F	Construction	1,006.22	27.43	36.7	1,004.40	27.15	37.0	-0.2	-1.0	0.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	716.32	23.14	31.0	715.83	23.31	30.7	-0.1	0.7	-1.0
H	Transportation and storage	917.69	24.22	37.9	920.36	24.19	38.0	0.3	-0.1	0.3
I	Accommodation and food services	451.93	16.88	26.8	446.41	16.96	26.3	-1.2	0.5	-1.9
J	Information and communication	1,660.99	44.38	37.4	1,649.00	44.31	37.2	-0.7	-0.2	-0.5
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,382.19	39.76	34.8	1,389.80	39.66	35.0	0.6	-0.3	0.6
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,149.80	33.87	33.9	1,156.49	33.70	34.3	0.6	-0.5	1.2
N	Administrative and support services	764.39	24.32	31.4	760.21	23.96	31.7	-0.5	-1.5	1.0
O	Public administration and defence	1,165.09	32.88	35.4	1,168.62	33.08	35.3	0.3	0.6	-0.3
P	Education	988.60	42.54	23.2	1,002.32	43.27	23.2	1.4	1.7	0.0
Q	Human health and social work	901.05	28.49	31.6	900.10	28.47	31.6	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	617.41	21.94	28.1	627.03	22.22	28.2	1.6	1.3	0.4
Total		963.17	29.71	32.4	964.54	29.75	32.4	0.1	0.1	0.0
Public/Private Sector
Private sector		900.91	27.52	32.7	903.40	27.55	32.8	0.3	0.1	0.3
Public sector		1,159.97	36.92	31.4	1,159.09	37.10	31.2	-0.1	0.5	-0.6
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		774.16	24.85	31.2	776.04	24.94	31.1	0.2	0.4	-0.3
50-250 employees		882.76	26.91	32.8	890.90	27.04	32.9	0.9	0.5	0.3
Greater than 250 employees		1,093.25	33.18	33.0	1,095.34	33.23	33.0	0.2	0.2	0.0
¹See background notes.

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Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
Civil service	926.60	918.01	948.99	1,004.87	1,058.37	1,102.21	1,106.24	4.03	0.4	47.87	4.5
Defence	873.17	971.23	976.12	991.18	1,038.18	1,054.32	1,032.37	-21.95	-2.1	-5.81	-0.6
Garda Siochana	1,340.20	1,254.37	1,440.70	1,361.12	1,579.28	1,782.49	1,587.54	-194.95	-10.9	8.26	0.5
Education	1,005.68	1,038.12	1,104.12	1,093.92	1,137.73	1,132.09	1,196.58	64.49	5.7	58.85	5.2
Regional bodies	859.37	901.86	873.39	904.94	944.47	1,025.08	986.93	-38.15	-3.7	42.46	4.5
Health	919.34	958.64	1,040.10	1,042.91	1,129.06	1,148.24	1,179.87	31.63	2.8	50.81	4.5
Semi-state	1,040.93	1,051.51	1,060.14	1,118.58	1,157.08	1,235.23	1,220.69	-14.54	-1.2	63.61	5.5
Total public sector	972.65	997.20	1,050.75	1,061.21	1,123.81	1,159.09	1,173.07	13.98	1.2	49.26	4.4
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	962.05	988.17	1,049.30	1,052.64	1,118.69	1,147.47	1,165.69	18.22	1.6	47.00	4.2
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,000.77	1,050.30	1,078.52	1,076.58	1,134.31	1,195.45	1,233.67	38.22	3.2	99.36	8.8
Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,057.57	1,052.00	1,052.06	1,138.12	1,167.56	1,253.81	1,214.26	-39.55	-3.2	46.70	4.0

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Annual change
									%
Civil service	43,500	44,700	44,700	44,800	45,800	50,800	52,100	6,300	13.8
Defence	9,000	8,800	8,900	8,400	8,000	7,800	7,800	- 200	-2.5
Garda Siochana	14,500	14,700	14,700	14,300	14,300	14,400	14,400	100	0.7
Education	111,800	109,000	109,400	108,600	110,000	114,000	108,600	- 1,400	-1.3
Regional bodies	35,100	35,200	35,500	35,600	37,700	38,100	37,100	- 600	-1.6
Health	137,100	138,800	149,300	168,000	163,200	168,800	167,000	3,800	2.3
Semi-state	56,400	56,300	56,400	59,200	61,800	64,200	64,900	3,100	5.0
Total public sector	407,500	407,500	418,900	438,900	440,900	458,100	451,800	10,900	2.5
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	351,100	351,200	362,500	379,700	379,000	393,900	386,900	7,900	2.1
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	14,500	15,000	15,600	16,100	16,500	17,300	17,500	- 2,000	-10.3
Commercial Semi-state bodies	41,900	41,300	40,800	43,100	45,300	46,900	47,500	5,100	12.0
¹ Source: Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey. Public Sector employment includes all those who received a payment which would include both full-time and part-time employees as well as contract workers. Total public sector numbers are also published by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform on a quarterly basis. Those differ in coverage from the estimates in the above table as Department of Public Expenditure and Reform estimates are based on full-time equivalents which will change over time based on both changes in working hours and number of persons employed.

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories¹
	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
Occupation by NACE groups	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change	Annual change
	€	€	€	€	%	%
Managers, professionals and associated professionals
B-E	1,669.17	1,731.61	1,755.59	1,754.99	0.0	1.4
B-N, R-S	1,528.87	1,588.63	1,634.95	1,655.24	1.2	4.2
O-Q	1,302.35	1,389.49	1,456.75	1,430.17	-1.8	2.9
Total (B-S)	1,398.86	1,471.25	1,523.42	1,520.04	-0.2	3.3
Clerical, sales and service employees
B-E	928.41	965.01	1,004.73	991.02	-1.4	2.7
B-N, R-S	643.71	660.23	685.34	714.44	4.2	8.2
O-Q	630.68	696.26	713.35	709.63	-0.5	1.9
Total (B-S)	627.39	661.17	684.49	706.05	3.1	6.8
Production, transport, craft and other manual workers
B-E	831.32	856.74	906.51	906.88	0.0	5.9
B-N, R-S	699.59	730.80	750.54	767.23	2.2	5.0
O-Q	541.95	630.00	674.72	681.70	1.0	8.2
Total (B-S)	655.92	697.11	720.28	735.03	2.0	5.4
¹ These estimates have been generated using a sub sample of EHECS respondents therefore caution is advised when interpreting these results. See background notes.

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter¹
		Employer Response Rate %				Respondent Enterprises	Respondent Enterprises	Employee Response Rate %
NACE Principal Activity		Final Q2 2023	Preliminary Q2 2024	Final Q2 2024	Preliminary Q3 2024	Final Q2 2024	Preliminary Q3 2024	Final Q2 2023	Preliminary Q2 2024	Final Q2 2024	Preliminary Q3 2024
B-E	Industry	60.2	48.0	62.5	53.1	647	546	74.8	56.9	71.0	66.7
F	Construction	42.9	36.0	46.1	34.5	158	116	53.3	44.8	58.4	44.1
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	49.1	45.6	51.5	43.6	604	509	71.1	65.5	70.4	62.8
H	Transportation and storage	43.1	44.7	53.8	45.9	127	107	78.2	63.3	70.3	64.3
I	Accommodation and food services	47.5	45.1	52.9	40.0	453	339	63.6	56.4	65.5	54.3
J	Information and communication	66.4	60.5	72.4	58.0	317	251	82.4	75.2	85.8	76.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	66.8	59.9	71.7	63.2	264	230	84.5	80.5	88.7	82.1
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	53.2	55.8	65.7	50.5	324	248	64.1	63.5	71.8	56.8
N	Administrative and support services	50.9	39.0	49.4	41.5	253	208	64.9	52.6	62.9	53.5
O	Public administration and defence	90.5	80.4	87.7	81.0	121	111	88.7	84.2	95.2	93.3
P	Education	63.3	56.8	61.6	49.7	114	91	93.4	77.8	91.0	81.6
Q	Human health and social work	61.8	55.3	62.5	53.6	476	404	70.3	61.9	71.0	60.0
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	61.0	61.3	69.8	58.0	194	159	68.5	65.4	78.4	60.3
Total		55.6	50.1	59.4	49.2	4,052	3,319	75.9	66.9	76.9	68.9
¹This table presents the response rates achieved by sector. Greater caution should be taken in the interpretation of estimates for sectors with lower response rates as these sectors could be subject to greater revisions if response levels are increased for final estimates.

Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2024 (Final) Q3 2024 (Preliminary Estimates)