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Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2024 (Final) Q2 2024 (Preliminary Estimates)

Average weekly earnings up 5.6% in the 12 months to Q2 2024

Online ISSN: 2009-5023

CSO statistical publication, 27 August 2024, 11am

Key Findings

Average weekly earnings were €963.17 in Quarter 2 (Q2) 2024, up 5.6% from €911.74 in Q2 2023.
Average hourly earnings rose by 5.4% to €29.71 in Q2 2024, from €28.19 in Q2 2023.
Average weekly paid hours were 32.4 in Q2 2024, up by 0.3% from the Q2 2023 hours of 32.3.
The job vacancy rate at the end of Q2 2024 was 1.1%, lower than the 1.3% recorded at the end of Q2 2023 and remained unchanged from the end of Q1 2024.
Average hourly other labour costs grew by 10.1% to €5.22 in Q2 2024, from €4.74 in Q2 2023.
The highest averages for hourly total labour costs in Q2 2024 were €59.64 in Information & Communication, and €50.10 in Financial & Real Estate.
The Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector had the highest job vacancy rate at 2.2% in Q2 2024, followed by 1.8% in the Transportation & Storage sector.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (27 August 2024) issued Earnings and Labour costs results with Preliminary estimates for Quarter 2 (Q2) 2024 and Final estimates for Q1 2024.

Commenting on the data, Louise Egan, Statistician in the Earnings Analysis Division, said: “Preliminary estimates for April, May, and June (Q2) 2024 show average weekly earnings were €963.17, up 5.6% or by €51.43 compared with Q2 2023.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings rose across all 13 sectors in the year to Q2 2024. The largest annual percentage increase in average weekly earnings in Q2 2024 was 11.8% in the Construction sector.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 5.4% to €29.71, while average weekly paid hours increased by 0.3% to 32.4 in Q2 2024 from 32.3 in Q2 2023. Over the five years from Q2 2019 to Q2 2024, average hourly earnings went up by 25.4% from €23.69 to €29.71.

Labour Costs

Average hourly other labour costs rose by 10.1% across all economic sectors to €5.22 in Q2 2024 from €4.74 in Q2 2023, while average hourly total labour costs grew by 6.1% in the same period.

The sector with the highest average hourly total labour costs in Q2 2024 was the Information & Communication sector at €59.64. The lowest average total labour costs were in the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, which recorded a rate of €18.76.

Job Vacancy Rate

The job vacancy rate in Q2 2024, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was 1.1%, which was unchanged from the end of Q1 2024 and down from 1.3% at the end of Q2 2023."

Preliminary Estimates Q2 2024

Headline Table: Earnings, Hours and Labour Costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
	Average Weekly Earnings	Average Hourly Earnings	Average Hourly Total Labour Costs	Average Weekly Paid Hours
	€	€	€	Hours
	Unadjusted
Q2 2023	911.74	28.19	32.93	32.3
Q2 2024	963.17	29.71	34.93	32.4
Annual % change	5.6	5.4	6.1	0.3
	Seasonally Adjusted
Q1 2024	949.63	29.07	34.19	32.5
Q2 2024	963.13	29.64	34.80	32.5
Quarterly % change	1.4	2.0	1.8	0.0

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2024 HLT (XLS 10KB)

Editor's Note

While there is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the public/private sector wage gap, the CSO has published analysis of the differential using a matched Labour Force Survey and PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) dataset for 2019-2022. This analysis took account of compositional differences between the public and private sector, such as occupational mix, sectors of activity, gender balance, union membership, etc. The public sector pay gap in 2022 was estimated to range from -6.6% to +0.9% depending on the specification applied and the treatment of the additional superannuation contribution.

For the most recent analysis, see Econometric Analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential 2022. Previous analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential is available here.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings were €963.17 in Q2 2024, an increase of 5.6% when compared with €911.74 from one year earlier, according to preliminary estimates of the Earnings and Labour Costs quarterly release.

The largest annual percentage increase in Q2 2024 in average weekly earnings was 11.8% in the Construction sector, rising from €900.39 to €1,006.22. The second largest increase was 7.0% in the Administrative & Support Services sector which rose from €714.50 to €764.39 over the year.

In the five years to Q2 2024, average weekly earnings rose by 24.9%. All sectors saw increases in average weekly earnings over this period.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 5.4% to €29.71 in Q2 2024, while average weekly paid hours rose from 32.3 in Q2 2023 to 32.4 in Q2 2024. Over the five years from Q2 2019 to Q2 2024, average hourly earnings rose by 25.4% from €23.69 to €29.71, while average paid hours decreased 0.6% from 32.6 to 32.4 hours.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	38.5867570003004
Construction	27.466430200152
All sectors	24.8616134510429
Admin & support service	24.2870150564209
Arts & entertainment	23.8784109149278
Accommodation & food	23.4882640653605
Industry	21.4086983618234
Wholesale & retail	20.7084239084644
Professional & technical	20.6581736520662
Health & social	20.2009017902404
Financial & real estate	19.995311970969
Public admin & defence	19.7912811022003
Education	15.928093155247
Transportation	8.41888874449159

#REF!

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q217	22.27	22.31
Q317	22.16	22.67
Q417	22.6	22.61
Q118	23.4	22.82
Q218	22.94	22.97
Q318	22.62	23.18
Q418	23.31	23.33
Q119	24.05	23.42
Q219	23.69	23.72
Q319	23.54	24.18
Q419	24.23	24.24
Q120	24.76	24.08
Q220	25.38	25.4
Q320	24.38	25.08
Q420	25.57	25.58
Q121	26.84	26.08
Q221	26.08	26.07
Q321	25.31	26.09
Q421	26.29	26.29
Q122	27.46	26.66
Q222	26.76	26.73
Q322	26.22	27.06
Q422	27.89	27.9
Q123	28.54	27.7
Q223	28.19	28.14
Q323	27.83	28.76
Q423	28.43	28.43
Q124	29.95	29.07
Q224	29.71	29.64

	Q2 2023	Q2 2024
Industry	27.49	29.21
Construction	24.62	27.43
Wholesale & retail	22.23	23.14
Transportation	24.36	24.22
Accommodation & food	15.93	16.88
Information & communication	41.61	44.38
Financial & real estate	38.28	39.76
Professional & technical	32.43	33.87
Admin & support service	22.64	24.32
Public admin & defence	31.13	32.88
Education	40.8	42.54
Health & social	27.41	28.49
Arts & entertainment	21.53	21.94
All sectors	28.19	29.71

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q217	32.4	32.4
Q317	32.4	32.3
Q417	32.4	32.2
Q118	31.8	32.3
Q218	32.5	32.5
Q318	32.8	32.5
Q418	32.4	32.4
Q119	32.1	32.4
Q219	32.6	32.6
Q319	32.7	32.5
Q419	32.4	32.4
Q120	32.3	32.3
Q220	32.2	32.2
Q320	32.6	32.4
Q420	33.1	32.7
Q121	32.1	32.8
Q221	32.6	32.6
Q321	33.1	32.5
Q421	32.9	32.7
Q122	32.3	32.8
Q222	32.6	32.7
Q322	33.1	32.7
Q422	32.4	32.5
Q123	32.4	32.6
Q223	32.3	32.4
Q323	32.6	32.5
Q423	32.6	32.5
Q124	32.5	32.5
Q224	32.4	32.5

Total Labour Costs

Average hourly total labour costs were €34.93 across all economic sectors in Q2 2024. Information & Communication had the highest average hourly total labour costs at €59.64, followed by € 50.10 in the Financial & Real Estate Activities sector.

The sectors with the lowest cost of employing labour were Accommodation & Food Services Activities at €18.76 and Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities at €25.24.

Average hourly total labour costs increased by 27.0% over the five years to Q2 2024, from €27.50 per hour to €34.93.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	51.025576095214
Admin & support services	33.0352941176471
Construction	29.3211162015827
Accommodation & food	27.2727272727273
All sectors	27.0181818181818
Public admin & defence	25.9401114206128
Arts & entertainment	24.8269040553907
Professional & technical	24.4218316373728
Industry	23.9902506963788
Wholesale & retail	20.2301903497123
Health & social	20.166163141994
Financial & real estate	19.7991391678623
Education	18.6516853932584
Transportation	0.896057347670243

Public Sector

Average weekly earnings increased by 4.9% across the public sector in the year to Q2 2024, rising from €1,105.67 to €1,159.97.

The Public Sector Pay Agreement 2024-2026 introduced an increase in the annualised basic salaries for public servants of 2.25%, which was backdated to 1 January 2024. Payments to public servants in Q2 2024 included some or all backdated pay, which impacts the annual percentage change of average weekly and hourly earnings.

An Garda Síochána had the highest average weekly earnings and average weekly paid hours in Q2 2024 in the public sector at €1,782.49 and 43.2 hours respectively. The highest average hourly earnings in this period were €48.59 in the Education sector.

FALSE

	Q2 2023	Q2 2024
Civil service	1067.75	1120.69
Defence	928.41	977.52
Garda Siochana	1732.43	1782.49
Education	1088.43	1124.35
Regional bodies	965.3	1025.27
Health	1091.51	1160.25
Semi-state	1169.67	1231.73
All public sector	1105.67	1159.97

	Q2 2023	Q2 2024
Civil service	45300	50800
Defence	9500	9900
Garda Siochana	14300	14400
Education	113400	112500
Regional bodies	37200	38000
Health	163800	168700
Semi-state	60500	64600

Job Vacancies

The job vacancy rate in Q2 2024, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was down at 1.1% from 1.3% in Q2 2023. It remained unchanged at 1.1% recorded at the end of Q1 2024.

The highest job vacancy rates in Q1 2024 were 2.2% in the Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities sector, followed by 1.8% in the Transportation & Storage sector.

There were 26,400 job vacancies, (rounded to the nearest 100), at the end of Q2 2024, down by 2,000 from the end of Q2 2023.

X-axis label	Job Vacancy Rate
Q217	1.1
Q317	1.1
Q417	1
Q118	1
Q218	1.2
Q318	1
Q418	0.9
Q119	1.2
Q219	1.1
Q319	0.9
Q419	0.9
Q120	0.8
Q220	0.7
Q320	0.8
Q420	0.9
Q121	1
Q221	1.2
Q321	1.5
Q421	1.4
Q122	1.6
Q222	1.6
Q322	1.6
Q422	1.3
Q123	1.4
Q223	1.3
Q323	1.2
Q423	1.1
Q124	1.1
Q224	1.1

Tables

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	898.56	900.63	942.47	992.78	1,043.02	1,174.85	1,090.93	-83.92	-7.1	47.91	4.6
F	Construction	789.40	769.12	834.24	921.09	900.39	967.15	1,006.22	39.07	4.0	105.83	11.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	593.43	600.41	634.07	665.40	673.53	695.98	716.32	20.34	2.9	42.79	6.4
H	Transportation and storage	846.43	807.64	794.61	872.76	890.41	861.57	917.69	56.12	6.5	27.28	3.1
I	Accommodation and food services	365.97	406.41	377.67	408.28	432.25	441.28	451.93	10.65	2.4	19.68	4.6
J	Information and communication	1,198.52	1,267.26	1,299.98	1,448.06	1,554.55	1,768.86	1,660.99	-107.87	-6.1	106.44	6.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,151.87	1,162.50	1,219.39	1,247.91	1,336.37	1,522.88	1,382.19	-140.69	-9.2	45.82	3.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	952.94	921.64	1,028.22	1,074.57	1,118.99	1,157.39	1,149.80	-7.59	-0.7	30.81	2.8
N	Administrative and support services	615.02	610.42	694.92	691.82	714.50	770.52	764.39	-6.13	-0.8	49.89	7.0
O	Public administration and defence	972.60	998.27	1,023.15	1,019.96	1,112.23	1,121.07	1,165.09	44.02	3.9	52.86	4.8
P	Education	852.77	886.39	929.30	914.35	946.03	999.53	988.60	-10.93	-1.1	42.57	4.5
Q	Human health and social work	749.62	763.16	783.19	812.33	858.30	901.55	901.05	-0.50	-0.1	42.75	5.0
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	498.40	582.41	557.09	592.42	608.72	641.04	617.41	-23.63	-3.7	8.69	1.4
All Sectors		771.39	817.34	851.28	873.08	911.74	971.75	963.17	-8.58	-0.9	51.43	5.6
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		710.54	753.03	791.37	820.92	853.04	918.41	900.91	-17.50	-1.9	47.87	5.6
Public sector²		979.94	1,008.74	1,030.83	1,043.99	1,105.67	1,148.07	1,159.97	11.90	1.0	54.30	4.9
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		610.46	646.80	675.26	693.98	730.85	758.96	774.16	15.20	2.0	43.31	5.9
50-250 employees		715.24	740.18	805.72	826.41	850.09	900.41	882.76	-17.65	-2.0	32.67	3.8
Greater than 250 employees		903.24	936.18	970.70	990.33	1,041.60	1,118.02	1,093.25	-24.77	-2.2	51.65	5.0
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8a.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2024 Table 1 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	23.38	24.76	24.80	25.93	27.49	30.92	29.21	-1.71	-5.5	1.72	6.3
F	Construction	21.42	21.08	22.49	24.60	24.62	26.35	27.43	1.08	4.1	2.81	11.4
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	19.36	19.95	20.46	21.64	22.23	23.41	23.14	-0.27	-1.2	0.91	4.1
H	Transportation and storage	23.84	22.90	22.50	23.58	24.36	23.67	24.22	0.55	2.3	-0.14	-0.6
I	Accommodation and food services	13.29	15.70	15.63	15.08	15.93	16.97	16.88	-0.09	-0.5	0.95	6.0
J	Information and communication	32.13	34.28	34.68	38.79	41.61	47.09	44.38	-2.71	-5.8	2.77	6.7
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	33.16	33.76	35.17	35.63	38.28	43.64	39.76	-3.88	-8.9	1.48	3.9
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	27.94	27.15	29.48	31.37	32.43	33.53	33.87	0.34	1.0	1.44	4.4
N	Administrative and support services	18.40	20.13	22.03	21.53	22.64	24.21	24.32	0.11	0.5	1.68	7.4
O	Public administration and defence	26.29	27.04	28.44	28.97	31.13	30.97	32.88	1.91	6.2	1.75	5.6
P	Education	36.16	36.50	37.84	38.82	40.80	41.03	42.54	1.51	3.7	1.74	4.3
Q	Human health and social work	23.75	24.05	24.30	25.39	27.41	27.83	28.49	0.66	2.4	1.08	3.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.61	19.92	19.92	20.20	21.53	22.80	21.94	-0.86	-3.8	0.41	1.9
All Sectors		23.69	25.38	26.08	26.76	28.19	29.95	29.71	-0.24	-0.8	1.52	5.4
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		21.86	23.46	24.21	25.00	26.22	28.33	27.52	-0.81	-2.9	1.30	5.0
Public sector²		29.90	31.04	31.73	32.67	34.88	35.25	36.92	1.67	4.7	2.04	5.8
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.87	21.03	21.64	22.40	23.77	24.70	24.85	0.15	0.6	1.08	4.5
50-250 employees		21.74	23.22	24.45	24.77	25.70	27.83	26.91	-0.92	-3.3	1.21	4.7
Greater than 250 employees		26.79	28.28	29.08	29.74	31.54	33.41	33.18	-0.23	-0.7	1.64	5.2
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average hourly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8b.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2024 Table 2 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	%	hours	%
B-E	Industry	38.4	36.4	38.0	38.3	37.9	38.0	37.4	-0.6	-1.6	-0.5	-1.3
F	Construction	36.9	36.5	37.1	37.4	36.6	36.7	36.7	-	-	0.1	0.3
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	30.6	30.1	31.0	30.8	30.3	29.7	31.0	1.3	4.4	0.7	2.3
H	Transportation and storage	35.5	35.3	35.3	37.0	36.5	36.4	37.9	1.5	4.1	1.4	3.8
I	Accommodation and food services	27.5	25.9	24.2	27.1	27.1	26.0	26.8	0.8	3.1	-0.3	-1.1
J	Information and communication	37.3	37.0	37.5	37.3	37.4	37.6	37.4	-0.2	-0.5	-	-
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	34.7	34.4	34.7	35.0	34.9	34.9	34.8	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.3
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	34.1	33.9	34.9	34.3	34.5	34.5	33.9	-0.6	-1.7	-0.6	-1.7
N	Administrative and support services	33.4	30.3	31.5	32.1	31.6	31.8	31.4	-0.4	-1.3	-0.2	-0.6
O	Public administration and defence	37.0	36.9	36.0	35.2	35.7	36.2	35.4	-0.8	-2.2	-0.3	-0.8
P	Education	23.6	24.3	24.6	23.6	23.2	24.4	23.2	-1.2	-4.9	-	-
Q	Human health and social work	31.6	31.7	32.2	32.0	31.3	32.4	31.6	-0.8	-2.5	0.3	1.0
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	28.3	29.2	28.0	29.3	28.3	28.1	28.1	-	-	-0.2	-0.7
All Sectors		32.6	32.2	32.6	32.6	32.3	32.5	32.4	-0.1	-0.3	0.1	0.3
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		32.5	32.1	32.7	32.8	32.5	32.4	32.7	0.3	0.9	0.2	0.6
Public sector²		32.8	32.5	32.5	32.0	31.7	32.6	31.4	-1.2	-3.7	-0.3	-0.9
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		30.7	30.8	31.2	31.0	30.7	30.7	31.2	0.5	1.6	0.5	1.6
50-250 employees		32.9	31.9	33.0	33.4	33.1	32.4	32.8	0.4	1.2	-0.3	-0.9
Greater than 250 employees		33.7	33.1	33.4	33.3	33.0	33.5	33.0	-0.5	-1.5	-	-
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
²Average weekly paid hours by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8c.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2024 Table 3 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by quarter

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by other characteristics and quarter
	Unadjusted Series					Seasonally Adjusted Series
Quarter	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs
Q1 2008	704.60	32.7	21.56	3.51	25.07	707.37	32.8	21.33	3.52	24.83
Q2 2008	705.28	32.8	21.50	3.40	24.90	708.59	32.8	21.54	3.41	25.00
Q3 2008	696.11	32.8	21.20	3.41	24.61	701.52	32.6	21.50	3.50	25.06
Q4 2008	721.89	32.5	22.24	3.60	25.84	710.25	32.4	22.13	3.50	25.54
Q1 2009	709.55	31.6	22.44	3.59	26.03	712.60	32.0	22.20	3.60	25.78
Q2 2009	700.75	31.9	22.00	3.64	25.64	704.06	31.9	22.05	3.65	25.74
Q3 2009	698.47	31.9	21.88	3.49	25.37	702.79	31.8	22.19	3.58	25.83
Q4 2009	721.28	32.1	22.50	3.66	26.16	711.06	31.6	22.40	3.55	25.87
Q1 2010	689.32	31.0	22.21	3.36	25.58	692.07	31.8	21.96	3.36	25.32
Q2 2010	696.90	31.6	22.03	3.30	25.33	699.93	31.6	22.07	3.31	25.42
Q3 2010	700.23	32.2	21.78	3.14	24.91	703.13	31.7	22.09	3.23	25.35
Q4 2010	704.11	31.8	22.14	3.27	25.41	696.76	31.5	22.06	3.16	25.16
Q1 2011	684.87	30.9	22.18	3.13	25.31	686.65	31.5	21.91	3.13	25.04
Q2 2011	687.49	31.4	21.90	3.14	25.04	689.29	31.4	21.93	3.16	25.11
Q3 2011	686.59	31.8	21.57	3.08	24.65	689.26	31.4	21.89	3.18	25.09
Q4 2011	696.84	31.6	22.06	3.29	25.35	692.60	31.6	22.01	3.18	25.13
Q1 2012	698.71	31.4	22.25	3.25	25.50	698.25	31.5	21.95	3.24	25.20
Q2 2012	691.62	31.5	21.96	3.28	25.24	692.24	31.5	21.98	3.30	25.30
Q3 2012	692.13	31.7	21.82	3.31	25.12	696.14	31.4	22.17	3.41	25.59
Q4 2012	691.84	31.6	21.90	3.59	25.49	689.48	31.5	21.88	3.48	25.31
Q1 2013	693.21	31.2	22.24	3.46	25.70	690.65	31.6	21.89	3.45	25.35
Q2 2013	695.65	31.6	22.02	3.32	25.34	694.83	31.6	22.03	3.34	25.39
Q3 2013	682.79	31.7	21.53	3.23	24.77	689.45	31.6	21.90	3.33	25.25
Q4 2013	694.03	31.7	21.89	3.73	25.62	691.84	31.6	21.89	3.63	25.47
Q1 2014	699.67	31.3	22.37	3.41	25.78	695.11	31.7	21.97	3.39	25.38
Q2 2014	694.08	31.8	21.81	3.38	25.19	693.31	31.8	21.82	3.40	25.23
Q3 2014	676.58	31.9	21.20	3.27	24.47	684.91	31.7	21.59	3.36	24.97
Q4 2014	702.07	31.8	22.05	3.51	25.56	699.23	31.7	22.06	3.42	25.44
Q1 2015	701.11	31.4	22.30	3.46	25.76	695.64	31.8	21.85	3.44	25.31
Q2 2015	699.22	32.0	21.86	3.45	25.31	698.82	32.0	21.88	3.46	25.36
Q3 2015	692.79	32.2	21.50	3.35	24.84	702.05	32.1	21.93	3.44	25.36
Q4 2015	711.23	32.5	21.91	3.46	25.37	708.09	32.1	21.92	3.38	25.28
Q1 2016	714.26	31.7	22.55	3.51	26.06	707.89	31.8	22.06	3.50	25.57
Q2 2016	706.33	32.1	21.97	3.48	25.45	706.80	32.1	22.00	3.48	25.50
Q3 2016	702.97	32.6	21.56	3.47	25.04	711.72	32.2	22.02	3.56	25.58
Q4 2016	717.52	32.4	22.18	3.58	25.76	715.15	32.4	22.19	3.51	25.69
Q1 2017	725.12	32.0	22.69	3.53	26.22	718.15	32.3	22.16	3.52	25.69
Q2 2017	720.52	32.4	22.27	3.59	25.86	720.90	32.4	22.31	3.58	25.91
Q3 2017	717.55	32.4	22.16	3.50	25.65	726.12	32.3	22.67	3.59	26.22
Q4 2017	731.86	32.4	22.60	3.70	26.31	730.83	32.2	22.61	3.64	26.26
Q1 2018	744.56	31.8	23.40	3.65	27.05	736.57	32.3	22.82	3.64	26.47
Q2 2018	745.03	32.5	22.94	3.63	26.56	744.60	32.5	22.97	3.61	26.60
Q3 2018	742.71	32.8	22.62	3.50	26.12	752.16	32.5	23.18	3.59	26.73
Q4 2018	755.99	32.4	23.31	3.66	26.97	756.31	32.4	23.33	3.60	26.93
Q1 2019	771.43	32.1	24.05	3.69	27.74	761.73	32.4	23.42	3.68	27.10
Q2 2019	771.39	32.6	23.69	3.81	27.50	770.00	32.6	23.72	3.78	27.53
Q3 2019	769.09	32.7	23.54	3.77	27.31	780.67	32.5	24.18	3.88	28.00
Q4 2019	786.36	32.4	24.23	3.96	28.20	787.31	32.4	24.24	3.90	28.16
Q1 2020	799.96	32.3	24.76	3.86	28.61	787.90	32.3	24.08	3.84	27.92
Q2 2020	817.34	32.2	25.38	2.29	27.67	815.57	32.2	25.40	2.25	27.67
Q3 2020	795.04	32.6	24.38	2.69	27.08	809.45	32.4	25.08	2.81	27.82
Q4 2020	847.54	33.1	25.57	2.52	28.09	848.12	32.7	25.58	2.46	28.06
Q1 2021	860.45	32.1	26.84	2.68	29.52	845.34	32.8	26.08	2.66	28.79
Q2 2021	851.28	32.6	26.08	2.92	29.00	850.24	32.6	26.07	2.88	28.97
Q3 2021	838.62	33.1	25.31	2.58	27.90	855.36	32.5	26.09	2.71	28.70
Q4 2021	864.75	32.9	26.29	3.30	29.59	865.08	32.7	26.29	3.23	29.57
Q1 2022	886.90	32.3	27.46	3.62	31.08	869.45	32.8	26.66	3.59	30.30
Q2 2022	873.08	32.6	26.76	4.23	30.98	872.85	32.7	26.73	4.19	30.91
Q3 2022	868.70	33.1	26.22	4.13	30.35	886.86	32.7	27.06	4.28	31.23
Q4 2022	903.92	32.4	27.89	4.61	32.49	904.64	32.5	27.90	4.54	32.49
Q1 2023	925.44	32.4	28.54	4.60	33.14	905.70	32.6	27.70	4.57	32.32
Q2 2023	911.74	32.3	28.19	4.74	32.93	911.98	32.4	28.14	4.70	32.83
Q3 2023	906.55	32.6	27.83	4.65	32.48	925.38	32.5	28.76	4.80	33.44
Q4 2023	927.50	32.6	28.43	5.02	33.45	929.77	32.5	28.43	4.94	33.45
Q1 2024	971.75	32.5	29.95	5.10	35.04	949.63	32.5	29.07	5.07	34.19
Q2 2024¹	963.17	32.4	29.71	5.22	34.93	963.13	32.5	29.64	5.18	34.80
¹Preliminary Estimates

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Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	22.14	23.11	23.42	24.04	25.65	26.41	27.07	0.66	2.5	1.42	5.5
F	Construction	20.84	20.82	22.19	24.16	23.96	25.95	26.51	0.56	2.2	2.55	10.6
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	18.18	18.79	19.03	20.02	20.67	21.52	21.91	0.39	1.8	1.24	6.0
H	Transportation and storage	22.47	21.34	21.21	21.56	22.68	22.73	22.82	0.09	0.4	0.14	0.6
I	Accommodation and food services	13.05	15.33	15.37	14.80	15.45	16.41	16.47	0.06	0.4	1.02	6.6
J	Information and communication	27.76	29.20	30.54	33.51	35.39	37.14	37.19	0.05	0.1	1.80	5.1
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	30.48	31.61	33.03	33.50	35.39	35.60	36.79	1.19	3.3	1.40	4.0
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	25.99	25.58	27.20	28.96	30.06	30.55	31.52	0.97	3.2	1.46	4.9
N	Administrative and support services	17.35	18.84	19.81	19.81	21.32	21.78	22.71	0.93	4.3	1.39	6.5
O	Public administration and defence	24.84	25.47	26.85	27.28	29.42	29.70	30.88	1.18	4.0	1.46	5.0
P	Education	35.76	36.30	37.44	38.41	40.50	40.76	41.59	0.83	2.0	1.09	2.7
Q	Human health and social work	22.46	23.09	23.45	24.05	26.22	26.83	27.20	0.37	1.4	0.98	3.7
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.11	19.31	19.45	19.73	20.98	20.97	21.44	0.47	2.2	0.46	2.2
All Sectors		22.38	23.97	24.66	25.10	26.48	27.31	27.84	0.53	1.9	1.36	5.1
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		20.60	21.99	22.71	23.35	24.44	25.30	25.69	0.39	1.5	1.25	5.1
Public sector³		28.42	29.79	30.56	31.01	33.37	33.94	34.94	1.00	2.9	1.57	4.7
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.03	20.26	20.76	21.56	22.67	23.43	24.15	0.72	3.1	1.48	6.5
50-250 employees		20.54	21.90	22.81	23.09	24.04	25.14	25.18	0.04	0.2	1.14	4.7
Greater than 250 employees		25.14	26.52	27.43	27.67	29.46	30.10	30.67	0.57	1.9	1.21	4.1
¹ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings plus the average hourly irregular earnings in Table 5b equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	1.24	1.64	1.38	1.89	1.85	4.51	2.13	-2.38	0.28
F	Construction	0.58	0.26	0.31	0.44	0.66	0.40	0.92	0.52	0.26
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	1.19	1.16	1.43	1.61	1.56	1.89	1.23	-0.66	-0.33
H	Transportation and storage	1.37	1.56	1.29	2.02	1.68	0.94	1.40	0.46	-0.28
I	Accommodation and food services	0.25	0.37	0.27	0.28	0.47	0.56	0.41	-0.15	-0.06
J	Information and communication	4.37	5.07	4.14	5.28	6.22	9.95	7.19	-2.76	0.97
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	2.68	2.15	2.15	2.12	2.89	8.04	2.97	-5.07	0.08
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1.95	1.57	2.28	2.42	2.37	2.99	2.35	-0.64	-0.02
N	Administrative and support services	1.05	1.29	2.22	1.71	1.31	2.43	1.60	-0.83	0.29
O	Public administration and defence	1.44	1.57	1.59	1.70	1.71	1.27	2.01	0.74	0.30
P	Education	0.40	0.20	0.40	0.41	0.31	0.26	0.95	0.69	0.64
Q	Human health and social work	1.29	0.96	0.85	1.34	1.19	1.01	1.30	0.29	0.11
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.50	0.61	0.47	0.47	0.55	1.83	0.50	-1.33	-0.05
All Sectors		1.31	1.41	1.42	1.66	1.71	2.63	1.87	-0.76	0.16
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1.26	1.46	1.50	1.66	1.77	3.03	1.83	-1.20	0.06
Public sector³		1.48	1.24	1.17	1.66	1.50	1.31	1.98	0.67	0.48
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.85	0.77	0.88	0.84	1.10	1.27	0.70	-0.57	-0.40
50-250 employees		1.20	1.31	1.64	1.68	1.66	2.69	1.74	-0.95	0.08
Greater than 250 employees		1.65	1.76	1.65	2.08	2.07	3.31	2.51	-0.80	0.44
¹ Average hourly irregular earnings plus the average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings in Table 5a equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	5.34	3.44	4.64	5.57	6.02	6.46	6.40	-0.06	-0.9	0.38	6.3
F	Construction	2.59	-0.66	-0.23	3.17	3.65	3.59	3.62	0.03	0.8	-0.03	-0.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	3.22	0.72	1.70	3.59	3.65	3.99	4.02	0.03	0.8	0.37	10.1
H	Transportation and storage	4.06	1.08	0.94	3.63	3.95	4.11	3.93	-0.18	-4.4	-0.02	-0.5
I	Accommodation and food services	1.45	-5.79	-8.14	-0.10	1.69	1.88	1.88	-	-	0.19	11.2
J	Information and communication	7.37	7.25	9.48	9.97	11.21	12.84	15.26	2.42	18.8	4.05	36.1
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	8.66	8.20	9.64	8.89	9.57	10.74	10.34	-0.40	-3.7	0.77	8.0
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	4.49	1.89	3.82	5.45	5.73	6.49	6.48	-0.01	-0.2	0.75	13.1
N	Administrative and support services	2.85	1.06	2.47	2.81	4.02	3.79	3.96	0.17	4.5	-0.06	-1.5
O	Public administration and defence	2.44	2.64	2.77	2.88	3.13	3.14	3.28	0.14	4.5	0.15	4.8
P	Education	3.89	3.33	3.29	4.31	4.76	4.73	4.98	0.25	5.3	0.22	4.6
Q	Human health and social work	2.73	2.18	2.31	2.86	3.25	3.25	3.32	0.07	2.2	0.07	2.2
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	2.61	-1.37	-1.44	2.48	3.08	4.36	3.30	-1.06	-24.3	0.22	7.1
All Sectors		3.81	2.29	2.92	4.23	4.74	5.10	5.22	0.12	2.4	0.48	10.1
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		3.92	1.87	2.72	4.35	4.93	5.37	5.47	0.10	1.9	0.54	11.0
Public sector		3.44	3.52	3.51	3.82	4.10	4.19	4.40	0.21	5.0	0.30	7.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		2.63	-0.51	-0.42	2.79	3.42	3.70	3.56	-0.14	-3.8	0.14	4.1
50-250 employees		3.55	0.99	2.39	3.67	4.37	4.78	4.62	-0.16	-3.3	0.25	5.7
Greater than 250 employees		4.64	4.13	4.94	5.17	5.60	5.94	6.27	0.33	5.6	0.67	12.0
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.49	0.62	0.59	0.63	0.63	0.60	0.55	-0.05	-0.08
F	Construction	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.17	0.24	0.11	-0.13	-0.06
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.50	0.57	0.61	0.64	0.48	0.32	0.60	0.28	0.12
H	Transportation and storage	0.14	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.21	0.05	-0.16	-0.03
I	Accommodation and food services	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.01	-
J	Information and communication	1.61	1.72	3.71	3.02	3.39	4.06	6.63	2.57	3.24
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.83	1.09	0.79	0.56	0.66	1.05	1.00	-0.05	0.34
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	0.41	0.49	0.45	0.48	0.38	0.67	0.66	-0.01	0.28
N	Administrative and support services	0.32	0.19	0.80	0.15	0.78	0.46	0.55	0.09	-0.23
O	Public administration and defence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01
P	Education	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	-	-0.01
Q	Human health and social work	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	-
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.08	0.14	0.10	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.14	0.02	0.02
All Sectors		0.32	0.40	0.51	0.44	0.47	0.52	0.69	0.17	0.22
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.41	0.53	0.67	0.57	0.61	0.67	0.89	0.22	0.28
Public sector		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	-	-
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.17	0.20	0.19	0.18	0.16	0.20	0.17	-0.03	0.01
50-250 employees		0.23	0.30	0.27	0.20	0.39	0.50	0.42	-0.08	0.03
Greater than 250 employees		0.45	0.53	0.76	0.67	0.67	0.68	1.04	0.36	0.37
¹ Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) are a sub-component of average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a. BIK is considered an income rather than an other labour cost by Eurostat and in Structure of Earnings Statistics.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	28.72	28.20	29.43	31.50	33.52	37.38	35.61	-1.77	-4.7	2.09	6.2
F	Construction	24.01	20.42	22.27	27.78	28.27	29.94	31.05	1.11	3.7	2.78	9.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	22.59	20.67	22.17	25.22	25.88	27.39	27.16	-0.23	-0.8	1.28	4.9
H	Transportation and storage	27.90	23.98	23.44	27.21	28.31	27.78	28.15	0.37	1.3	-0.16	-0.6
I	Accommodation and food services	14.74	9.91	7.49	14.98	17.62	18.85	18.76	-0.09	-0.5	1.14	6.5
J	Information and communication	39.49	41.53	44.17	48.76	52.83	59.93	59.64	-0.29	-0.5	6.81	12.9
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	41.82	41.96	44.82	44.51	47.85	54.38	50.10	-4.28	-7.9	2.25	4.7
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	32.43	29.04	33.30	36.83	38.16	40.03	40.35	0.32	0.8	2.19	5.7
N	Administrative and support services	21.25	21.19	24.50	24.34	26.66	28.00	28.27	0.27	1.0	1.61	6.0
O	Public administration and defence	28.72	29.68	31.21	31.85	34.26	34.11	36.17	2.06	6.0	1.91	5.6
P	Education	40.05	39.83	41.13	43.13	45.57	45.76	47.52	1.76	3.8	1.95	4.3
Q	Human health and social work	26.48	26.23	26.61	28.25	30.66	31.09	31.82	0.73	2.3	1.16	3.8
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	20.22	18.55	18.49	22.68	24.61	27.16	25.24	-1.92	-7.1	0.63	2.6
All Sectors		27.50	27.67	29.00	30.98	32.93	35.04	34.93	-0.11	-0.3	2.00	6.1
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		25.78	25.33	26.93	29.35	31.14	33.70	32.99	-0.71	-2.1	1.85	5.9
Public sector		33.34	34.56	35.24	36.49	38.97	39.45	41.32	1.87	4.7	2.35	6.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		22.51	20.52	21.22	25.19	27.18	28.40	28.41	0.01	0.0	1.23	4.5
50-250 employees		25.29	24.21	26.83	28.44	30.07	32.61	31.53	-1.08	-3.3	1.46	4.9
Greater than 250 employees		31.43	32.41	34.02	34.91	37.14	39.35	39.45	0.10	0.3	2.31	6.2
¹Average hourly total labour costs equal the average hourly earnings in Table 2 plus the average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2
B-E	Industry	222,600	220,900	228,800	235,800	255,600	262,600	255,600	261,900	277,700
F	Construction	93,600	106,200	112,200	96,400	101,200	129,900	140,600	132,900	132,000
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	304,000	302,200	298,200	288,400	306,400	326,600	342,500	336,500	321,900
H	Transportation and storage	70,500	76,400	83,500	74,400	80,200	86,500	91,300	88,400	99,100
I	Accommodation and food services	163,400	180,900	187,300	128,300	125,000	171,900	185,400	182,300	190,000
J	Information and communication	68,200	71,400	75,300	85,000	90,300	107,700	112,300	109,100	118,000
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	92,100	94,100	97,600	112,500	113,100	115,000	119,200	116,700	113,600
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	91,500	97,900	98,400	99,600	115,900	121,100	130,600	148,300	147,100
N	Administrative and support services	92,900	103,000	107,300	87,500	92,500	103,400	107,100	106,300	105,400
O	Public administration and defence	119,600	128,300	136,600	146,100	158,800	157,400	175,600	175,000	183,700
P	Education	144,400	154,900	165,600	182,200	198,500	202,700	202,900	210,600	212,800
Q	Human health and social work	237,500	244,900	252,400	248,100	267,200	293,800	306,900	306,200	323,600
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	54,600	54,500	54,100	46,300	46,800	49,500	53,500	58,000	52,000
All Sectors		1,754,600	1,835,600	1,897,300	1,830,500	1,951,600	2,128,100	2,223,500	2,232,300	2,276,900
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1,361,000	1,434,700	1,489,500	1,431,600	1,531,700	1,698,500	1,779,600	1,779,000	1,818,000
Public sector		393,700	400,900	407,800	399,000	419,900	429,500	443,900	453,300	458,900
¹ It should be noted that the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of estimates of employment.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7b Job vacancies by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7c Job vacancy rate by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8b Average hourly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8c Average weekly paid hours by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8d Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data¹
		Preliminary Q1 2024			Final Q1 2024			Percentage Change
NACE Principal Activity		Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours
B-E	Industry	1,158.98	30.65	37.8	1,174.85	30.92	38.0	1.4	0.9	0.5
F	Construction	961.97	26.17	36.8	967.15	26.35	36.7	0.5	0.7	-0.3
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	698.21	23.36	29.9	695.98	23.41	29.7	-0.3	0.2	-0.7
H	Transportation and storage	865.52	23.90	36.2	861.57	23.67	36.4	-0.5	-1.0	0.6
I	Accommodation and food services	442.53	16.97	26.1	441.28	16.97	26.0	-0.3	0.0	-0.4
J	Information and communication	1,786.80	47.46	37.7	1,768.86	47.09	37.6	-1.0	-0.8	-0.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,485.90	42.59	34.9	1,522.88	43.64	34.9	2.5	2.5	0.0
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,141.56	32.88	34.7	1,157.39	33.53	34.5	1.4	2.0	-0.6
N	Administrative and support services	771.23	24.27	31.8	770.52	24.21	31.8	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
O	Public administration and defence	1,122.64	30.95	36.3	1,121.07	30.97	36.2	-0.1	0.1	-0.3
P	Education	1,002.32	40.89	24.5	999.53	41.03	24.4	-0.3	0.3	-0.4
Q	Human health and social work	904.30	27.93	32.4	901.55	27.83	32.4	-0.3	-0.4	0.0
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	648.95	22.68	28.6	641.04	22.80	28.1	-1.2	0.5	-1.7
Total		969.12	29.82	32.5	971.75	29.95	32.5	0.3	0.4	0.0
Public/Private Sector
Private sector		915.64	28.21	32.5	918.41	28.33	32.4	0.3	0.4	-0.3
Public sector		1,147.50	35.16	32.6	1,148.07	35.25	32.6	0.0	0.3	0.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		759.68	24.56	30.9	758.96	24.70	30.7	-0.1	0.6	-0.6
50-250 employees		898.28	27.80	32.3	900.41	27.83	32.4	0.2	0.1	0.3
Greater than 250 employees		1,114.36	33.30	33.5	1,118.02	33.41	33.5	0.3	0.3	0.0
¹See background notes.

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Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change		Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
Civil service	939.78	977.79	980.22	968.79	1,067.75	1,109.07	1,120.69	11.62	1.0	52.94	5.0
Defence	866.60	916.69	956.90	927.10	928.41	965.97	977.52	11.55	1.2	49.11	5.3
Garda Siochana	1,348.26	1,433.19	1,480.51	1,503.32	1,732.43	1,569.22	1,782.49	213.27	13.6	50.06	2.9
Education	990.07	1,018.61	1,060.14	1,054.57	1,088.43	1,129.03	1,124.35	-4.68	-0.4	35.92	3.3
Regional bodies	848.68	837.93	874.83	886.50	965.30	973.86	1,025.27	51.41	5.3	59.97	6.2
Health	948.69	998.18	986.62	1,020.28	1,091.51	1,170.28	1,160.25	-10.03	-0.9	68.74	6.3
Semi-state	1,060.81	1,040.56	1,092.66	1,138.38	1,169.67	1,226.86	1,231.73	4.87	0.4	62.06	5.3
Total public sector	979.94	1,008.74	1,030.83	1,043.99	1,105.67	1,148.07	1,159.97	11.90	1.0	54.30	4.9
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	967.08	1,003.79	1,021.86	1,030.14	1,096.44	1,136.46	1,148.98	12.52	1.1	52.54	4.8
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,019.90	1,041.05	1,065.94	1,066.84	1,108.71	1,149.40	1,165.80	16.40	1.4	57.09	5.1
Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,076.99	1,040.35	1,105.70	1,168.01	1,202.46	1,265.63	1,263.57	-2.06	-0.2	61.11	5.1

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Annual change
									%
Civil service	43,500	44,600	45,100	44,500	45,300	50,800	50,800	5,500	12.1
Defence	9,100	8,900	8,900	9,000	9,500	9,900	9,900	400	4.2
Garda Siochana	14,400	14,700	14,500	14,400	14,300	14,300	14,400	100	0.7
Education	114,800	112,000	112,900	112,900	113,400	112,000	112,500	- 900	-0.8
Regional bodies	34,500	35,000	35,100	35,400	37,200	37,500	38,000	800	2.2
Health	135,800	127,600	146,900	155,000	163,800	165,100	168,700	4,900	3.0
Semi-state	55,600	56,200	56,400	58,400	60,500	63,700	64,600	4,100	6.8
Total public sector	407,800	399,000	419,900	429,500	443,900	453,300	458,900	15,000	3.4
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	352,200	342,700	363,400	371,200	383,400	389,600	394,300	10,900	2.8
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	14,100	14,900	15,500	16,700	16,200	17,200	17,400	1,200	7.4
Commercial Semi-state bodies	41,500	41,400	40,900	41,600	44,300	46,500	47,200	2,900	6.5
¹ Source: Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey. Public Sector employment includes all those who received a payment which would include both full-time and part-time employees as well as contract workers. Total public sector numbers are also published by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform on a quarterly basis. Those differ in coverage from the estimates in the above table as Department of Public Expenditure and Reform estimates are based on full-time equivalents which will change over time based on both changes in working hours and number of persons employed.

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories¹
	2022	2023	2023	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
Occupation by NACE groups	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change	Annual change
	€	€	€	€	%	%
Managers, professionals and associated professionals
B-E	1,639.54	1,694.04	1,725.29	1,755.59	1.8	3.6
B-N, R-S	1,498.43	1,569.29	1,612.91	1,634.95	1.4	4.2
O-Q	1,300.83	1,394.68	1,424.38	1,453.08	2.0	4.2
Total (B-S)	1,382.37	1,465.26	1,497.27	1,521.08	1.6	3.8
Clerical, sales and service employees
B-E	911.86	963.33	998.22	1,004.73	0.7	4.3
B-N, R-S	617.00	651.77	679.71	685.34	0.8	5.2
O-Q	631.29	678.79	692.67	713.38	3.0	5.1
Total (B-S)	611.06	649.80	673.63	684.52	1.6	5.3
Production, transport, craft and other manual workers
B-E	796.94	840.29	882.00	906.51	2.8	7.9
B-N, R-S	658.69	702.63	738.98	750.53	1.6	6.8
O-Q	540.55	615.35	649.96	674.55	3.8	9.6
Total (B-S)	622.24	671.78	707.04	720.24	1.9	7.2
¹ These estimates have been generated using a sub sample of EHECS respondents therefore caution is advised when interpreting these results. See background notes.

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter¹
		Employer Response Rate %				Respondent Enterprises	Respondent Enterprises	Employee Response Rate %
NACE Principal Activity		Final Q1 2023	Preliminary Q1 2024	Final Q1 2024	Preliminary Q2 2024	Final Q1 2024	Preliminary Q2 2024	Final Q1 2023	Preliminary Q1 2024	Final Q1 2024	Preliminary Q2 2024
B-E	Industry	59.8	54.0	65.6	48.0	706	498	76.7	67.1	78.2	56.9
F	Construction	44.8	34.8	44.3	36.0	160	124	54.4	43.8	55.8	44.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	47.2	43.4	49.8	45.6	607	535	69.4	63.3	70.9	65.5
H	Transportation and storage	44.4	44.2	54.0	44.7	135	106	78.6	59.9	81.2	63.3
I	Accommodation and food services	50.1	45.2	49.9	45.1	452	387	63.7	59.9	63.5	56.4
J	Information and communication	63.0	53.6	70.3	60.5	324	268	77.1	70.8	85.4	75.2
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	64.5	56.5	70.1	59.9	267	226	83.2	71.2	88.6	80.5
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	47.6	48.3	60.0	55.8	313	275	65.3	61.5	70.4	63.5
N	Administrative and support services	53.4	41.1	48.8	39.0	272	201	69.2	55.3	64.4	52.6
O	Public administration and defence	91.3	83.3	90.6	80.4	125	111	98.2	94.5	95.8	84.2
P	Education	64.6	59.0	67.5	56.8	131	105	91.5	87.9	93.3	77.8
Q	Human health and social work	64.6	54.0	64.2	55.3	512	422	74.7	63.2	72.1	61.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	64.9	54.8	68.1	61.3	220	171	75.1	62.3	70.5	65.4
Total		55.6	49.2	58.8	50.1	4,224	3,429	77.7	69.7	78.4	66.9
¹This table presents the response rates achieved by sector. Greater caution should be taken in the interpretation of estimates for sectors with lower response rates as these sectors could be subject to greater revisions if response levels are increased for final estimates.

Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2024 (Final) Q2 2024 (Preliminary Estimates)