Environmental Economy Environmental Indicators Ireland 2018

9.1 Ireland: Environmental tax revenue 2000-2017

Environmental taxation revenue increased by 62% from an annual average of €3.2 billion in 2000-2004 to €5.2 billion in 2017. The most significant components of environmental taxes were energy and transport taxes which provided 62% and 37% respectively of the total in 2017. Environmental taxes accounted for 7.8% of total taxation in 2017.

9.2 EU: Environmental tax revenue 2016

	Pollution/Resource	Transport	Energy
Latvia	0.24	1.49	9.96
Slovenia	0.4	1.2	8.96
Greece	0	2.05	7.78
Bulgaria	0.23	1.12	8.22
Croatia	0.04	2.24	7
Romania	0.02	0.91	8.09
Estonia	0.9	0.17	7.8
Cyprus	0.02	2.02	6.78
Netherlands	1.18	2.61	4.89
Denmark	0.43	3.4	4.76
Malta	0.59	3.48	4.46
Italy	0.09	1.47	6.65
Poland	0.43	0.68	7.03
Ireland	0.093	3.054	4.924
Portugal	0.05	1.96	5.52
United Kingdom	0.22	1.67	5.33
Finland	0.08	2.19	4.78
Hungary	0.98	0.92	5.1
Lithuania	0.32	0.29	5.87
EU	0.21	1.24	4.84
Czech Republic	0.04	0.39	5.64
Austria	0.05	2.02	3.54
Slovakia	0.08	0.56	4.97
Spain	0.25	0.69	4.59
Sweden	0.06	1.01	3.97
Belgium	0.3	1.51	3.19
France	0.28	0.56	4.05
Germany	0	0.82	3.95
Luxembourg	0.07	0.33	4.18

Environmental taxes accounted for 8.1% of Ireland’s total tax revenues in 2016. This was the joint 13th highest percentage in the EU and above the EU average of 6.3 %. Latvia was the EU Member State with the highest environmental share of total tax revenue in 2016 at 11.7%.

9.3 Ireland: Environmental subsidies and similar transfers 2000-2016

9.2 Ireland: Environmental subsidies and similar transfers 2000-2016

Environmental subsidies and similar transfers in Ireland increased from an annual average of €566 million in 2000-2004 to over €1.2 billion in 2008. They declined to €540 million in 2013 before increasing again to €772 million in 2016.
Transfers associated with energy generation from renewable sources increased from an annual average of 1% of all environmental transfers in 2000-2004 to 35% in 2016. Transfers associated with waste water management fell from 61% of total environmental transfers in 2000-2004 to 27% in 2016.

9.4 Ireland: Wholesale price index for energy products 1980-2017

9.3 Ireland: Wholesale price index for energy products 1980-2017

	Petrol	Autodiesel	Electricity	Energy products
2005	100	100	100	100
2006	108	106.3	107.1	108.6
2007	112.5	109.4	119.5	118.4
2008	122.3	126.6	122.4	128.2
2009	117	106.7	120.6	119.5
2010	132.683333333333	124.775	115.2	123.108333333333
2011	145.2	138.6	115.2	128.7
2012	152.23436928702	144.837623762376	119.376127320955	134.394690265487
2013	148.518098720292	141.594059405941	122.228116710875	135.078053097345
2014	145.465447897623	137.10297029703	108.986737400531	123.574778761062
2015	136	125	101	112
2016	131	119	83	97
2017	137	125	90	105

Wholesale prices for most fuel types in Ireland (except electricity) peaked in 2012 before falling back over the 2013-2016 period. Prices increased again in 2017.
Fuel oil prices increased more than any other fuel type over the 2005-2017 period with its wholesale price index rising to 152 in 2017. The wholesale price index for electricity fell to 90% of its 2005 figure in 2017.

9.5 Ireland: Consumer price index for energy products 2000-2017

9.4 Ireland: Consumer price index for energy products 2000-2017

	Electricity	Gas	Solid fuels	Petrol	Diesel
2000	65.5	48.8	68	87.5	82.9
2001	65.7	49.9	73.5	81	72.9
2002	71.5	50.1	76.5	83.9	75.9
2003	79.2	53	78.7	84.5	78.5
2004	84.8	55.6	81.5	92.8	86.8
2005	96	64.7	87.7	100.7	99.4
2006	100	81.8	94.4	107.5	104.7
2007	111.6	90.6	102.6	108.9	105.1
2008	114.3	91.2	112	116.9	121.7
2009	115.8	93.7	120.5	107.7	99.3
2010	111.7	83.6	117.5	126.7	119.4
2011	119.1	89.1	118.2	144.2	138.7
2012	132.6	102.7	118.6	157.7	151.4
2013	140	109.5	123	153.1	146.1
2014	145	111.8	131	147.8	140.5
2015	144.8	109.2	134.8	132.8	122.3
2016	139.7	105.9	134.3	124.3	111.1
2017	138.3	104.2	133.9	132.2	120.7

The consumer price index for electricity in Ireland increased from 100 in December 2006 to 138 in 2017, higher than for any other energy product. In contrast, gas prices increased by only 4% over the same period. The consumer price index for other energy products grew by between 14% and 34% from December 2006 to 2017.

9.6 EU: Harmonised index of consumer prices for energy products 2017

9.5 EU: Harmonised index of consumer prices for energy products 2017

In 2017, Ireland had the 18th highest increase in the harmonised consumer price index (HICP) for energy products among EU Member States compared with 2005. The increase in the Irish HICP over the 2005-2016 period was 41%, which was less than the EU average of 51%. Latvia had the largest increase at 129% while Luxembourg and the Netherlands had the joint lowest increase of 17% in 2017 compared with 2005.

9.7 Ireland: Domestic material consumption 1995-2015

9.6 Ireland: Domestic material consumption 1995-2015

Domestic extraction of resources in Ireland increased from an annual average of 85.8 million tonnes in 1995-1999 to 153.6 million tonnes in 2007, before falling to 77.1 million tonnes in 2014. The 2015 figure for domestic extraction was 77.3 million tonnes.
Domestic material consumption (DMC) increased from an annual average of 101.8 million tonnes in 1995-1999 to 181.2 million tonnes in 2007, before falling to 91.4 million tonnes in 2012. In 2015 DMC had increased to 97.9 million tonnes.

9.8 Ireland: Imports and exports of fuels 1995-2017

9.7 Ireland: Imports and exports of fuels 1995-2017

Ireland’s import of fuels increased from €1.1 billion in 1995-1999 to €7.2 billion in 2012. Imports subsequently fell to €3.8 billion in 2016 before increasing to €4.7 billion in 2017.
Exports of fuels from Ireland increased from €163 million in 1995-1999 to €1.6 billion in 2012. Exports fell to €691 million in 2016 before rising again to €1 billion in 2017.

9.9 Ireland: Sea fishery landings by Irish vessels in Ireland 2007-2016

9.8 Ireland: Sea fishery landings by Irish vessels in Ireland 2007-2016

Sea fishery landings by Irish vessels in Irish ports varied between 149,200 tonnes and 249,200 tonnes over the period from 2007 to 2016. In 2016 this figure was 207,600 tonnes.
Atlantic Mackerel was the most common species landed in Irish ports by Irish vessels at 31% of the total in 2016, followed by Horse Mackerel at 13% of the total in that year.

Table 9.1 Ireland: Environmental tax revenue 2000-2017
	€ million				%
Year	Energy taxes	Transport taxes	Pollution and resource taxes	Total environmental taxes	Total taxes
2000-2004	1,690	1,483	24	3,196	8.3%
2005-2009	2,246	2,038	55	4,338	8.1%

2010	2,520	1,522	61	4,104	9.2%
2011	2,692	1,449	63	4,204	9.1%
2012	2,643	1,472	67	4,182	8.7%
2013	2,721	1,662	59	4,442	8.9%
2014	2,811	1,783	48	4,642	8.5%
2015	3,026	1,873	47	4,947	8.3%
2016	3,107	1,910	58	5,074	8.1%
2017	3,196	1,915	51	5,162	7.8%
Source: CSO

Table 9.2 Ireland: Environmental subsidies and similar transfers 2000-2016
	%					€ million
Year	Energy generation from renewable sources	Wastewater management	Protection of biodiversity	Heat/Energy management	Other	Total transfers
2000-2004	1%	61%	33%	0%	4%	566
2005-2009	2%	50%	36%	3%	10%	909

2010	4%	52%	29%	9%	6%	1,185
2011	5%	36%	36%	14%	9%	799
2012	9%	28%	42%	11%	9%	623
2013	10%	27%	40%	11%	12%	540
2014	15%	28%	34%	15%	9%	621
2015	27%	29%	21%	14%	10%	643
2016	35%	27%	18%	11%	8%	772
						Source: CSO

Table 9.6 Ireland: Domestic material consumption 1995-2015
million tonnes
Year	Domestic extraction	Trade imports	Trade exports	Domestic material consumption
1995-1999	85.8	27.4	11.4	101.8
2000-2004	119.4	33.5	13.3	139.6
2005-2009	136.9	38.2	14.3	160.8

2010	84.4	35.8	14.7	105.6
2011	80.3	34.9	15.7	99.5
2012	73.0	34.8	16.4	91.4
2013	79.9	36.6	15.7	100.9
2014	77.1	36.4	16.7	96.8
2015	77.3	39.1	18.5	97.9
Source: CSO

Table 9.8 Ireland: Sea fishery landings by Irish vessels in Ireland 2007-2016
	% of total					tonnes	%
Year	Atlantic Mackerel	Horse Mackerel	Blue Whiting	Atlantic Herring	Other Species	Total (live weight equivalent)	Annual change
2007	16%	18%	11%	16%	40%	155,252	:
2008	17%	23%	15%	13%	32%	149,209	-3.9%
2009	24%	22%	5%	9%	40%	166,361	11.5%
2010	23%	23%	4%	11%	40%	164,615	-1.0%
2011	26%	21%	1%	11%	40%	162,303	-1.4%
2012	19%	18%	4%	9%	49%	249,205	53.5%
2013	24%	17%	5%	9%	44%	202,926	-18.6%
2014	36%	15%	8%	10%	32%	220,344	8.6%
2015	35%	10%	12%	8%	35%	204,194	-7.3%
2016	31%	13%	11%	8%	38%	207,620	1.7%
Source: CSO and Sea Fisheries Protection Authority

Environmental Indicators Ireland 2018

Environmental Economy

9.1 Ireland: Environmental tax revenue 2000-2017

9.2 EU: Environmental tax revenue 2016

9.3 Ireland: Environmental subsidies and similar transfers 2000-2016

9.4 Ireland: Wholesale price index for energy products 1980-2017

9.5 Ireland: Consumer price index for energy products 2000-2017

9.6 EU: Harmonised index of consumer prices for energy products 2017

9.7 Ireland: Domestic material consumption 1995-2015

9.8 Ireland: Imports and exports of fuels 1995-2017

9.9 Ireland: Sea fishery landings by Irish vessels in Ireland 2007-2016

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Table 9.3 Ireland: Wholesale price index for energy products 1980-2017
Base year 2005 = 100
Year	Petrol	Autodiesel	Gas oil	Fuel oil	Petroleum fuels	Electricity	Energy products
1980-1984	50	48	47	51	51	68	55
1985-1989	56	55	44	46	49	73	56
1990-1994	57	56	47	45	49	67	54
1995-1999	62	61	48	53	55	68	58
2000-2004	82	76	71	77	77	78	78
2005-2009	112	110	113	122	117	114	115

2010	133	125	125	152	141	115	123
2011	145	139	142	173	158	115	129
2012	152	145	151	184	168	119	134
2013	149	142	149	177	163	122	135
2014	145	137	143	170	157	109	124
2015	136	125	126	146	138	101	112
2016	131	119	118	139	131	83	97
2017	137	125	127	152	141	90	105
Source: CSO

Table 9.4 Ireland: Consumer price index for energy products 2000-2017
December 2006 = 100
Year	Electricity	Gas	Liquid fuels	Solid fuels	Petrol	Diesel	Motor oil
2000-2004	73	51	71	76	86	79	79
2005-2009	108	84	107	103	108	106	101

2010	112	84	120	118	127	119	113
2011	119	89	149	118	144	139	116
2012	133	103	164	119	158	151	118
2013	140	110	158	123	153	146	119
2014	145	112	148	131	148	141	121
2015	145	109	118	135	133	122	122
2016	140	106	101	134	124	111	123
2017	138	104	114	134	132	121	126
Source: CSO

Table 9.5 EU: Harmonised index of consumer prices for energy products 2017
Base year 2005=100
Country	Electricity	Gas	Liquid fuels	Solid fuels	Heat energy	Energy
Latvia	258	198	:	193	202	229
United Kingdom	211	222	140	187	:	213
Greece	190	164	197	136	:	202
Estonia	175	201	:	182	216	201
Romania	164	197	162	169	231	185
Lithuania	134	178	:	233	158	172
Finland	171	:	158	:	190	169
Malta	154	226	:	:	:	160
Poland	155	158	116	172	152	159
Czech Republic	143	171	135	182	164	157
Slovenia	173	152	147	127	159	157
Spain	162	146	113	:	:	155
Portugal	166	136	:	105	:	152
Hungary	115	186	:	214	123	151
EU	157	150	113	161	152	151
France	145	155	129	126	221	150
Belgium	197	124	116	126	:	150
Bulgaria	137	128	129	189	147	143
Ireland	144	161	117	153	:	141
Croatia	138	142	111	141	146	138
Germany	166	124	94	129	131	138
Italy	145	120	118	:	:	130
Austria	123	132	111	133	148	127
Cyprus	131	149	112	101	:	127
Sweden	127	231	132	:	124	127
Slovakia	101	117	:	157	151	125
Denmark	130	89	135	120	115	121
Luxembourg	110	135	115	119	132	117
Netherlands	89	137	:	:	:	117
Source: Eurostat

Table 9.7 Ireland: Imports and exports of fuels 1995-2017

Imports	% of total				€ million
Year	Coal, coke and briquettes	Petroleum	Gas	Electricity	Total
1995-1999	13%	79%	9%	0%	1,068
2000-2004	6%	80%	12%	1%	2,247
2005-2009	4%	78%	17%	1%	5,102

2010	3%	76%	20%	0%	5,602
2011	3%	77%	19%	1%	6,946
2012	3%	76%	20%	0%	7,160
2013	3%	73%	23%	1%	6,886
2014	3%	76%	20%	1%	6,477
2015	4%	73%	23%	1%	5,104
2016	4%	77%	19%	0%	3,776
2017	4%	78%	17%	1%	4,679
Exports
1995-1999	27%	70%	2%	1%	163
2000-2004	19%	79%	1%	1%	309
2005-2009	9%	86%	2%	3%	658

2010	6%	92%	2%	0%	1,028
2011	5%	92%	3%	0%	1,354
2012	4%	94%	2%	0%	1,647
2013	9%	88%	2%	1%	823
2014	10%	86%	2%	2%	847
2015	13%	83%	1%	3%	773
2016	14%	76%	2%	8%	691
2017	9%	77%	1%	12%	1,025
Source: CSO