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Labour Market Churn Q3 2025

Results and Analysis

The job churn rate for Q3 2025 was 12.4%, down 0.6 percentage points on the same period in 2024

Online ISSN: 2990-8272

CSO statistical release, 27 November 2025, 11am

A CSO Frontier Series Output

This release is categorised as a CSO Frontier Series Output. Particular care must be taken when interpreting the statistics in this release as it may use new methods which are under development and/or data sources which may be incomplete, for example new administrative data sources.

The highest job churn rate was recorded in the Administrative & Support Service Activities sector (25.5%) in Q3 2025

The lowest churn rate in Q3 2025 was observed in Services at 2.6% followed by Public Administration & Defence; Compulsory Social Security (6.9%).

The Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector recorded the highest job churn in the quarter at 56,640.

This sector also had the highest number of hirings (45,686).

The sector that saw the highest number of job creations in Q3 2025 was the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector (17,366), with a decrease of 1.4% (253) from a year earlier.

Education had the highest number of separations (46,950) and also had the highest number of job destructions (25,058).

Human Health & Social Work Activities had the highest number of stayers (377,185) of all the economics sectors in Q3 2025.

Table 2.1 Job Churn and Job Churn Rate by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter

Table 2.1 Job Churn and Job Churn Rate by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter
	Job Churn						Job Churn Rate
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Number				Number		%				pp¹
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	3,522	3,434	2,448	3,030	582	-404	10.8	10.2	7.1	8.8	1.7	-1.4
Industry (B to E)	24,848	24,872	22,646	23,208	562	-1,664	8.4	8.2	7.4	7.5	0.1	-0.7
Construction (F)	16,470	16,988	16,888	17,372	484	384	11.8	11.7	11.3	11.3	-0.0	-0.4
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	62,060	55,872	48,252	53,644	5,392	-2,228	15.0	13.5	11.5	12.8	1.3	-0.7
Transportation and storage (H)	9,882	9,724	9,130	9,970	840	246	9.9	9.4	8.6	9.3	0.7	-0.1
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	68,120	60,102	50,624	56,640	6,016	-3,462	26.1	22.9	20.1	21.7	1.6	-1.2
Information and communication (J)	9,554	10,356	9,422	10,576	1,154	220	6.8	7.5	6.9	7.5	0.6	0.0
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	12,226	11,168	9,520	11,022	1,502	-146	8.8	8.2	6.7	7.8	1.1	-0.4
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	17,778	18,664	15,434	17,344	1,910	-1,320	10.0	10.1	8.5	9.3	0.8	-0.8
Administrative and support service activities (N)	55,016	53,314	50,972	51,842	870	-1,472	28.3	26.7	25.6	25.5	-0.1	-1.2
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	14,156	14,658	18,638	10,052	-8,586	-4,606	10.0	10.0	12.8	6.9	-5.9	-3.1
Education (P)	39,082	37,938	24,058	43,064	19,006	5,126	14.5	13.4	8.6	14.9	6.3	1.5
Human health and social work activities (Q)	45,142	41,156	34,648	38,738	4,090	-2,418	12.0	10.3	8.6	9.5	0.9	-0.8
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	14,004	13,454	11,626	13,358	1,732	-96	14.1	13.1	11.5	12.6	1.1	-0.5
Services (T,U)	144	154	20	14	-6	-140	13.7	13.2	1.6	2.6	1.0	-10.6
Not stated	136	88	116	86	-30	-2	6.7	5.4	6.3	4.9	-1.4	-0.5
All Economic Sectors	392,140	371,942	324,442	359,960	35,518	-11,982	14.1	13.0	11.4	12.4	1.0	-0.6
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn
¹pp refers to percentage point change

Open in Excel: Labour Market Churn Q3 2025 Table 2.1 (XLS 14KB)

Visit Table JCQ01 on PxStat

Table 2.2 Hirings and Stayers by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)

Table 2.2 Hirings and Stayers by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)
	Hirings						Stayers
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	4,092	4,515	5,236	3,998	-1,238	-517	28,288	29,289	29,151	30,227	1,076	938
Industry (B to E)	21,569	22,256	22,155	20,551	-1,604	-1,705	274,374	283,139	284,321	289,073	4,752	5,934
Construction (F)	18,573	20,337	20,280	20,051	-229	-286	121,752	127,809	131,099	135,211	4,112	7,402
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	47,814	44,207	41,499	42,829	1,330	-1,378	366,991	371,202	373,994	376,159	2,165	4,957
Transportation and storage (H)	8,732	8,824	9,170	8,934	-236	110	91,877	95,449	96,606	98,650	2,044	3,201
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	51,257	47,670	49,437	45,686	-3,751	-1,984	211,893	216,836	208,862	217,996	9,134	1,160
Information and communication (J)	10,180	12,408	12,870	14,298	1,428	1,890	129,331	126,878	125,714	126,576	862	-302
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	11,072	10,292	11,780	11,239	-541	947	127,231	126,587	128,995	131,327	2,332	4,740
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	17,766	18,942	17,928	17,611	-317	-1,331	160,715	165,558	166,355	169,043	2,688	3,485
Administrative and support service activities (N)	37,092	38,933	37,394	38,326	932	-607	157,565	162,631	163,038	167,574	4,536	4,943
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	10,703	11,007	12,202	7,886	-4,316	-3,121	131,135	134,163	133,828	138,724	4,896	4,561
Education (P)	34,406	35,075	44,322	34,296	-10,026	-779	231,580	243,496	250,487	248,244	-2,243	4,748
Human health and social work activities (Q)	36,401	34,901	26,261	35,271	9,010	370	342,938	365,293	375,737	377,185	1,448	11,892
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	16,891	17,216	15,935	17,633	1,698	417	83,958	88,410	87,395	90,968	3,573	2,558
Services (T,U)	177	142	47	56	9	-86	902	1,030	413	490	77	-540
Not stated	276	415	358	338	-20	-77	1,707	1,333	1,533	1,303	-230	-30
All Economic Sectors	327,001	327,140	326,874	319,003	-7,871	-8,137	2,462,237	2,539,103	2,557,528	2,598,750	41,222	59,647
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Open in Excel: Labour Market Churn Q3 2025 Table 2.2 (XLS 11KB)

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Table 2.3a Separations by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)

Table 2.3b Breakdown of Separations of Primary Employments by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector, Q1 2025 (number)

Table 2.4 Job Creation and Destruction by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)

Table 2.4 Job Creation and Destruction by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)
	Job Creation						Job Destruction
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	2,331	2,798	4,012	2,483	-1,529	-315	2,696	2,591	1,720	2,657	937	66
Industry (B to E)	9,145	9,820	10,832	8,947	-1,885	-873	5,114	5,790	8,649	5,744	-2,905	-46
Construction (F)	10,338	11,843	11,836	11,365	-471	-478	7,172	6,671	6,918	7,546	628	875
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	16,784	16,271	17,373	16,007	-1,366	-264	12,157	11,742	19,190	12,632	-6,558	890
Transportation and storage (H)	3,791	3,962	4,605	3,949	-656	-13	2,673	2,330	2,740	2,130	-610	-200
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	17,197	17,619	24,125	17,366	-6,759	-253	12,629	13,028	11,498	12,243	745	-785
Information and communication (J)	5,403	7,230	8,159	9,010	851	1,780	6,217	5,792	5,155	6,741	1,586	949
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	4,959	4,708	7,020	5,728	-1,292	1,020	5,684	3,748	3,401	3,727	326	-21
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	8,877	9,610	10,211	8,939	-1,272	-671	5,492	10,672	5,617	6,525	908	-4,147
Administrative and support service activities (N)	9,584	12,276	11,908	12,405	497	129	8,318	7,947	6,385	6,985	600	-962
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	3,625	3,678	2,883	2,860	-23	-818	2,884	5,517	2,222	2,284	62	-3,233
Education (P)	14,865	16,106	32,293	12,764	-19,529	-3,342	20,452	24,032	2,188	25,058	22,870	1,026
Human health and social work activities (Q)	13,830	14,323	8,937	15,902	6,965	1,579	5,751	10,149	7,339	5,433	-1,906	-4,716
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	9,889	10,489	10,122	10,954	832	465	4,782	5,249	4,628	5,671	1,043	422
Services (T,U)	105	65	37	49	12	-16	55	53	103	38	-65	-15
Not stated	208	371	300	295	-5	-76	259	159	184	258	74	99
All Economic Sectors	130,931	141,169	164,653	139,023	-25,630	-2,146	102,335	115,470	87,937	105,672	17,735	-9,798
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Open in Excel: Labour Market Churn Q3 2025 Table 2.4 (XLS 12KB)

Visit Table JCQ01 on PxStat

The firm size with the highest job churn rate in Q3 2025 were those with 50-249 employees

The firm size with the highest job churn rate in Q3 2025 was the 50-249 employee group, where the job churn was 15.7%, down from 16.6% in Q3 2024.

The firm size with the lowest job churn rate in Q3 2025 was the 1-9 employee group, where the job churn rate was 6.5%, down from 6.8% in Q3 2024.

In Q3 2025 all firm sizes observed a decrease in the job churn rate when compared with Q3 2024. The largest decrease was seen in firms with 50 to 249 employees, down 0.9 percentage points from a job churn rate of 16.6% to 15.7%.

Firms with 250+ employees accounted for 30.4% of all job creations in Q3 2025 (42,213), down from a year ago when firms of this size made up 30.7% of job creations (43,352).

Looking at job destructions, firms with up to 49 employees accounted for 67.8% of all job destructions in Q3 2025 (71,657). This was an increase on Q3 2024, when firms of this size were made up of 63.7% of job destructions (73,581).

The group of enterprises that made up the largest number of destructions by firm size was the 1-9 employees’ group. This group made up 40.5% of destructions in Q3 2025 (42,786), up from 35.0% of all destructions 12 months ago (40,414).

Table 2.5 Job Churn and Job Churn Rate by Firm Size and Quarter

Table 2.6 Hirings and Stayers by Firm Size and Quarter (number)

Table 2.7 Separations by Firm Size and Quarter (number)

Table 2.8 Job Creation and Destruction by Firm Size and Quarter (number)

Irish-owned enterprises accounted for 77.7% of the job churn in Q3 2025

In Q3 2025, there were 2,917,753 recorded employments. Irish-owned affiliates accounted for the highest proportion at 75.8% followed by Foreign-owned affiliates owned by non-EU multinationals at 19.1%, and Foreign-owned affiliates owned by EU multinationals at 5.1%.

The total number of jobs created in Q3 2025 was 139,023, a decrease of 2,146 (1.5%) when compared with the previous year. Jobs created by Irish-owned enterprises accounted for 87.2% (121,272) of all jobs created in Q3 2025.

There were 105,672 job destructions in Q3 2025, a decrease of 9,798 (8.5%) when compared with the previous year. The number of jobs destroyed was highest among Irish-owned enterprises which accounted for 87.5% (92,513) of the total figure.

Job churn rate for Irish-owned enterprises in Q3 2025 was 12.7%, a decline of 0.6 percentage points when compared with a year earlier. All Foreign-owned enterprises saw a fall of 0.6 percentage points, from 12.0% in Q3 2024 to 11.4% in Q3 2025.

Table 2.9 Job Churn and Job Churn Rate by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership

Table 2.10 Hirings and Stayers by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership (number)

Table 2.11 Separations by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership (number)

Table 2.12 Job Creation and Destruction by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership (number)

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Table 2.3a Separations by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)
	Separations
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	4,457	4,308	2,944	4,172	1,228	-136
Industry (B to E)	17,538	18,226	19,972	17,348	-2,624	-878
Construction (F)	15,407	15,165	15,362	16,232	870	1,067
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	43,187	39,678	43,316	39,454	-3,862	-224
Transportation and storage (H)	7,614	7,192	7,305	7,115	-190	-77
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	46,689	43,079	36,810	40,563	3,753	-2,516
Information and communication (J)	10,994	10,970	9,866	12,029	2,163	1,059
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	11,797	9,332	8,161	9,238	1,077	-94
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	14,381	20,004	13,334	15,197	1,863	-4,807
Administrative and support service activities (N)	35,826	34,604	31,871	32,906	1,035	-1,698
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	9,962	12,846	11,541	7,310	-4,231	-5,536
Education (P)	39,993	43,001	14,217	46,590	32,373	3,589
Human health and social work activities (Q)	28,322	30,727	24,663	24,802	139	-5,925
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	11,784	11,976	10,441	12,350	1,909	374
Services (T,U)	127	130	113	45	-68	-85
Not stated	327	203	242	301	59	98
All Economic Sectors	298,405	301,441	250,158	285,652	35,494	-15,789
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Table 2.3b Breakdown of Separations of Primary Employments¹ by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector, Q3 2025 (number)
	Separations of Primary Employments
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Same² Economic Sector	Different³ Economic Sector	No longer employed⁴	Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	163	282	1,805	2,250
Industry (B to E)	568	2,284	8,068	10,920
Construction (F)	1,150	1,660	6,305	9,115
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	2,304	3,585	14,084	19,973
Transportation and storage (H)	495	886	2,949	4,330
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	2,594	2,455	12,196	17,245
Information and communication (J)	1,370	1,144	4,447	6,961
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	416	1,471	3,404	5,291
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	574	2,212	5,670	8,456
Administrative and support service activities (N)	1,271	3,538	9,201	14,010
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	298	815	2,195	3,308
Education (P)	1,017	1,202	12,917	15,136
Human health and social work activities (Q)	1,570	1,953	10,088	13,611
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	386	1,337	4,508	6,231
Services (T,U)	0	4	28	32
Not stated	7	34	128	169
All Economic Sectors	14,183	24,862	97,993	137,038
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn
^1.Any additional employments have been excluded.
^2.Employees who have changed employer but stayed in the same Economic Sector.
^3. Employees who have changed employer and Economic Sector.
^4.Employees who had an employer in the previous quarter but do not in the current quarter.

Table 2.6 Hirings and Stayers by Firm Size and Quarter (number)
	Hirings						Stayers
Firm Size	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
1 to 9 Employees	37,425	42,972	41,701	40,376	-1,325	-2,596	277,259	280,976	282,543	286,018	3,475	5,042
10 to 49 Employees	74,698	75,323	80,310	73,793	-6,517	-1,530	467,987	481,568	484,132	495,806	11,674	14,238
50 to 249 Employees	76,893	74,767	79,331	75,566	-3,765	799	478,378	485,044	490,518	498,290	7,772	13,246
250+ Employees	137,985	134,078	125,532	129,268	3,736	-4,810	1,238,613	1,291,515	1,300,335	1,318,636	18,301	27,121
All employees	327,001	327,140	326,874	319,003	-7,871	-8,137	2,462,237	2,539,103	2,557,528	2,598,750	41,222	59,647
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Table 2.7 Separations by Firm Size and Quarter (number)
	Separations
Firm Size	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
1 to 9 Employees	52,408	51,598	47,460	53,687	6,227	2,089
10 to 49 Employees	66,246	71,324	51,281	66,374	15,093	-4,950
50 to 249 Employees	63,023	59,762	50,971	57,902	6,931	-1,860
250+ Employees	116,728	118,757	100,446	107,689	7,243	-11,068
All Employees	298,405	301,441	250,158	285,652	35,494	-15,789
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Table 2.8 Job Creation and Destruction by Firm Size and Quarter (number)
	Job Creation						Job Destruction
Firm Size	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
1 to 9 Employees	26,537	31,788	32,381	29,475	-2,906	-2,313	41,520	40,414	38,140	42,786	4,646	2,372
10 to 49 Employees	34,911	37,166	47,565	36,290	-11,275	-876	26,459	33,167	18,536	28,871	10,335	-4,296
50 to 249 Employees	27,492	28,863	39,622	31,045	-8,577	2,182	13,622	13,858	11,262	13,381	2,119	-477
250+ Employees	41,991	43,352	45,085	42,213	-2,872	-1,139	20,734	28,031	19,999	20,634	635	-7,397
All Employees	130,931	141,169	164,653	139,023	-25,630	-2,146	102,335	115,470	87,937	105,672	17,735	-9,798
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Labour Market Churn Q3 2025

Results and Analysis

The job churn rate for Q3 2025 was 12.4%, down 0.6 percentage points on the same period in 2024

A CSO Frontier Series Output

The highest job churn rate was recorded in the Administrative & Support Service Activities sector (25.5%) in Q3 2025

The firm size with the highest job churn rate in Q3 2025 were those with 50-249 employees

Irish-owned enterprises accounted for 77.7% of the job churn in Q3 2025

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Table 2.11 Separations by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership and Quarter (number)
	Separations
Foreign/Domestic	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	Q2 2025	Q3 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Irish-owned affiliates	238,361	249,104	190,208	232,301	42,093	-16,803
Foreign-owned affiliates owned by EU multinationals	11,892	9,926	9,897	10,395	498	469
Foreign-owned affiliates owned by non-EU multinationals	45,747	42,091	48,299	42,114	-6,185	23
All Foreign-owned affiliates	57,639	52,017	58,196	52,509	-5,687	492
Not Stated	2,405	320	1,754	842	-912	522
All enterprises	298,405	301,441	250,158	285,652	35,494	-15,789
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn