This release is categorised as a CSO Frontier Series Output. Particular care must be taken when interpreting the statistics in this release as it may use new methods which are under development and/or data sources which may be incomplete, for example new administrative data sources.
To publish Labour Market Churn (LMC) in a timelier manner and to better align with our National Accounts Division’s Quarterly National Accounts release, LMC releases are produced using an earlier version of Revenue’s PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) data and this commenced with the LMC Q1 2025 release. Due to this change, reference quarter data will be released provisionally and finalised in the subsequent release. Provisional data may be subject to larger revisions than previously experienced. Finalised figures will continue to be subject to the yearly revision of PMOD data.
Data for Q2 2025 has been revised in line with current revision methodology. Additionally, Q2 2025 data contains revisions due to a restructuring of a number of business entities.
Job churn in Quarter 3 (Q3) 2025 was 359,960, down 11,982 (3.2%) from Q3 2024. The associated job churn rate for Q3 2025 was 12.4%, a drop of 0.6 percentage points from the 13.0% recorded a year earlier.
The total number of jobs created in Q3 2025 was 139,023, a decrease of 2,146 (1.5%) when compared with Q3 2024.
There were 105,672 job destructions in Q3 2025, which was 9,798 (8.5%) less than the number recorded 12 months earlier.
The 319,003 hirings recorded in Q3 2025 were 8,137 (2.5%) less than the 327,140 observed in Q3 2024.
In Q3 2025 a total of 285,652 job separations were recorded, down 15,789 (5.2%) from the 301,441 observed in Q3 2024.
There were 137,038 separations from primary employments in Q3 2025. Of these, 97,993 (71.5%) people were no longer on the Revenue PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) system, 24,862 (18.1%) were employed but in a different economic sector, and 14,183 (10.3%) remained employed in the same economic sector but with a different organisation or company.
There were 2,598,750 people who stayed in their current employment, or stayers, in Q3 2025, up 59,647 (2.3%) from the 2,539,103 observed in Q3 2024. The Q3 2025 figure for stayers is the highest in the series.
Labour Market Churn is part of the CSO's Frontier Series of releases. It uses Revenue PMOD data to provide insights on employee turnover within the labour force. In addition, while the release does not capture the reasons behind employee job moves, it does detail whether job leavers remained employed in the same economic sector, a different sector, or have left PMOD employment.
The series covers the time period from Q2 2020 to the end of the current quarter, Q3 2025.
Job churn: Is a measure of employee turnover providing insight into the number of employees who changed job and stayed in the same job. It is a measure of employee turnover that captures employee job matches over and above the minimum that would be required to accommodate total labour market growth or decline.
Job churn rate: Measures job churn relative to total employment.
Stayers: People who remain in the same job are referred to as stayers; those who take up a new employment are referred to as hirings; and those who leave an employment are called separations.
Total employments: A combination of stayers and hirings.
Job creations: If an enterprise has more hirings than separations in a quarter, then it is said to have had job creations, with the net difference between hirings and separations being the number of job creations. Example:
Job destructions: Conversely, if an enterprise has more separations than hirings in a quarter, then it is said to have had job destructions, with the net difference between separations and hirings being the number of job destructions. Example:
Job creations and job destructions are a net figure based on hirings and separations at enterprise level. In each time period, an enterprise experiences either job creations, no change, or job destructions.
Primary employment: This refers to the main job of employees who have more than one employment. The Background Notes has more information.
| Table 1.1 Job Creation, Destruction, Churn, and Churn Rate | |||||
| Job Creation | Job Destruction | Job Churn | Job Churn Rate | ||
| Number | % | ||||
| Q3 2024 | 141,169 | 115,470 | 371,942 | 13.0 | |
| Q2 2025 | 164,653 | 87,937 | 324,442 | 11.4 | |
| Q3 2025 | 139,023 | 105,672 | 359,960 | 12.4 | |
| Quarterly Change (pp1) | -25,630 | 17,735 | 35,518 | 1.0 | |
| Annual Change (pp) | -2,146 | -9,798 | -11,982 | -0.6 | |
| Source: CSO Labour Market Churn | |||||
| 1pp refers to percentage point change | |||||
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Statistician's Comment
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (27 November 2025) published Labour Market Churn results for Q3 2025.
Labour Market Churn is part of the CSO's Frontier Series of releases, which means care must be taken when interpreting these results as methodologies may change and data sources may be incomplete.
This release uses Revenue PMOD data to provide insights on employee turnover within the labour market. The release contains figures on employees who stay in their current job, those who leave an employment, and those who take up new jobs. It also provides breakdowns of the employee turnover figures by economic sector and firm size. For more information and definitions of the terminology used in the release, please see the Editor's Note below.
Commenting on today’s release, Conor Delves, Statistician in the Labour Market Analysis Section, said: “The job churn figure for Q3 2025 was 359,960, which was a decrease of 11,982 (3.2%) from Q3 2024. The job churn rate, that is the job churn figure relative to total employment, for Q3 2025 was 12.4%, down 0.6 percentage points from the 13.0% recorded in Q3 2024.
There were 139,023 (-1.5%) job creations in Q3 2025 and 105,672 (-8.5%) job destructions in the same period.
The largest increase in job creations in Q3 2025 were seen in Information & Communication, where creations rose by 1,780, and Human Health & Social Work Activities where creations were up by 1,579.
In Q3 2025, the highest job churn rate was recorded in the Administrative & Support Service Activities sector (25.5%), while the lowest rate (2.6%) was recorded in the Services sector.
The firm size group that saw the highest job churn rate in Q3 2025 was those employing 50-249 people (15.7%). The lowest job churn rate in the quarter was in firms with between one and nine employees (6.5%).”