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Labour Market Churn Q2 2025

Results and Analysis

The job churn rate for Q2 2025 was 11.3%, down 0.4 percentage points on the same period in 2024

Online ISSN: 2990-8272

CSO statistical release, 29 August 2025, 11am

A CSO Frontier Series Output

This release is categorised as a CSO Frontier Series Output. Particular care must be taken when interpreting the statistics in this release as it may use new methods which are under development and/or data sources which may be incomplete, for example new administrative data sources.

The highest job churn rate was recorded in the Administrative & Support Service Activities sector (25.6%) in Q2 2025

The lowest churn rate in Q2 2025 was observed in Services at 1.6% followed by Financial, Insurance & Real Estate Activities (6.7%).

Administrative & Support Service Activities recorded the highest job churn in the quarter at 50,842 (-4.4%).

Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector had the highest number of hirings at 48,742 (-6.4%).

The sector that saw the highest number of job creations in Q2 2025 was the Education sector (32,146), with an increase of 4.6% (1,420) from a year earlier.

Wholesale & Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles & Motorcycles had the highest number of separations (43,385) and had the highest number of job destructions (19,374).

Human Health & Social Work Activities had the highest number of stayers (375,671) of all the economics sectors in Q2 2025.

Table 2.1 Job Churn and Job Churn Rate by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter

Table 2.1 Job Churn and Job Churn Rate by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter
	Job Churn						Job Churn Rate
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Number				Number		%				pp¹
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	2,860	2,794	3,270	2,418	-852	-376	9.1	8.6	9.8	7.0	-2.8	-1.6
Industry (B to E)	23,846	23,444	20,806	22,584	1,778	-860	8.2	7.9	6.8	7.4	0.6	-0.5
Construction (F)	15,734	16,096	14,598	16,816	2,218	720	11.5	11.4	10.0	11.3	1.3	-0.1
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	60,638	51,364	42,136	48,022	5,886	-3,342	14.7	12.5	10.0	11.5	1.5	-1.0
Transportation and storage (H)	9,252	9,282	8,202	9,098	896	-184	9.5	9.1	7.8	8.6	0.8	-0.5
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	60,808	53,430	45,218	50,350	5,132	-3,080	24.4	21.2	18.0	20.0	2.0	-1.2
Information and communication (J)	8,496	8,846	9,412	9,406	-6	560	6.0	6.5	6.9	6.8	-0.1	0.3
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	11,106	9,452	9,492	9,478	-14	26	8.0	7.0	6.8	6.7	-0.1	-0.3
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	16,866	18,032	15,290	15,388	98	-2,644	9.7	9.9	8.3	8.4	0.1	-1.5
Administrative and support service activities (N)	54,088	53,174	45,468	50,842	5,374	-2,332	28.3	27.3	22.9	25.6	2.7	-1.7
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	17,344	13,996	18,050	18,638	588	4,642	12.3	9.7	12.3	12.8	0.5	3.1
Education (P)	23,856	22,194	35,582	24,052	-11,530	1,858	9.2	8.1	13.5	8.6	-4.9	0.5
Human health and social work activities (Q)	36,124	32,670	36,688	34,524	-2,164	1,854	9.8	8.3	9.2	8.5	-0.7	0.2
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	12,770	11,342	11,072	11,584	512	242	13.7	11.6	11.1	11.5	0.4	-0.1
Services (T,U)	106	138	162	20	-142	-118	10.6	12.4	13.1	1.6	-11.5	-10.8
Not stated	86	66	90	116	26	50	4.4	4.4	5.2	6.3	1.1	1.9
All Economic Sectors	353,980	326,320	315,536	323,336	7,800	-2,984	13.0	11.7	11.1	11.3	0.2	-0.4
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn
¹pp refers to percentage point change

Open in Excel: Labour Market Churn Q2 2025 Table 2.1 (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table JCQ01 on PxStat

Table 2.2 Hirings and Stayers by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)

Table 2.2 Hirings and Stayers by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)
	Hirings						Stayers
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	5,829	5,289	4,730	5,108	378	-181	26,832	28,306	27,819	29,121	1,302	815
Industry (B to E)	22,802	23,136	21,321	21,997	676	-1,139	269,678	278,232	283,715	284,305	590	6,073
Construction (F)	19,094	19,060	17,800	20,000	2,200	940	118,421	123,914	128,699	131,034	2,335	7,120
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	49,408	42,205	33,264	41,027	7,763	-1,178	360,229	368,678	384,362	373,925	-10,437	5,247
Transportation and storage (H)	10,710	9,180	6,930	9,085	2,155	-95	88,730	93,461	96,893	96,594	-299	3,133
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	58,059	52,081	32,959	48,742	15,783	-3,339	200,291	207,834	212,430	208,806	-3,624	972
Information and communication (J)	10,501	11,162	10,974	12,765	1,791	1,603	129,457	126,665	124,813	125,709	896	-956
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	12,918	10,384	10,387	11,708	1,321	1,324	126,279	125,535	128,630	128,983	353	3,448
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	18,160	20,638	15,740	17,791	2,051	-2,847	157,000	164,924	163,880	166,323	2,443	1,399
Administrative and support service activities (N)	39,622	39,207	31,457	37,170	5,713	-2,037	153,625	158,045	162,674	163,025	351	4,980
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	11,924	14,536	12,535	12,181	-354	-2,355	129,171	132,473	132,504	133,827	1,323	1,354
Education (P)	41,205	41,823	25,526	44,172	18,646	2,349	230,367	244,674	239,192	250,467	11,275	5,793
Human health and social work activities (Q)	30,104	32,599	27,737	36,379	8,642	3,780	341,163	363,421	370,107	375,671	5,564	12,250
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	16,068	15,398	10,678	15,791	5,113	393	79,917	84,988	86,982	87,381	399	2,393
Services (T,U)	159	204	106	45	-61	-159	870	956	1,094	412	-682	-544
Not stated	419	270	338	350	12	80	1,630	1,266	1,441	1,531	90	265
All Economic Sectors	346,982	337,172	262,482	334,311	71,829	-2,861	2,413,660	2,503,372	2,545,235	2,557,114	11,879	53,742
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Open in Excel: Labour Market Churn Q2 2025 Table 2.2 (XLS 11KB)

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Table 2.3a Separations by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)

Table 2.3b Breakdown of Separations of Primary Employments by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector, Q1 2025 (number)

Table 2.4 Job Creation and Destruction by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)

Table 2.4 Job Creation and Destruction by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)
	Job Creation						Job Destruction
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	4,399	3,892	3,095	3,899	804	7	1,775	1,613	3,293	1,765	-1,528	152
Industry (B to E)	10,879	11,414	10,918	10,705	-213	-709	5,935	5,314	6,822	8,696	1,874	3,382
Construction (F)	11,227	11,012	10,501	11,592	1,091	580	7,440	6,893	8,312	7,019	-1,293	126
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	19,089	16,523	12,196	17,016	4,820	493	15,555	16,799	18,156	19,374	1,218	2,575
Transportation and storage (H)	6,084	4,539	2,829	4,536	1,707	-3	2,431	2,787	3,608	2,768	-840	-19
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	27,655	25,366	10,350	23,567	13,217	-1,799	9,599	10,383	20,968	11,690	-9,278	1,307
Information and communication (J)	6,253	6,739	6,268	8,062	1,794	1,323	5,785	4,574	9,359	5,169	-4,190	595
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	7,365	5,658	5,641	6,969	1,328	1,311	3,411	2,808	3,682	3,435	-247	627
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	9,727	11,622	8,095	10,097	2,002	-1,525	5,930	5,322	16,455	5,672	-10,783	350
Administrative and support service activities (N)	12,578	12,620	8,723	11,749	3,026	-871	7,426	8,060	13,359	6,462	-6,897	-1,598
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	3,252	7,538	3,510	2,862	-648	-4,676	3,831	1,679	4,794	2,223	-2,571	544
Education (P)	29,277	30,726	7,735	32,146	24,411	1,420	2,054	2,788	6,876	2,211	-4,665	-577
Human health and social work activities (Q)	12,042	16,264	9,393	19,117	9,724	2,853	9,919	7,821	7,811	7,498	-313	-323
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	9,683	9,727	5,142	9,999	4,857	272	3,967	4,267	7,863	4,663	-3,200	396
Services (T,U)	106	135	25	35	10	-100	55	37	57	104	47	67
Not stated	376	237	293	292	-1	55	181	167	216	186	-30	19
All Economic Sectors	169,992	174,012	104,714	172,643	67,929	-1,369	85,294	81,312	131,631	88,935	-42,696	7,623
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Open in Excel: Labour Market Churn Q2 2025 Table 2.4 (XLS 12KB)

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The firm size with the highest job churn rate in Q2 2025 were those with 50-249 employees

The firm size with the highest job churn rate in Q2 2025 was the 50-249 employee group, where the job churn was 14.2%, down from 15.6% in Q2 2024.

The firm size with the lowest job churn rate in Q2 2025 was the 1-9 employee group, where the job churn rate was 5.7%, down from 5.8% in Q2 2024.

In Q2 2025 only firms with 250+ employees observed an increase (up 0.1pp) in the job churn rate when compared with Q2 2024. The largest decrease was seen in firms with 50 to 249 employees, down 1.4 percentage points from a job churn rate of 15.6% to 14.2%.

Firms with 250+ employees accounted for 31.8% of all job creations in Q2 2025 (54,912), down from a year ago when firms of this size made up 35.1% of job creations (61,034).

Looking at job destructions, firms with up to 49 employees accounted for 64.4% of all job destructions in Q2 2025 (57,289). This was an increase on Q2 2024, when firms of this size were made up of 63.0% of job destructions (51,219).

The group of enterprises that made up the largest number of destructions by firm size was the 1 to 9 employees’ group. This group made up 43.4% of destructions in Q2 2025 (38,616), up from 40.2% of all destructions 12 months ago (32,665).

Table 2.5 Job Churn and Job Churn Rate by Firm Size and Quarter

Table 2.6 Hirings and Stayers by Firm Size and Quarter (number)

Table 2.7 Separations by Firm Size and Quarter (number)

Table 2.8 Job Creation and Destruction by Firm Size and Quarter (number)

Irish-owned enterprises accounted for 76.9% of the job churn in Q2 2025

In Q2 2025 there were 2,891,425 recorded employments, Irish-owned affiliates accounted for highest proportion at 75.8% followed by Foreign-owned affiliates owned by non-EU multinationals at 19.1% and Foreign-owned affiliates owned by EU multinationals at 5.1%.

The total number of jobs created in Q2 2025 was 172,643, a decrease of 1,369 (0.8%) when compared with the previous year. Jobs created by Irish-owned enterprises accounted for 88.7% (153,182) of all jobs created in Q2 2025.

There were 88,935 job destructions in Q2 2025, an increase of 7,623 (9.4%) when compared with the previous year. The number of jobs destroyed was highest among Irish-owned enterprises which accounted for 74.5% (66,264) of the total figure.

Job churn rate for Irish-owned enterprises in Q2 2025 was 11.5%, a decline of 0.3 percentage points when compared with a year earlier. All Foreign-owned enterprises saw a fall of 0.8 percentage points, from 11.4% in Q2 2024 to 10.6% in Q2 2025.

Table 2.9 Job Churn and Job Churn Rate by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership

Table 2.10 Hirings and Stayers by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership (number)

Table 2.11 Separations by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership (number)

Table 2.12 Job Creation and Destruction by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership (number)

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Table 2.3a Separations by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector and Quarter (number)
	Separations
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	3,205	3,010	4,928	2,974	-1,954	-36
Industry (B to E)	17,858	17,036	17,225	19,988	2,763	2,952
Construction (F)	15,307	14,941	15,611	15,427	-184	486
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	45,874	42,481	39,224	43,385	4,161	904
Transportation and storage (H)	7,057	7,428	7,709	7,317	-392	-111
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	40,003	37,098	43,577	36,865	-6,712	-233
Information and communication (J)	10,033	8,997	14,065	9,872	-4,193	875
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	8,964	7,534	8,428	8,174	-254	640
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	14,363	14,338	24,100	13,366	-10,734	-972
Administrative and support service activities (N)	34,470	34,647	36,093	31,883	-4,210	-2,764
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	12,503	8,677	13,819	11,542	-2,277	2,865
Education (P)	13,982	13,885	24,667	14,237	-10,430	352
Human health and social work activities (Q)	27,981	24,156	26,155	24,760	-1,395	604
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	10,352	9,938	13,399	10,455	-2,944	517
Services (T,U)	108	106	138	114	-24	8
Not stated	224	200	261	244	-17	44
All Economic Sectors	262,284	244,472	289,399	250,603	-38,796	6,131
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Table 2.3b Breakdown of Separations of Primary Employments¹ by NACE Rev.2 Economic Sector, Q2 2025 (number)
	Separations of Primary Employments
Economic Sector (Nace Rev.2)	Same² Economic Sector	Different³ Economic Sector	No longer employed⁴	Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing (A)	119	305	1,367	1,791
Industry (B to E)	812	2,424	7,858	11,094
Construction (F)	1,102	2,063	5,793	8,958
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (G)	2,702	3,308	16,686	22,696
Transportation and storage (H)	326	1,026	2,898	4,250
Accommodation and food service activities (I)	3,064	2,862	12,715	18,641
Information and communication (J)	978	1,132	3,724	5,834
Financial, insurance and real estate activities (K,L)	566	1,302	2,718	4,586
Professional, scientific and technical activities (M)	501	1,947	5,266	7,714
Administrative and support service activities (N)	1,275	3,560	8,919	13,754
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security (O)	156	1,099	2,905	4,160
Education (P)	331	1,189	4,921	6,441
Human health and social work activities (Q)	1,254	1,501	9,606	12,361
Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities (R,S)	357	1,261	4,254	5,872
Services (T,U)	0	7	36	43
Not stated	3	36	94	133
All Economic Sectors	13,546	25,022	89,760	128,328
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn
^1.Any additional employments have been excluded.
^2.Employees who have changed employer but stayed in the same Economic Sector.
^3. Employees who have changed employer and Economic Sector.
^4.Employees who had an employer in the previous quarter but do not in the current quarter.

Table 2.6 Hirings and Stayers by Firm Size and Quarter (number)
	Hirings						Stayers
Firm Size	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
1 to 9 Employees	43,088	41,256	37,941	40,841	2,900	-415	273,402	277,549	282,643	282,440	-203	4,891
10 to 49 Employees	84,644	78,841	60,556	79,557	19,001	716	455,184	471,544	483,943	484,206	263	12,662
50 to 249 Employees	83,441	77,603	54,778	78,768	23,990	1,165	465,683	478,347	483,545	490,641	7,096	12,294
250+ Employees	135,809	139,472	109,207	135,145	25,938	-4,327	1,219,391	1,275,932	1,295,104	1,299,827	4,723	23,895
All employees	346,982	337,172	262,482	334,311	71,829	-2,861	2,413,660	2,503,372	2,545,235	2,557,114	11,879	53,742
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Table 2.7 Separations by Firm Size and Quarter (number)
	Separations
Firm Size	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
1 to 9 Employees	42,136	41,922	60,630	47,855	-12,775	5,933
10 to 49 Employees	51,798	51,749	66,033	51,282	-14,751	-467
50 to 249 Employees	56,206	52,899	58,358	51,037	-7,321	-1,862
250+ Employees	112,144	97,902	104,378	100,429	-3,949	2,527
All Employees	262,284	244,472	289,399	250,603	-38,796	6,131
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

Table 2.8 Job Creation and Destruction by Firm Size and Quarter (number)
	Job Creation						Job Destruction
Firm Size	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
1 to 9 Employees	33,470	31,999	28,195	31,602	3,407	-397	32,518	32,665	50,884	38,616	-12,268	5,951
10 to 49 Employees	49,335	45,646	29,525	46,948	17,423	1,302	16,489	18,554	35,002	18,673	-16,329	119
50 to 249 Employees	38,140	35,333	18,331	39,181	20,850	3,848	10,905	10,629	21,911	11,450	-10,461	821
250+ Employees	49,047	61,034	28,663	54,912	26,249	-6,122	25,382	19,464	23,834	20,196	-3,638	732
All Employees	169,992	174,012	104,714	172,643	67,929	-1,369	85,294	81,312	131,631	88,935	-42,696	7,623
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn

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Labour Market Churn Q2 2025

Results and Analysis

The job churn rate for Q2 2025 was 11.3%, down 0.4 percentage points on the same period in 2024

A CSO Frontier Series Output

The highest job churn rate was recorded in the Administrative & Support Service Activities sector (25.6%) in Q2 2025

The firm size with the highest job churn rate in Q2 2025 were those with 50-249 employees

Irish-owned enterprises accounted for 76.9% of the job churn in Q2 2025

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Table 2.11 Separations by Nationality of Enterprise Ownership and Quarter (number)
	Separations
Foreign/Domestic	Q2 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	Q2 2025	Quarterly Change	Annual Change
Irish-owned affiliates	202,040	191,576	237,504	190,649	-46,855	-927
Foreign-owned affiliates owned by EU multinationals	10,864	9,862	10,893	9,897	-996	35
Foreign-owned affiliates owned by non-EU multinationals	45,892	42,571	40,994	48,303	7,309	5,732
All Foreign-owned affiliates	56,756	52,433	51,887	58,200	6,313	5,767
Not Stated	3,488	463	8	1,754	1,746	1,291
All enterprises	262,284	244,472	289,399	250,603	-38,796	6,131
Source: CSO Labour Market Churn