CSO Frontier Series outputs may use new methods which are under development and/or data sources which may be incomplete, for example new administrative data sources. Particular care must be taken when interpreting the statistics in this release.
In June 2026, the annual Consumer Price Index (CPI) rate of inflation was 3.4%. New analysis by the CSO estimates that some lower-income households experienced a higher rate of inflation of 3.6%, while it was 3.4% for households with the highest incomes.
Households headed by a person aged under 35 had an estimated inflation rate of 3.9%. However, when the household reference person was aged 35 to 64 it was estimated at 3.4%, and estimated at 3.2% for those aged 65 or over.
Households renting had an estimated annual inflation rate of 3.7% compared with a rate of 3.4% for households paying a mortgage and 3.1% for households that own their home outright.
The annual inflation rate for urban households was 3.4%, while estimated inflation stood at 3.5% for rural households.
Households with children had an estimated inflation rate of 3.3% while households without children had an estimated inflation rate of 3.5%.
Households with only one adult had an estimated inflation rate of 3.6% compared with 3.4% for households with two adults and for those with three or more adults.
In the five years between June 2021 and June 2026, the index for Mortgage Interest Payments rose by 91.5%, prices for Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels were 69.8% higher, and the index for Rent was up 39.5%.
The official measure of inflation as published in the CPI shows that prices for consumer goods and services rose by 3.4% from June 2025 to June 2026. Over the same period, estimated annual rates of inflation changed when split into four equal groups depending on income (income quartiles). Estimated inflation by income quartile ranged from 3.4% for higher quartiles by income (third and fourth) over this period to 3.6% per annum for the lowest quartile (first). See Table 2 and Figure 3.
In the 12 months to June 2026, household groups which were estimated to have experienced inflation at a higher rate than the official measure of inflation of 3.4% included:
Restaurants & Accommodation Services, Transport, and Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels were the largest drivers of inflation in the 12 months to June 2026. See Table 4.
Restaurants & Accommodation Services price changes were responsible for more than one-fifth of the annual change in the CPI (0.7 percentage points of the 3.4% annual increase) while Transport and Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels both contributed another seventh each of the change (both 0.5 percentage points). Looking at household breakdowns:
Price changes for the different household groups for the five years from June 2021 to June 2026 were also published today. Over that period, overall inflation as measured by the CPI was 24.5% while estimated inflation by income quartiles show a range from 24.2% for higher income households to 25.7% for lower income households. The lowest income quartile experienced an estimated price increase of 25.7% over those five years, while the highest income quartile experienced a rise of 24.3%. See Table 2 and Figure 2.
In the five years since June 2021, the estimated inflation experienced by households who owned their dwelling with a mortgage and households that rented were higher than the CPI and stood at 25.7% and 25.9%, respectively.
Inflation in the last five years for urban households is estimated at 24.8% compared with 23.9% for rural households.
In the five years since June 2021, the estimated inflation experienced by households with the reference person aged under 35 years was higher than the overall CPI (25.8% versus 24.5%).
Households where the household reference person was aged over 65 years had lower estimated inflation than the average CPI since June 2021 (23.6% versus 24.5%).
Inflation in the last five years for households with children is estimated at 24.1% compared with 24.8% for households without children.
In the five years since June 2021, the estimated inflation experienced by households with only one adult and households with two adults were higher than the CPI and stood at 25.8% and 24.6%, respectively.
In the tables and commentary, the following periods are distinguished:
In the five years from June 2021 to June 2026, the CPI rose by 24.5%, with just over one-seventh of this change being concentrated in the final 12 months. Between June 2021 and June 2025 (four years), the CPI increased by 20.4% while in the 12 months from September 2022 to June 2026, the CPI rose by 3.4%. See Table 1.
Further details for selected CPI subindices are also shown in Table 1 and Figure 1.
| Table 1 Change in All Items CPI and selected subindices, June 2021 to June 2026 (5 years), June 2021 to June 2025 (4 years) and June 2025 to June 2026 (1 year) | |||||||||
| 01. Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages | 02. Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco | 04.1 Rent | 04.2 Mortgage Interest Payments | 04.5 Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels | 07. Transport | 11. Restaurants & Accommodation Services | CPI All Items | ||
| June-2021 to June-2026 (5 years) | 26.4 | 23.8 | 39.5 | 91.5 | 69.8 | 23.5 | 28.4 | 24.5 | |
| June-2021 to June-2025 (4 years) | 25.7 | 20.6 | 31.8 | 77.8 | 55.4 | 18.6 | 23.8 | 20.4 | |
| June-2025 to June-2026 (1 year) | 0.6 | 2.6 | 5.8 | 7.7 | 9.3 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.4 | |
| CPI All Items | 01. Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages | 02. Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco | 04.1 Rent | 04.2 Mortgage Interest Payments | 04.5 Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels | 07. Transport | 11. Restaurants & Accommodation Services | |
| 2021 June | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 2021 July | 100.4 | 100.5 | 100.6 | 100.2 | 100 | 102.2 | 102.7 | 100.8 |
| 2021 August | 101.1 | 100.1 | 100.7 | 101.6 | 100.3 | 107 | 104.6 | 101.3 |
| 2021 September | 101.4 | 99.9 | 101.6 | 103.9 | 100.8 | 108.6 | 104.1 | 100.7 |
| 2021 October | 102.1 | 100.2 | 100.9 | 104.8 | 101.2 | 114.9 | 106.3 | 100.5 |
| 2021 November | 102.7 | 100.4 | 100.2 | 105.2 | 101.4 | 118.5 | 107.7 | 100.2 |
| 2021 December | 103.3 | 100.8 | 98.1 | 105.9 | 101.9 | 118.6 | 110.8 | 100.6 |
| 2022 January | 102.8 | 100.8 | 107.9 | 106.3 | 102.4 | 120 | 106.7 | 100.3 |
| 2022 February | 103.7 | 101.7 | 106.6 | 107.2 | 102.9 | 122.8 | 109 | 100.9 |
| 2022 March | 105.7 | 102.6 | 106.5 | 108 | 103.1 | 141.8 | 114.5 | 102.8 |
| 2022 April | 106.7 | 103.5 | 105.8 | 109.2 | 103.6 | 142.4 | 116.5 | 104.5 |
| 2022 May | 107.7 | 104.2 | 108 | 110.6 | 103.7 | 156.4 | 114.6 | 105.7 |
| 2022 June | 109.1 | 106.7 | 108.2 | 111.3 | 104.2 | 160.1 | 120.3 | 106.9 |
| 2022 July | 109.6 | 108.2 | 108.4 | 112.5 | 104.4 | 158.2 | 122.5 | 108.2 |
| 2022 August | 109.7 | 108.9 | 108.7 | 113.8 | 105.8 | 159.2 | 120 | 108.6 |
| 2022 September | 109.8 | 109.6 | 108.9 | 114.3 | 108.5 | 162.4 | 115.8 | 108.2 |
| 2022 October | 111.6 | 110.8 | 109.8 | 114.8 | 116.3 | 198.3 | 115.9 | 107.9 |
| 2022 November | 111.9 | 111.5 | 109.3 | 115.3 | 122.6 | 196.5 | 116.3 | 107.9 |
| 2022 December | 111.7 | 112.7 | 108.7 | 115.9 | 124.3 | 190.9 | 113.2 | 108.6 |
| 2023 January | 110.7 | 113.6 | 111.4 | 116.2 | 129.9 | 191.3 | 110.1 | 107.6 |
| 2023 February | 112.6 | 115 | 111.8 | 117.1 | 135.5 | 189.4 | 112.6 | 109.7 |
| 2023 March | 113.8 | 116.1 | 111.7 | 117.8 | 139.2 | 188.1 | 114.9 | 111.8 |
| 2023 April | 114.4 | 117 | 112.3 | 118 | 146 | 186.2 | 113.9 | 112.8 |
| 2023 May | 114.8 | 117.4 | 113.4 | 118.6 | 149.6 | 181.5 | 112.6 | 114.7 |
| 2023 June | 115.8 | 117.5 | 113.2 | 119.2 | 152.5 | 182.2 | 115.5 | 115.7 |
| 2023 July | 116 | 117.7 | 113.3 | 119.9 | 156 | 181.9 | 117 | 116.1 |
| 2023 August | 116.7 | 117.9 | 113.3 | 121.2 | 159.9 | 186.2 | 117.7 | 116.4 |
| 2023 September | 116.8 | 118.2 | 113.7 | 122.3 | 162.1 | 188.3 | 116.5 | 116.7 |
| 2023 October | 117.2 | 118.6 | 114.4 | 122.3 | 164.9 | 184.7 | 117.8 | 116.2 |
| 2023 November | 116.2 | 119 | 114.5 | 122.4 | 168.1 | 169.6 | 116.3 | 115.4 |
| 2023 December | 116.8 | 119 | 113.9 | 123.3 | 169.8 | 167.8 | 117.1 | 115.7 |
| 2024 January | 115.3 | 118.8 | 116.6 | 123.4 | 171.1 | 167.1 | 112.3 | 115.3 |
| 2024 February | 116.5 | 119.6 | 115.8 | 123.8 | 173 | 166.8 | 115.7 | 116.8 |
| 2024 March | 117.1 | 119.5 | 115.3 | 124.2 | 174.4 | 157.9 | 119.1 | 117.9 |
| 2024 April | 117.3 | 120.2 | 117.5 | 124.3 | 176.4 | 157.4 | 118.5 | 118.4 |
| 2024 May | 117.9 | 120.5 | 117.4 | 124.7 | 177.2 | 156.9 | 120.1 | 120.1 |
| 2024 June | 118.3 | 120.2 | 117.1 | 125.8 | 178.6 | 156.2 | 121.1 | 120.9 |
| 2024 July | 118.6 | 120.2 | 117.2 | 126 | 178.6 | 156 | 123.4 | 121.2 |
| 2024 August | 118.7 | 120.2 | 117.5 | 126.8 | 179.5 | 155.2 | 122.5 | 121.8 |
| 2024 September | 117.6 | 120.5 | 117.2 | 128 | 180.5 | 154 | 116.2 | 121.2 |
| 2024 October | 118 | 121.1 | 119.9 | 128.5 | 178.4 | 156.2 | 115.3 | 120.5 |
| 2024 November | 117.4 | 121.3 | 118.5 | 129 | 176.7 | 154.9 | 114.3 | 119.8 |
| 2024 December | 118.5 | 121.4 | 117.4 | 129.8 | 177.8 | 155 | 119 | 120 |
| 2025 January | 117.5 | 121.9 | 121.1 | 130 | 177.8 | 156.2 | 116.6 | 119.8 |
| 2025 February | 118.6 | 122.6 | 120.2 | 130.2 | 177.1 | 156.4 | 118.5 | 120.4 |
| 2025 March | 119.4 | 123.5 | 120.2 | 130.7 | 178.1 | 155.4 | 120.8 | 121.8 |
| 2025 April | 119.9 | 124.3 | 120.2 | 130.9 | 177.4 | 156.2 | 120.6 | 122.3 |
| 2025 May | 119.9 | 125.2 | 121.1 | 131.3 | 176.9 | 155.5 | 117.3 | 123.5 |
| 2025 June | 120.4 | 125.7 | 120.6 | 131.8 | 177.8 | 155.4 | 118.6 | 123.8 |
| 2025 July | 120.6 | 125.8 | 120.7 | 131.9 | 177.6 | 157 | 119.9 | 124.4 |
| 2025 August | 121 | 126.4 | 121.3 | 132.4 | 178.1 | 156.5 | 119.7 | 124.9 |
| 2025 September | 120.8 | 126.2 | 121.3 | 133 | 179.6 | 156.2 | 117.7 | 124.8 |
| 2025 October | 121.4 | 126.5 | 122.3 | 133.2 | 181.2 | 159.7 | 117.3 | 124.4 |
| 2025 November | 121.1 | 126.5 | 121.4 | 133.5 | 182.7 | 160.2 | 117.3 | 124.1 |
| 2025 December | 121.7 | 126.4 | 120.5 | 134.2 | 183.7 | 159.6 | 119.3 | 124.3 |
| 2026 January | 120.7 | 126.7 | 123.8 | 134.3 | 185.2 | 158.9 | 116.5 | 123.7 |
| 2026 February | 121.7 | 126.7 | 123.2 | 134.4 | 186.2 | 159.2 | 118.1 | 124.8 |
| 2026 March | 123.7 | 126.3 | 122.9 | 135.5 | 187.3 | 175.3 | 124.2 | 126 |
| 2026 April | 124.3 | 126.8 | 123.3 | 136.6 | 189.5 | 178.2 | 125.2 | 127.1 |
| 2026 May | 124.2 | 126.9 | 124 | 137 | 190.5 | 171.6 | 124.5 | 128 |
| 2026 June | 124.5 | 126.4 | 123.8 | 139.5 | 191.5 | 169.8 | 123.5 | 128.4 |
For Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels, prices rose by 55.4% in the four years between June 2021 to June 2025, followed by an increase of 9.3% in the year from June 2025 to June 2026. This means that prices for Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels in June 2026 were 69.8% higher than five years earlier.
The index for Mortgage Interest Payments rose by 77.8% in the four years from June 2021 to June 2025, and by 7.7% in the year from June 2025 to June 2026. The Mortgage Interest Payments index was 91.5% higher in June 2026 than five years earlier.
The index for Rent increased by 31.8% in the four years from June 2021 to June 2025, and by 5.8% in the year from June 2025 to June 2026. The Rent index was 39.5% higher in June 2026 than five years earlier.
Looking at these CPI results, we can expect that household groups which spend higher than average proportions of their total expenditure on Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels, on Mortgage Interest Payments, or on Rent to have experienced higher inflation than the overall CPI particularly in the last 12 months. The results analysing these points are presented in Tables 3 and 4 below.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) subindices were combined with detailed expenditure data from the 2022 to 2023 Household Budget Survey (HBS) to calculate an estimated inflation rate in the five years from June 2021 to June 2026, for the following groups:
The method used is described in the Appendix of the March 2022 research paper.
The following household groups were estimated to have experienced higher inflation than the overall CPI increase of 24.5% from June 2021 to June 2026 (five years):
Figure 2 shows the difference from the overall CPI increase of 24.5% for different household groups for the five years from June 2021 to June 2026. All the household categories in the analysis had estimated inflation of 22.2% or more in the five years from June 2021 to June 2026. This ranged from 22.2% for households who owned their home outright to 25.9% for households that were renting their home.
| Indices | Estimated difference |
|---|---|
| 1st (Lowest) Income Quartile | 1.2 |
| 2nd Income Quartile | 0 |
| 3rd Income Quartile | -0.3 |
| 4th (Highest) Income Quartile | -0.2 |
| Owned Outright | -2.3 |
| Owned with Mortgage | 1.2 |
| Rented | 1.4 |
| Urban | 0.3 |
| Rural | -0.6 |
| Under 35 years | 1.3 |
| 35 to 64 years | 0 |
| 65 years or over | -0.9 |
| No children | 0.3 |
| Children | -0.4 |
| 1 adult | 1.3 |
| 2 adults | 0.1 |
| More than 2 adults | -0.5 |
In the past year, from June 2025 to June 2026, the following categories of household were estimated to have experienced higher inflation than the overall CPI increase of 3.4%:
Figure 3 shows the difference from the overall CPI increase of 3.4% for different household groups in the 12 months from June 2025 to June 2026. All categories of household in the analysis had estimated annual inflation of 3.1% or more in the year to June 2026. This ranged from 3.1% for households who owned their home outright up to 3.9% for households where the household reference person was aged under 35 years.
| Indices | Estimated difference |
|---|---|
| 1st (Lowest) Income Quartile | 0.2 |
| 2nd Income Quartile | 0.1 |
| 3rd Income Quartile | 0 |
| 4th (Highest) Income Quartile | 0 |
| Owned Outright | -0.3 |
| Owned with Mortgage | 0 |
| Rented | 0.3 |
| Urban | 0 |
| Rural | 0.1 |
| Under 35 years | 0.5 |
| 35 to 64 years | 0 |
| 65 years or over | -0.2 |
| No children | 0.1 |
| Children | -0.1 |
| 1 adult | 0.2 |
| 2 adults | 0 |
| More than 2 adults | 0 |
| Table 2 Estimated Difference from CPI Inflation by Household Characteristics | |||||
| Type of Household | June 2021 to June 2026 (5 years) | June 2025 to June 2026 (1 year) | |||
| Inflation (%) | Difference (%) from overall inflation | Inflation (%) | Difference (%) from overall inflation | ||
| All Households | 24.5 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 0.0 | |
| Income | |||||
| 1st (Lowest) Income Quartile | 25.7 | 1.2 | 3.6 | 0.2 | |
| 2nd Income Quartile | 24.5 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 0.1 | |
| 3rd Income Quartile | 24.2 | -0.3 | 3.4 | 0.0 | |
| 4th (Highest) Income Quartile | 24.3 | -0.2 | 3.4 | 0.0 | |
| Household Tenure | |||||
| Owned Outright | 22.2 | -2.3 | 3.1 | -0.3 | |
| Owned with Mortgage | 25.7 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 0.0 | |
| Rented | 25.9 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 0.3 | |
| Household Location | |||||
| Urban | 24.8 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 0.0 | |
| Rural | 23.9 | -0.6 | 3.5 | 0.1 | |
| Age of Household Reference Person | |||||
| Under 35 years | 25.8 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 0.5 | |
| 35 to 64 years | 24.5 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 0.0 | |
| 65 years or over | 23.6 | -0.9 | 3.2 | -0.2 | |
| With/without Children | |||||
| No children | 24.8 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 0.1 | |
| Children | 24.1 | -0.4 | 3.3 | -0.1 | |
| Number of Adults in Household | |||||
| 1 adult | 25.8 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 0.2 | |
| 2 adults | 24.6 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 0.0 | |
| More than 2 adults | 24.0 | -0.5 | 3.4 | 0.0 | |
| Table 3 Contributions to Estimated Inflation by Household Characteristics, June 2021 to June 2026 (5 years), % | |||||||||||
| Type of Household | 01. Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages | 02. Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco | 04.1 Rent | 04.2 Mortgage Interest Payments | 04.5 Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels | 07. Transport | 11. Restaurants & Accommodation Services | Other | Total | ||
| All Households | 2.9 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 4.4 | 24.5 | ||
| Income | |||||||||||
| 1st (Lowest) Income Quartile | 3.7 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 25.7 | ||
| 2nd Income Quartile | 3.4 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 24.5 | ||
| 3rd Income Quartile | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 24.2 | ||
| 4th (Highest) Income Quartile | 2.4 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 4.3 | 24.3 | ||
| Household Tenure | |||||||||||
| Owned Outright | 3.1 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 22.2 | ||
| Owned with Mortgage | 2.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 25.7 | ||
| Rented | 2.9 | 1.7 | 9.7 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 25.9 | ||
| Household Location | |||||||||||
| Urban | 2.7 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 24.8 | ||
| Rural | 3.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 23.9 | ||
| Age of Household Reference Person | |||||||||||
| Under 35 years | 2.6 | 1.4 | 6.9 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 25.8 | ||
| 35 to 64 years | 2.9 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 24.5 | ||
| 65 years or over | 3.3 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 23.6 | ||
| With/without Children | |||||||||||
| No children | 2.8 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 24.8 | ||
| Children | 3.1 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 24.1 | ||
| Number of Adults in Household | |||||||||||
| 1 adult | 2.6 | 1.5 | 5.0 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 4.9 | 3.2 | 25.8 | ||
| 2 adults | 2.9 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 24.6 | ||
| More than 2 adults | 3.0 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 24.0 | ||
| Table 4 Contributions to Estimated Inflation by Household Characteristics, June 2025 to June 2026 (1 year), % | |||||||||||
| Type of Household | 01. Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages | 02. Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco | 04.1 Rent | 04.2 Mortgage Interest Payments | 04.5 Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels | 07. Transport | 11. Restaurants & Accommodation Services | Other | Total | ||
| All Households | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 3.4 | ||
| Income | |||||||||||
| 1st (Lowest) Income Quartile | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 3.6 | ||
| 2nd Income Quartile | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 3.5 | ||
| 3rd Income Quartile | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 3.4 | ||
| 4th (Highest) Income Quartile | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 3.4 | ||
| Household Tenure | |||||||||||
| Owned Outright | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 3.1 | ||
| Owned with Mortgage | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 3.4 | ||
| Rented | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 3.7 | ||
| Household Location | |||||||||||
| Urban | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 3.4 | ||
| Rural | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 3.5 | ||
| Age of Household Reference Person | |||||||||||
| Under 35 years | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 3.9 | ||
| 35 to 64 years | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 3.4 | ||
| 65 years or over | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 3.2 | ||
| With/without Children | |||||||||||
| No children | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 3.5 | ||
| Children | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 3.3 | ||
| Number of Adults in Household | |||||||||||
| 1 adult | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 3.6 | ||
| 2 adults | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 3.4 | ||
| More than 2 adults | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 3.4 | ||
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Statistician's Comment
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (17 September 2026) published Estimates of Inflation by Household Characteristics. This is the fifth in a series of research papers and releases where the CSO estimates how the inflation rate affects different types of households in Ireland depending on age, household composition, income, and other characteristics. See Background Notes for more information.
This release is a Frontier Series output which means care must be taken when interpreting these results as methodologies may change and data sources may be incomplete.
Commenting on this CSO Frontier Series release, Edel Flannery, Senior Statistician in the Prices Division, said: “The annual rate of inflation had been on a general downward trend from the high of 9.2% observed in October 2022 until August 2024 when it fell below 2.0% for the first time since June 2021. With the exception of April 2025 when it stood at 2.2%, annual inflation remained at or under 2.0% from August 2024 until August 2025 but has since ranged from 2.7% to 3.7% as of August 2026. The price of fuel in particular has had an upward impact on inflation over that time, due to the ongoing situation in the Middle East. These continued elevated rates of inflation have renewed interest in price change and its effects on households.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of average inflation for all private households in Ireland. However, each household has its own unique consumption pattern of goods and services and therefore its own personal experience of inflation. This release attempts to take account of those differences between households and provides an estimated breakdown of the CPI results by household characteristics up to June 2026. This analysis builds on a series of Research Papers and statistical releases on this topic previously published by the CSO.
The estimates in this release have been calculated by combining the CPI results from June 2026 with more detailed expenditure data from the 2022 to 2023 Household Budget Survey. Estimates of inflation are classified by household income, housing tenure, age of the household reference person, whether the household is in an urban or rural setting, and composition of the household; children in household (yes or no) and number of adults in the household.”