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Methodology Previous Releases
International comparison:
For more information on this release:
E-mail: crime@cso.ie Tim Linehan (+353) 21 453 5264
For general information on CSO statistics:
information@cso.ie (+353) 21 453 5000 On-line ISSN 2009-7076
CSO statistical release, , 11am

Prison Recidivism

2009 cohort

Offender numbers classified by whether there was a re-offence within three years, 2009 cohort
  Re-offence within three yearsRecidivism1 rate
  
     
  YesNoTotal%
Total offenders3,5633,9447,50747.5
    
Sex    
Male3,2543,5036,75748.2
Female30944175041.2
      
All persons age group    
<21 years49641691254.4
21-251,1269672,09353.8
26-307528121,56448.1
31-354985881,08645.9
36-4029739168843.2
41-5031051582537.6
 51-607119026127.2
 61 +13657816.7
1 See Background Notes.

47.5% of released prisoners in 2009 re-offend within 3 years

Recidivism rates by age and sex, 2009 cohort
go to full release

This release is a study of unique individuals who were released from the custody of the Irish Prison Service in the year 2009, and their subsequent levels of re-offending (which is termed recidivism, and is based on first subsequent conviction).  Please see the Background Notes for detailed information on how recidivism is defined (certain road traffic offences are not included in the definition); the scope and extent of this study; and how these figures were produced. 

In 2009, some 7,507 individuals were released from the custody of the Irish Prison Service.  Of these, 3,563 (47.5%) re-offended within a three-year period  However, there are significant differences in the re-offending rates (recidivism) when considering age, sex and the initial offence for which the offender was imprisoned (imprisonment offence).  See table 1.

The CSO resumed the publication of recorded crime statistics in June 2015. This follows a comprehensive review of the accuracy of Garda Síochana crime data, on foot of the Garda Inspectorate report on Crime Investigation, published 11th November 2014. When interpreting the recorded crime statistics, the CSO advises that the findings of the review should be taken into account. 

In particular, the CSO recommends that caution be applied to the measure of recidivism. Recidivism measures are based on recorded offences, however, the CSO review found that not all offences reported to An Garda Síochana were being recorded on PULSE. As a result, it is possible that the rate of recidivism would be higher if this “recording gap” did not exist. 

http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/releasespublications/documents/crimejustice/2015/reviewofcrime.pdf

 

Rate comparison 2008 and 2009 

The recorded recidivism rate in 2009 was 47.5%, a decrease from the 51.0% recorded in 2008.  This fall is also visible when considering the demographic profile of offenders. For example, male re-offending fell from 51.5% to 48.2% between 2008 and 2009 while female re-offending rates fell from 46.2% to 41.2%.  See table 1. 

Recidivism fell in most offence groups between 2008 and 2009. However, rises were observed for groups including Group 07 Burglary and related offences where rates rose from 60.8% to 69.9%. 

Recidivism was higher for males than females and for younger age groups.  Almost 80% of re-offences occurred within 12 months of release. 

Of the 7,507 individuals released in 2009, 90.0% (6,757) were male, over 55% were aged 30 years or less, and a small proportion (4.2%) aged 51 years or greater. 

Of released individuals, 15.8% had been imprisoned for Group 13 Public Order and Other Social Code Offences and 9.8% imprisoned for Group 08 Theft and Related Offence andalmost 24.4% for Group 14 Road Traffic Offences (NEC). See table 1.

Recidivism by age and sex 

Of the 6,757 males released in 2009, 48.2% reoffended within three years, while the corresponding figure for females was 41.2%.  See table 1 and figure 1. 

Overall, recidivism rates decreased with age.  While 54.4% of individuals aged less than 21 years re-offended; the recidivism rate fell to 27.2% for the 51-60 year age category and 16.7% for those aged 61 years and older (though it is important to note that there were only 78 individuals in the latter age group).

Initial Imprisonment offence 

Recidivism rates differed by initial imprisonment offence.  The lowest rates were recorded for Group 02 Sexual Offences (21.1%), and Group 09 Fraud, Deception and Related Offences (27.2%). 

The highest rates were recorded for Group 15 Offences against Government, Justice Procedures and Organisation of Crime (60.6%) and Group 13 Public Order and other Social Code Offences (60.5%).  See table 1.

Initial Imprisonment offence and re-offence

Of the 3,563 re-offenders, 2,381 (67.1%) committed a first subsequent re-offence either in Group 13 Public Order and Other Social Code Offences, Group 08 Theft and Related Offences or Group 10 Controlled Drug Offences.  See table 2. 

When considering initial imprisonment offences, and subsequent re-offences, different trends were seen across different offence groups.  Of the 715 re-offences where the initial offence was classified under Group 13 Public Order and Other Social Code Offences, 366 (51.2%) of the subsequent re-offences were also classified under Group 13. 

Such a relationship between imprisonment offence and subsequent re-offence is not as evident in other groups.  For example of re-offenders initially imprisoned for Group 08 Theft and Related Offences, 189 (39.5%) re-offended in the same group, while 98 (20.5%) re-offended in Group 13 Public Order and Other Social Code Offences.

 Time to re-offence and re-offending rate

Of the 3,563 individuals who re-offended, the great majority (2,304 or 64.7%) did so within the first six months of official release from custody.  See tables 2 and 3.

Re-offenders by time period to first re-offence, 2009 cohort

 

Table 1 Offender numbers classified by sex, age group, initial imprisonment offence and whether there was a re-offence within three years, 2008 and 2009 cohort
              
2008 cohort 2009 cohort  
            
           
Re-offence withinRecidivism1Re-offence within Recidivism Recidivism
three yearsrate three years rate rate
         
          
         Absolute
YesNoTotal% YesNoTotal % change
              
          
Total offenders2,8022,6875,48951.0 3,5633,9447,507 47.5 - 3.6
        
Sex          
 Male2,5682,4154,98351.5 3,2543,5036,757 48.2 - 3.4
Female23427250646.2 309441750 41.2 - 5.0
       
Male age group          
<21 years36526863357.7 465376841 55.3 - 2.4
21-257836411,42455.0 1,0278671,894 54.2 - 0.8
26-305544541,00855.0 6897121,401 49.2 - 5.8
31-3533532065551.1 444517961 46.2 - 4.9
36-4023922546451.5 270343613 44.0 - 7.5
41-5022733656340.3 286445731 39.1 - 1.2
51-605112317429.3 62179241 25.7 - 3.6
61 +14486222.6 116475 14.7 - 7.9
           
Female age group          
<21 years14203441.2 314071 43.7 +2.5 
21-25655111656.0 99100199 49.7 - 6.3
26-30457111638.8 63100163 38.7 - 0.1
31-35485310147.5 5471125 43.2 - 4.3
36-4030326248.4 274875 36.0 -12.4
41-5026356142.6 247094 25.5 -17.1
51-60581338.5 91120 45.0 +6.5
61 +12333.3 213 66.7 +33.3
          
All persons age group          
 <21 years37928866756.8 496416912 54.4 - 2.4
 21-258486921,54055.1 1,1269672,093 53.8 - 1.3
 26-305995251,12453.3 7528121,564 48.1 - 5.2
 31-3538337375650.7 4985881,086 45.9 - 4.8
36-4026925752651.1 297391688 43.2 - 8.0
41-5025337162440.5 310515825 37.6 - 3.0
51-605613118729.9 71190261 27.2 - 2.7
61 +15506523.1 136578 16.7 - 6.4
           
Initial Imprisonment offence          
01 Homicide offences16183447.1 122537 32.4 -14.6
02 Sexual offences11637414.9 197190 21.1 +6.2
03 Attempts/Threats to murder,           
     assaults, harassments and       
     related offences25118243358.0 256199455 56.3 - 1.7
04 Dangerous or negligent acts20330250540.2 292516808 36.1 - 4.1
 05 Kidnapping and related offences741163.6 7512 58.3 - 5.3
06 Robbery, extortion and       
     hijacking offences18224045.0 251338 65.8 +20.8
07 Burglary and related offences966215860.8 12855183 69.9 +9.2
 08 Theft and related offences44128372460.9 481252733 65.6 +4.7
 09 Fraud, deception and related       
      offences357911430.7 41110151 27.2 - 3.5
10 Controlled drug offences19220039249.0 228260488 46.7 - 2.3
11 Weapons and explosives offences757214751.0 9956155 63.9 +12.9
12 Damage to property and       
     to the environment16412428856.9 198128326 60.7 +3.8
13 Public order and other social      
     code offences54929083965.4 7164671,183 60.5 - 4.9
14 Road and traffic offences (NEC)3907151,10535.3 5431,2881,831 29.7 - 5.6
15 Offences against Government, justice procedures and organisation of crime        
   
22410332768.5 373243616 60.6 - 7.9
 16 Offences not elsewhere classified13016829843.6 145256401 36.2- 7.5
     
1 See Background Notes.
Table 2 Re-offender numbers classified by initial imprisonment offence and subsequent re-offence, 2009 cohort
   Subsequent re-offence   
                   
   010203040506070809101112131516 
   HomicideSexualAttempts/DangerousKidnappingRobbery, BurglaryTheftFraud, ControlledWeaponsDamagePublicOffencesOffences 
    offencesoffencesThreatsorandextortion andanddeception drug andtoorderagainstnot 
     to murder,negligentrelatedand relatedrelatedand offences explosivespropertyand Government,elsewhere 
      assaults,actsoffenceshijacking  offences offencesrelated offencesand otherjusticeclassified 
     harassments  offences  offences  to thesocialprocedures  
     and         environmentcodeand  
     related         offencesOrganisation  
     offences          of Crime Total
                   
                   
Total re-offenders  2314531425822071539416831301,250173133,563
                   
Initial Imprisonment offence                   
                   
 01 Homicide offences 00010011030150012
                   
 02 Sexual offences 00330012111142019
                   
 03 Attempts/Threats to murder, assaults, harassments and related offences 101515031844122813104120256
                   
 04 Dangerous or negligent acts 011450031443330311105132292
                   
 05 Kidnapping and related offences 0001000200004007
                   
 06 Robbery, extortion and hijacking offences 00320324040241025
                   
 07 Burglary and related offences 0034022527013173790128
                   
 08 Theft and related offences 00142201943189745101598172481
                   
 09 Fraud, deception and related offences 001600610240182141
                   
 10 Controlled drug offences 008230410331675361130228
                   
 11 Weapons and explosives offences 004702101701744295099
                   
 12 Damage to property and to the environment00131305144121510166261198
                   
 13 Public order and other social code offences0127541529937641127366301716
                   
 14 Road and traffic offences (NEC) 1027800319901089177174224543
                   
 15 Offences against Government, justice procedures and organisation of crime 00718081589329918144330373
                   
 16 Offences not elsewhere classified01615111330213444582145
Table 3 Re-offenders classified by time period to first re-offence, sex and age group, 2009 cohort
  
  Time period to first re-offence   
                   
                 
  Less than 6 months16<12 12<18 18<24 24<36  Total
                   
                   
  number% number% number% number% number% number%
                   
                   
Total re-offenders 2,30464.7 52714.8 3219.0 1845.2 2276.4 3,563100.0
                   
Sex                  
 Male2,11565.0 48014.8 2888.9 1645.0 2076.4 3,254100.0
 Female18961.2 4715.2 3310.7 206.5 206.5 309100.0
                  
Male age group                  
 <21 years41188.4 337.1 173.7 20.4 20.4 465100.0
 21-2567465.6 17617.1 868.4 424.1 494.8 1,027100.0
 26-3041560.2 10515.2 6910.0 487.0 527.5 689100.0
 31-3526459.5 6514.6 4911.0 276.1 398.8 444100.0
 36-4016159.6 3814.1 3412.6 134.8 248.9 270100.0
 41-5015754.9 4616.1 279.4 279.4 2910.1 286100.0
 51-603150.0 1524.2 34.8 58.1 812.9 62100.0
 61 +218.2 218.2 327.3 00.0 436.4 11100.0
                   
Female age group                  
 <21 years2890.3 26.5 13.2 00.0 00.0 31100.0
 21-256565.7 1717.2 1010.1 55.1 22.0 99100.0
 26-304165.1 914.3 57.9 57.9 34.8 63100.0
 31-352851.9 814.8 713.0 59.3 611.1 54100.0
 36-40933.3 725.9 622.2 27.4 311.1 27100.0
 41-501041.7 416.7 416.7 28.3 416.7 24100.0
 51-60666.7 00.0 00.0 111.1 222.2 9100.0
 61 +2100.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 00.0 2100.0
                   
All persons age group                  
 <21 years43988.5 357.1 183.6 20.4 20.4 496100.0
 21-2573965.6 19317.1 968.5 474.2 514.5 1,126100.0
 26-3045660.6 11415.2 749.8 537.0 557.3 752100.0
 31-3529258.6 7314.7 5611.2 326.4 459.0 498100.0
 36-4017057.2 4515.2 4013.5 155.1 279.1 297100.0
 41-5016753.9 5016.1 3110.0 299.4 3310.6 310100.0
 51-603752.1 1521.1 34.2 68.5 1014.1 71100.0
 61 +430.8 215.4 323.1 00.0 430.8 13100.0
                   
1 Includes those who re-offended before official release date.
Table 4 Re-offenders classified by age group and initial imprisonment offence, 2009 cohort
                                     
   Re-offended within three yearsRecidivism1 rate (%)
                                  
   
   Age group   Age group  
                                     
                                     
   <21  21-25 26-30 31-3536-4041-5051-60 61+ All <21  21-25 26-30 31-3536-4041-5051-60 61+ All
   years            agesyears            ages
                                      
                                     
Total re-offenders 496 1,126 752 498 297 310 71 13 3,563 54.4 53.8 48.1 45.9 43.2 37.6 27.2 16.7 47.5
                                      
Initial imprisonment offence                                     
                                      
 01 Homicide offences 2 1 4 2 3 0 0 0 12 66.7 10.0 57.1 33.3 60.0 0.0 0.0 - 32.4
                                      
 02 Sexual offences 0 8 3 0 3 4 0 1 19 0.0 72.7 33.3 0.0 33.3 20.0 0.0 5.6 21.1
                                      
 03 Attempts/Threats to murder,                                     
      assaults, harassments and related offences 37 102 55 29 17 11 5 0 256 59.7 62.2 57.3 56.9 50.0 28.9 62.5 0.0 56.3
                                      
 04 Dangerous or negligent acts 20 79 67 47 30 40 9 0 292 41.7 46.7 34.9 33.8 34.1 32.0 23.7 0.0 36.1
                                      
 05 Kidnapping and related offences 0 4 1 1 0 1 0 0 7 - 100.0 33.3 25.0 - 100.0 - - 58.3
                                      
 06 Robbery, extortion and hijacking offences 5 6 2 8 3 1 0 0 25 83.3 66.7 22.2 100.0 75.0 50.0 - - 65.8
                                      
 07 Burglary and related offences 17 42 22 25 13 6 2 1 128 48.6 80.8 66.7 92.6 68.4 50.0 50.0 100.0 69.9
                                      
 08 Theft and related offences 70 128 112 86 37 34 12 2 481 65.4 67.7 63.6 67.2 55.2 70.8 80.0 66.7 65.6
                                      
 09 Fraud, deception and related offences 3 11 8 9 4 6 0 0 41 50.0 44.0 36.4 32.1 19.0 16.2 0.0 0.0 27.2
                                      
 10 Controlled drug offences 23 68 77 34 17 7 2 0 228 54.8 47.9 59.7 43.0 32.7 21.9 20.0 0.0 46.7
                                      
 11 Weapons and explosives offences 20 29 20 14 8 6 2 0 99 74.1 65.9 62.5 63.6 72.7 40.0 50.0 - 63.9
                                      
 12 Damage to property and to the environment 47 73 37 18 12 9 1 1 198 72.3 74.5 63.8 56.3 50.0 25.0 10.0 33.3 60.7
                                      
 13 Public order and other social code offences 122 234 124 75 61 79 17 4 716 58.7 62.1 63.6 58.1 58.1 60.8 50.0 80.0 60.5
                                      
 14 Road and traffic offences (NEC) 58 196 131 68 38 42 9 1 543 32.8 34.9 30.9 26.6 28.4 21.5 13.4 6.3 29.7
                                      
 15 Offences against Government, justice                                     
      procedures and organisation of crime 47 108 59 61 41 48 8 1 373 61.8 64.7 56.2 58.1 56.9 65.8 61.5 20.0 60.6
                                      
 16 Offences not elsewhere classified 25 37 30 21 10 16 4 2 145 54.3 52.9 40.5 31.8 23.3 26.7 12.9 18.2 36.2
                                      
1 See Background Notes.

Background Notes

Introduction

The Prison Recidivism, 2009 release provides figures for the re-offending rates of those released from the custody of the Irish Prison Service in 2009.  These figures were produced using a combination of Garda Síochána and Prison Service records, based on the Irish Crime Classification System (ICCS). 

The term “offences” in this report refers only to crime incidents known to An Garda Síochána and recorded as such in the Garda PULSE (Police Using Leading Systems Effectively) system.  Because of timing issues with respect to the extraction of data, figures may be revised subsequent to this publication.

Data collection

The production of these statistics involved the combination of Garda PULSE and Prison PRIS (Prison Computer System) data.  Since there is no direct link between the two systems, a statistical matching protocol was devised by the CSO to match Prison and Garda records.  For this report, prison releases from 2009 were linked from Prison PRIS to their corresponding entries in the Garda PULSE system. Numerous quality control tests were then conducted to verify the accuracy of this matching system, in addition to various consultations with academics specializing in criminology.  

Recidivism/Reoffending

For this report, a re-offender is defined as an individual who committed a recorded offence within three years of prison release date; and who is subsequently convicted in court proceedings.  For example, if a person is released on December 31st 2009, and committed an offence on the December 31st 2012, they would be considered as having reoffended within three years if the court proceedings lead to a conviction. 

Offences such as Minor road traffic offences are not included in the definition of recidivism, which is a change from the previous year’s publication. 

Court proceedings leading to a conviction

From Garda PULSE, the court date is used to mark the commencement of criminal proceedings. Court proceedings leading to a conviction do not include those cases where appeals are pending.  The fact that an individual is suspected of committing an offence is not enough evidence for re-offender status to be designated; a conviction must have been secured. 

Crime recording

Incidents reported or which become known to members of An Garda Síochána are recorded when, on the balance of probability, a Garda determines that a criminal offence defined by law has taken place, and there is no credible evidence to the contrary.  If it is subsequently determined that a criminal offence did not take place, the criminal offence recorded is invalidated and is not counted in the statistics.  If a person makes a report and subsequently withdraws it by stating that the criminal act did not take place, then this too is invalidated unless there is evidence to suggest that, by reasonable probability, the offence has taken place. 

For criminal offences where victim confirmation is required (e.g. assault, fraud), a criminal offence is recorded only where the victim confirms the offence or where there is evidence to suggest that by reasonable probability it occurred.  Another important feature of a recorded offence is that it is based on the date reported to, or that it became known to, the Gardaí.  This has major implications for some offence types.  Notable amongst these are sexual offences, as it has often been the case that such incidents have been reported to An Garda Síochána many years (sometimes decades) after the event(s).  Thus a sexual assault, which occurred in 1960, would be included in the statistics for 2009 if it was first reported in that year. 

Crime Classification

A criminal offence is classified as a particular offence type at the initial recording of that offence.  However, upon investigation, it may later become apparent that an alternative offence type should be used.  In this event, the record is amended to reflect this.  Re-classification on the basis of court proceedings only occurs in relation to homicide offences.  A murder offence is reclassified as manslaughter when a charge of manslaughter commences or when a murder charge results in a conviction for manslaughter.  It is also possible, though more rare, that an incident originally classified as manslaughter may be re-classified as murder.  Also, a re-classification to a homicide offence occurs when, for example, a serious assault has been recorded and, some time later, the victim dies as a consequence of the assault. 

General Counting Rules

Crime counting rules are applied to all criminal offences for the purposes of the statistics.  The following are the main rules relevant to the quarterly figures: 

Primary Offence Rule: Where two or more criminal offences are disclosed in a single episode, it is the primary criminal offence that is counted.  The primary offence is that offence which the greater penalty may apply.  Where offences have similar penalties, offences against the person take precedence over offences against property for the purpose of determining the primary offence. 

One Offence Counts Per Victim: One offence counts per victim involved with the exceptions of cheque/credit card fraud and burglary.  Under certain circumstances, the cheque/credit card exception necessitates that a series of these offences counts as one crime where the originating bank ultimately suffers the loss.  The burglary exception dictates that one burglary offence is counted where property belonging to two or more victims is stolen (or damaged) during a single burglary. 

Continuous Series Involving the Same Victim and Same Offender: A continuous series of offences against the same victim involving the same offender counts as one offence.

    ICCSq Offence Groups
     
     
01 Homicide offences Murder
    Manslaughter
    Infanticide
    Manslaughter (traffic fatality)
    Dangerous driving causing death
     
02 Sexual offences Rape of a male or female
    Rape Section 4
    Unlawful carnal knowledge / Criminal law 
     (Sexual Offences Act) 2006
    Buggery
    Sexual offence involving mentally 
      impaired person
    Aggravated sexual assault
    Sexual assault 
    Incest
    Child pornography offences
    Child pornography – obstruction of warrant
    Gross indecency
     
03 Attempts or threats to murder, assaults, harassments and related offences Murder-attempt
  Murder-threat
  Assault causing harm
  Poisoning
    Assault or obstruction of Garda/official,
     resisting arrest
    Minor assault
    Coercion
    Harassment, stalking, threats
    Demanding payment of debt causing alarm
    Housing Act
    Menacing phone calls
    Incitement to hatred offences
     
04  Dangerous or  Dangerous driving causing serious bodily
  negligent acts  harm
    Driving/In charge of a vehicle while over
     legal alcohol limit
    Driving/In charge of a vehicle under the 
     influence of drugs
    Endangerment with potential for serious 
     harm or death
    Abandoning a child, child neglect and 
     cruelty
    Unseaworthy/dangerous use of boat or 
     ship
    False alarm/interference with aircraft or 
     air transport facilities
    Endangering traffic offences
     
05 Kidnapping and  False imprisonment
  related offences Abduction of person under 16 years of 
     age
    Human trafficking offences
     
06 Robbery, extortion Robbery of an establishment or institution
  and hijacking Robbery of cash or goods in transit
  offences Robbery from the person
    Blackmail or extortion
    Carjacking, hijacking/unlawful seizure of 
     aircraft/vessel
     
07 Burglary and  Aggravated burglary
  related offences Burglary (not aggravated)
    Possession of an article 
     (with intent to burgle, steal, demand)
     
     
08 Theft and related Theft/Unauthorised taking of vehicle
  offences Interfering with vehicle (with intent to 
    steal item or vehicle)
    Theft from person
    Theft from shop
    Theft from vehicle
    Theft/ Unauthorised taking of a pedal
     cycle
    Theft of, or interference with, mail
    Handling or possession of stolen property
    Theft of other property
     
09 Fraud, deception and related offences Fraud, deception, false pretence offences
  Forging an instrument to defraud
    Possession of an article for use in fraud, deception or extortion
    Falsification of accounts
    Offences under the Companies Act
    Offences under the Investment Intermediaries Act 
    Offences under the Stock Exchange Act
    Money laundering
    Embezzlement
    Fraud against the European Union
    Importation/Sale/Supply of tobacco
    Counterfeiting notes and coins
    Counterfeiting of goods
    Bad debts criminal (Debtors Ireland)
    Corruption (involving public office holder)
     
10 Controlled drug  Importation of drugs
   offences Cultivation or manufacture of drugs
    Possession of drugs for sale or supply
    Possession of drugs for personal use
    Forged or altered prescription offences
    Obstruction under the Drugs Act
     
11 Weapons and  Causing an explosion
  explosives offences Making of explosives
    Possession of explosives
    Chemical weapons offences
    Discharging a firearm
    Possession of a firearm
    Possession of offensive weapons 
     (not firearms)
    Fireworks offences (for sale, igniting etc.)
     
12 Damage to property and to the environment Arson
  Criminal damage (not arson)
    Litter offences
     
13 Public order and other social code offences Affray/Riot/Violent disorder
  Public order offences
    Drunkenness offences
    Air rage-disruptive or drunken behaviour 
     on aircraft
    Forcible entry and occupation 
     (not burglary)
    Trespass on lands or enclosed areas
    Liquor licensing offences
    Registered clubs offences
    Special restaurant offences
    Provision of intoxicating liquor to under 18 year olds
    Purchase or consumption of alcohol by under 18 year olds
    Sale of intoxicating liquor to under 18 year olds
    Brothel keeping
    Organisation of prostitution
    Prostitution, including soliciting etc.
    Offences under the Betting Acts
    Collecting money without permit, 
    unauthorised collection
    Offences under Gaming and Lotteries Acts
    Permit/License offences for casual/street 
     trading
    Allowing a child (under 16 years) to beg
    Bigamy
    Bestiality
    Indecency
    Begging
     
14 Road and traffic offences (NEC) Driving licence-failure to have, produce, etc.
  Insurance-failure to have, produce, display, etc.
    No tax, non-display of tax, unregistered vehicle etc.
    Misuse of Trade Licence
    Misuse of trailers, weight and other offences
    Obstruction under road traffic acts
    Other road offences
    Road tranport - carriage of goods offences
    Public service vehicle offences
    Light rail offences (Luas)
     
15 Offences against Government, justice procedures and organisation of crime Treason
  Breaches of Offences Against the State
   Acts
  Breaches of Official Secrets Act
    Impersonating member of An Garda 
     Síochána
    Electoral offences including personation
    Public mischief-annoying phone calls, 
     wasting police time
    Criminal Assets Bureau offences
    Non compliance with Garda direction
    Criminal organisation offences
     (organised crime)
    Conspiracy to commit a crime
    Perjury
    Interfering with a jury (embracery) 
    Assisting offenders
    Public mischief, pervert course of justice, conceal offence
    Escape or help to escape from custody
    Prison offences
    Breach of Domestic Violence Order 
     (protection, safety, barring)
    Breach of order under Family Law Act
    Breach of bail
    Failure to comply under Sex Offenders Act
    Other failure to comply with court order, jury summons, warrant etc.

 

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