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For more information on this release:
E-mail: agprices@cso.ie Anthony Dawson (+353) 21 453 5521 Carmel Hinchion (+353) 21 453 5272
For general information on CSO statistics:
information@cso.ie (+353) 21 453 5000 On-line ISSN 2009-5163
CSO statistical release, , 11am

December and Year 2018

 OutputInputTerms of Trade
 Base year 2015=100
2017106.598.2108.4
2018104.3102.7101.5
% Change-2.0%4.6%-6.3%

Agricultural input price index up 4.6% in 2018

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The agricultural input price index increased by 4.6% in 2018 compared with 2017. The agricultural output price index was down 2.0% over the same period. Thus, the resulting terms of trade index decreased by 6.3% in 2018. See Tables 3, 4 and graph.

A further comparison of the 2018 output sub-indices with the 2017 sub-indices shows that the largest decrease was in pigs and milk which were down 12.6% and 6.0% respectively.

On the input side, the biggest increase was in energy up 8.9% while Feeding Stuffs were up 6.6% on 2017 prices.

On a monthly basis, the agricultural output price index increased by 0.5% in December 2018 compared with November 2018. The agricultural input price index down 0.3% in December 2018 compared with November 2018. See Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 Agricultural Output Price Index (excluding VAT)
              Base Year 2015 = 100
CategoryIndexMonthly ChangeAnnual Change
Dec-17Jan-18Feb-18Mar-18Apr-18May-18Jun-18Jul-18Aug-18Sep-18Oct-18Nov-18Dec-18Dec-18 / Nov-18Dec-18 / Dec-17
Agricultural Output Price Index108.5108.2106.7¹104.5103.2104.9105.3104.4102.7106.9105.5104.6105.20.5%-3.1%
                
  Crop Output100.5100.9100.2100.2101.9103.2104.3127.8128.3136.5141.2141.0138.0-2.1%37.4%
    Cereals (including seeds)105.0105.0105.0105.0105.0105.0105.0105.0150.4150.4150.4150.4150.40.0%43.1%
    Vegetables100.4100.6100.8101.4105.6109.8110.3109.8109.2108.3107.8105.0100.4..-0.1%
    Potatoes (including seeds)89.791.787.385.885.882.988.0225.3123.3172.9201.3207.2201.1..124.2%
               
  Animal Output109.6109.2107.5¹105.0103.3105.1105.4101.399.4103.0100.899.9100.91.0%-8.0%
    Animals96.196.295.898.199.4102.5101.695.290.991.891.590.490.3-0.1%-6.1%
        Cattle94.696.595.797.298.1101.0100.493.388.089.989.388.087.2-0.9%-7.9%
            Cattle excluding calves94.596.595.897.498.2101.1100.493.487.989.889.187.887.2-0.8%-7.8%
            Calves115.7105.368.063.474.178.890.384.5108.0111.1121.6110.493.1..-19.5%
        Pigs99.896.695.996.396.597.397.997.795.595.497.395.795.60.0%-4.1%
        Sheep100.690.895.2109.7117.4128.3121.1105.4102.797.195.896.8102.1..1.5%
        Poultry98.398.898.998.499.399.099.499.399.199.199.498.098.50.5%0.2%
               
     Animal Products130.0128.8125.2¹115.5109.1109.1111.1110.5112.2120.0114.8114.2116.92.3%-10.1%
        Milk131.3130.1126.4¹116.4109.8109.6111.8111.1112.9120.9115.5114.9117.72.4%-10.4%
        Eggs97.096.496.996.996.999.299.299.899.899.8100.3100.5100.50.0%3.6%
        Wool43.943.943.943.943.942.842.842.842.842.842.842.842.80.0%-2.5%
.. Comparison not valid as different basket of products are included each month.
¹ Revised
Table 2 Agricultural Input Price Index (excluding VAT)
             Base Year 2015 = 100
CategoryIndexMonthly ChangeAnnual Change
Dec-17Jan-18Feb-18Mar-18Apr-18May-18Jun-18Jul-18Aug-18Sep-18Oct-18Nov-18Dec-18Dec-18 / Nov-18Dec-18 / Dec-17
Agricultural Input Price Index99.199.8100.2100.5101.0101.7102.3102.7103.7104.6105.4105.7105.4-0.3%6.3%
                
Seeds98.698.698.697.597.597.597.597.597.597.599.599.599.50.0%0.9%
                
Energy101.1101.8101.8101.7102.5105.2108.4108.5109.2110.0112.1110.6106.6-3.7%5.4%
    Electricity99.299.2101.1101.1101.1101.1101.1102.0107.1107.1101.8101.8102.71.0%3.6%
    Motor Fuels101.6102.5101.9101.8102.8106.5111.0110.8110.2111.3115.8113.8108.0-5.1%6.3%
    Lubricants104.7104.7104.7104.7104.7104.9103.2103.9103.9103.9103.9103.9103.8-0.1%-0.9%
                
Fertilisers81.784.384.985.585.984.284.985.286.887.788.189.389.60.4%9.7%
    Straight Fertilisers78.081.882.783.383.882.582.082.584.185.385.987.387.80.6%12.6%
    Compound Fertilisers82.584.585.185.786.184.085.585.787.488.188.589.689.90.3%8.9%
        PK Fertilisers88.087.988.187.787.987.487.487.688.989.389.890.290.90.7%3.3%
        NPK Fertilisers82.484.485.085.686.083.985.485.787.388.188.589.589.80.3%9.0%
    Other Fertilisers102.9102.9102.9102.9102.9102.9102.9102.9102.9102.9102.9102.9102.90.0%0.0%
                
Plant Protection Products103.1103.1103.1104.0103.8103.9103.8104.3104.3104.3104.3104.3104.30.0%1.1%
                
Veterinary Expenses102.1105.3105.3105.3105.3105.3105.3105.3105.3105.3105.3105.3105.30.0%3.1%
                
Feeding Stuffs101.8101.7102.4102.9103.6105.6106.1106.8108.8110.6112.1112.5112.80.3%10.8%
    Straight Feeding Stuffs103.6103.7104.1105.8107.8109.7110.4110.9116.0116.2118.5¹118.4¹120.21.6%16.0%
    Compound Feeding Stuffs101.7101.6102.3102.7103.3105.4105.9106.6108.4110.3111.8112.2112.40.2%10.5%
        Feeding Stuffs for Calves100.4100.7101.3101.7103.0106.0106.3107.0109.9111.8112.3112.6112.80.1%12.4%
        Feeding Stuffs for Cattle excl. Calves99.699.5100.5100.4101.4104.6105.5105.6108.1110.1110.8111.1111.10.0%11.6%
        Feeding Stuffs for Pigs106.2106.2106.2106.2106.2106.2106.2108.9109.8113.3117.3117.7118.91.0%12.0%
        Feeding Stuffs for Poultry103.0102.4103.3105.8105.8106.7106.7106.9107.2107.1108.5109.5109.50.0%6.3%
        Other Compound Feeding Stuffs103.3102.5102.4102.7103.6105.2105.7106.8109.4110.8111.7111.9111.6-0.3%8.0%
                
Maintenance of Materials and Buildings102.1102.6103.5103.6103.6103.0103.2103.2103.4103.4103.4104.0104.10.0%2.0%
Other Goods and Services104.7104.3104.2104.3104.7104.7104.5104.5104.4104.3104.1104.2104.20.1%-0.5%
¹ Revised               
Table 3 Agricultural Output Price Index (excluding VAT)
    Base Year 2015 = 100
CategoryIndexAnnual Change
20152016201720182018/ 2017
Agricultural Output Price Index100.095.1106.5104.3-2.0%
      
  Crop Output100.0106.1104.1119.314.6%
      
    Cereals (including seeds)100.0101.3101.9123.921.7%
    Vegetables100.0101.5100.9106.95.9%
    Potatoes (including seeds)100.0128.5117.2138.918.5%
     
  Animal Output100.093.7106.8102.3-4.2%
      
    Animals100.095.497.895.0-2.8%
        Cattle100.093.094.793.4-1.5%
            Cattle excluding calves100.093.094.893.5-1.4%
            Calves100.090.587.976.2-13.4%
        Pigs100.0102.6110.496.5-12.6%
        Sheep100.099.999.6105.15.4%
        Poultry100.099.599.298.9-0.3%
      
     Animal Products100.091.1120.3113.3-5.8%
        Milk100.091.0121.3114.0-6.0%
        Eggs100.097.697.598.81.4%
        Wool100.069.744.842.8-4.5%
Table 4 Agricultural Input Price Index (excluding VAT)
     Base Year 2015 = 100
CategoryIndexAnnual Change
20152016201720182018 / 2017
Agricultural Input Price Index100.097.998.2102.74.6%
     
Seeds100.098.598.598.2-0.4%
     
Energy100.091.997.8106.58.9%
    Electricity100.096.595.5102.27.0%
    Motor Fuels100.090.198.3108.09.9%
    Lubricants100.0100.8103.8104.20.4%
     
Fertilisers100.086.281.586.46.0%
    Straight Fertilisers100.082.377.984.17.9%
    Compound Fertilisers100.087.682.286.75.4%
        PK Fertilisers100.094.787.788.61.0%
        NPK Fertilisers100.087.482.186.65.5%
    Other Fertilisers100.0100.0102.6102.90.2%
     
Plant Protection Products100.0102.3103.1103.90.8%
     
Veterinary Expenses100.0101.9102.1105.33.1%
     
Feeding Stuffs100.0100.0100.6107.26.6%
    Straight Feeding Stuffs100.097.1100.5111.811.2%
    Compound Feeding Stuffs100.0100.2100.6106.96.3%
        Feeding Stuffs for Calves100.0101.699.8107.17.4%
        Feeding Stuffs for Cattle excluding Calves100.0100.299.3105.76.5%
        Feeding Stuffs for Pigs100.097.3100.7110.39.5%
        Feeding Stuffs for Poultry100.0102.3103.9106.62.6%
        Other Compound Feeding Stuffs100.0101.6101.9107.05.0%
     
Maintenance of Materials and Buildings100.0104.4105.3104.4-0.9%
Other Goods and Services100.0100.7101.1103.42.2%

Background Notes

Introduction

This release presents estimates of Agricultural Output and Input Price Indices. The indices monitor trends in prices paid to farmers for their produce and in prices paid by farmers for purchases of goods and services. An EU harmonised methodology is used to compile these price indices. The estimates are also sent to Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union.

Methodology

The agricultural output price indices are intended to measure trends in the price of agricultural produce sold by farmers. The agricultural input price indices are designed to measure trends in the price of farm inputs purchased for current consumption (i.e. non-capital materials and services). Both indices are compiled on the average farm concept. The average farm concept includes both sales to other economic sectors as well as sales/purchases of agricultural output between agricultural units for intermediate consumption purposes, excluding trade in animals between agricultural units. The weights used to combine the changes in prices of the individual commodities are based on the value of sales off farms and the expenditure by farmers on input purchases for the base year for the output and input indices respectively. The Laspeyres index formula, involving the use of fixed base year weights, has been used in the compilation of the monthly index numbers for all commodity groupings except vegetables, potatoes and sheep. Because of the highly seasonal nature of vegetables, potatoes and sheep, variable monthly baskets of products are priced for these commodities.

Monthly price series are used except for seasonal products where prices are only available at certain times during the year. In these cases, the monthly prices returned during the last selling period are continued unchanged until the product can be priced again. The monthly sub-indices are weighted by the base year value of sales and the expenditure on farm inputs to derive overall monthly total output and total input indices respectively. In line with EU recommendations, the annual input indices are calculated as simple arithmetic averages of the monthly indices. The annual output indices are calculated as the weighted averages of the monthly indices.

The agricultural terms of trade index is the output price index expressed as a percentage of the input price index. All percentage changes have been calculated on actual figures before the index is rounded to one decimal place.

Price Coverage

The actual prices used for the index series are based on the market price without the deduction of bonuses, taxes or levies with the exception of deductible value added tax and third party levies. Standardised prices are used for milk and cereals to ensure that products of identical quality are priced in successive periods. In the case of milk for manufacturing, this means pricing at a fixed fat and protein content.  Standardised cereal prices are based on the harvest price at 20% moisture content.

Data Sources

The indices are compiled from a wide variety of sources, including direct CSO surveys and administrative data from the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine.  The actual sources are described more fully in the Agricultural Price Indices - Introduction of New Series to Base Year 2010 = 100 published by the CSO on the 18th February 2014.

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