Tá leagan Gaeilge den leathanach seo ar fáil. Féach Éire 2025: Líonta na Bliana.
Rising food and energy prices were among the key drivers of the growing inflation rate in Ireland in 2025. The Consumer Price Index (CPI), Ireland’s official measure of inflation, rose steadily over the course of the year. In January 2025, the rate of inflation was 1.9% and remained around the 2% mark for most of the year before increasing in September to 2.7% and peaking at 3.2% in November 2025.
Between January 2025 and November 2025 food prices rose by 3.8% and energy prices by 2.6%. Other key contributors to inflation over this period were eating out in restaurants and cafes (+3.0%) and rents (+2.4%).
Looking at the National Average Prices of some staple items, as of November 2025, the price of a kilo of sirloin steak was up by €5.06 on the November 2024 price. The price of dairy products also increased with Irish cheddar cheese (+62c), a pound of butter (+55c), and full fat milk (+11c) all up on November 2024 prices, while the price of a 2.5kg bag of potatoes decreased by 22c.
As of Q3 2025, households saved 14.8%, or €1 in €7, of their disposable income, which was above the average rate of savings for 2023 and 2024. Taken collectively, total household income in the 12 months to September 2025 was over €185bn, and of that, we spent almost €160bn and saved €25.5bn. Savings, or the addition to wealth, takes the form of growing bank deposits, pension saving, paying off debt (such as mortgages), and buying new homes.
While household expenditure and income both rose in 2025, there was a slightly bigger increase in income which led to a small increase in the saving rate. Prices continued to go up in the year, but even after adjusting for that, household incomes were still increasing. This was due mainly to more income from work, as the number of people working and the average pay per worker both grew. Households also received higher social benefits.
In the first three quarters of 2025, there were 24,325 new dwelling completions, which was an increase of 13% on the same period in 2024.
The Dublin and the Mid-East (Kildare, Louth, Meath, and Wicklow) regions accounted for more than half (56%) of completions for the first three quarters of 2025.
Between January and September 2025:
Note: Single dwellings are one-off dwellings connected to the ESB network. Scheme dwellings are houses that form part of a multi-unit development of two or more houses connected to the ESB network. Apartment dwellings are within a multi-unit development and are specifically identified by the ESB as apartments.
Property prices continued to steadily increase over the course of 2025 with the Residential Property Price Index (RPPI) reaching an index value of 202.3 in October 2025, which was 7.3% higher than the same month in 2024 and 23.7% above its highest level at the peak of the property boom in April 2007.
The median price of a dwelling purchased in the 12 months to October 2025 was €381,000, compared with €350,000 in October 2024. Dublin had the highest median price for each of the first 10 months of the year, reaching €495,000 in October 2025. Within Dublin, Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown was the most expensive area, where the median price of a dwelling was €675,000 in October 2025. Outside of Dublin, the highest median price paid for a dwelling in October 2025 was €450,010 in Wicklow.
Note: All median prices mentioned above are rolling 12-month medians. The RPPI results for the previous three months are provisional and subject to revision. All figures are correct as of December 2025.
Ireland's population was estimated to be 5.46 million as of April 2025. This was an increase of 78,300 people from April 2024. Looking at where people reside, 28.7% of the population or 1,568,000 people lived in Dublin.
Breaking it down by age group, there were 861,100 people living in Ireland aged 65 years and over in April 2025, up 135,000 people since 2020. The proportion of those in this age group rose from 14.4% to 15.8% of the total population over the five years (See Figure 1.5).
There were more than a million people living in Ireland aged 0-14 years as of April 2025. This age group’s share of the population fell from 20.2% to 18.3% between 2020 and 2025, down 13,600 people (See Figure 1.5).
The number of immigrants, or those entering the State, in the year to April 2025 was estimated to be 125,300, while the number of emigrants, or those leaving the State, over the same period was estimated at 65,600. These combined flows gave positive net migration (more people having arrived than left) of 59,700 in the year to April 2025, down from 79,300 in the previous year.
Of these migrants, 31,500 were returning Irish citizens to the State and 35,000 were Irish emigrants, leading to a net outflow of Irish citizens from the State of 3,500 people.
When looking at the age profiles of the migration flows in the 12 months to April 2025, we can see that more than half (59% or 73,900 people) of total immigrants and almost half (48% or 31,700 people) of total emigrants were aged between 25-44 years.
In 2025, average weekly earnings surpassed €1,000 for the first time since the series began in 2008.
As of Q3 2025, average weekly earnings were €1,003.81, up by €311.02 or 44.9% when compared with 10 years earlier in Q3 2015. It is also noteworthy that average hourly earnings grew across all 13 economic sectors over the last 10 years.
Figure 1.7 below shows preliminary estimates for average weekly earnings by economic sector for Q3 2025 and final estimates for Q3 2015.
Those working in the Information & Communication sector had the highest average weekly earnings in Q3 2025, followed by Financial, Insurance & Real Estate Activities. Interestingly, these were the same sectors with the highest average weekly earnings in Q3 2015.
The largest percentage increase in average weekly earnings in the 10 years to Q3 2025 was in the Information & Communication sector, up by €627.33 (58.6%) from €1,070.36 to €1,697.69. The lowest was in the Transportation & Storage sector, up by €183.56 (24.6%) from €747.07 in Q3 2015 to €930.63 in Q3 2025.
The total amount of goods exported between January and October 2025 were valued at €228 billion, representing an increase of €41 billion (+22%) compared with the same period in 2024, when exports stood at €187 billion.
Medical & Pharmaceutical Products made up more than half (55%) of the total value of goods exported during the first 10 months of 2025, accounting for €126 billion. It is also worth noting that almost half (45.7% or €104.5 billion) of all goods exported in the period January to October 2025 were exported to the US.
When comparing March 2024 with March 2025, we can see exports of goods almost doubled (+96%) by €18 billion to hit a record level of €38 billion.
Total goods imports for the first 10 months of 2025 amounted to nearly €117 billion, up €6 billion (+6%) compared with the same period in 2024 (€111 billion).
Please note, the most recent month’s data on External Trade in Goods figures are provisional and subject to revision.
Consumer preference for climate-friendly transport options continued steadily in 2025 with further growth in the number of electric, plug-in hybrid (PHEV), and hybrid vehicles licensed in Ireland.
Almost six in ten (57%) of all new private cars licensed were electric, PHEV, or hybrid in the first 11 months of 2025. The number of new electric cars licensed increased by 38% to 23,134 in the January to November 2025 period from 16,786 compared with when compared with the same 11-month period of 2024.
The share of electric cars as the total number of new cars licensed grew from 1% in 2018 to 19% in 2025.
Looking at the most popular make and model of new private electric vehicle licensed, the Tesla Model 3 was the top ranked vehicle in June 2025, with the Tesla Model Y taking the top spot in November 2025.
While the share of electric, PHEV, and hybrid cars rose in 2025, the share of new petrol and diesel cars fell. In 2018, 93% of all new cars licensed were diesel or petrol compared with 54% in 2024. In the first 11 months of 2025, the share of diesel and petrol cars licensed for the first time fell to 43%.
In 2025, renewable energy technologies like rooftop solar installations and heat pumps were found in a higher proportion of the Building Energy Ratings (BER) data for dwellings across Ireland.
Solar energy for water heating or electricity generation was present in 184,905 dwellings with a BER as of Q3 2025 (14% of all rated dwellings), compared with 148,064 (12%) in the same quarter of 2024 (See Figure 1.10).
Heat pumps were installed in 168,448 (13%) rated dwellings by Q3 2025, compared with 133,821 (11%) in Q3 2024. Both heat pumps and solar energy had been installed in 29,933 rated dwellings as of the end of Q3 2025 (See Figure 1.10).
Heat pump installations are more common in newer dwelling ratings, including 85% of those constructed since 2020 (See Table 13 and Table 14 of Domestic Building Energy Ratings Q3 2025).
There were 2.5 million fewer nights spent in Ireland by overseas visitors in the first 10 months of 2025 compared with the same period in 2024. An estimated 40.3 million nights were spent by overseas tourism visitors to Ireland up to October 2025. This was down 6% from the 42.8 million nights for the corresponding period in 2024, the CSO’s Inbound Tourism series shows.
We can see the number of inbound tourism trips to Ireland in 2025 peaked during the summer months, and in August in particular when an estimated 6.7 million nights were spent by overseas tourism visitors to Ireland.
Looking at that peak month of August 2025, we can see the greatest number of visitor nights were by tourists from Europe (excluding Great Britain). These visitors spent around 2.3 million nights in Ireland, accounting for just under 35% of all tourist nights. This was followed by visitors from Great Britain at 1.8 million nights (27%), and those from the United States of America and Canada, who also spent 1.8 million nights (26%) here.
Note: This series is based on the CSO Passenger Survey, which is carried out at Irish airports and seaports. The Inbound Tourism series does not capture data on residents of Northern Ireland visiting Ireland as a tourism destination.
Please be advised that this release only provides data up to October or November 2025 in most cases, depending on the publication schedule of the section. Full year results for each of the topics will be published in Q1 2026. Our publication schedule can be viewed on our Release Calendar.
The Year in Numbers series follows in the footsteps of the Statistical Yearbook of Ireland, which was first published in book format in 1931 as a compendium of all statistics published by the Central Statistics Office (CSO).
With the internet now providing easy and timelier access to our data, our yearly compilation has evolved into our Ireland: The Year in Numbers series. This is the fourth release in the series and aims to provide a glimpse of the volume and breadth of the information published by the CSO last year through the lens of key themes. In today’s release, we provide accessible data and charts on topics such as Inflation, Housing, and Population, which help tell the story of 2025.
The CSO has been trusted for more than 75 years to gather, protect, analyse, and publish information about Ireland, which is freely available to everyone. The CSO relies on households and enterprises to participate in our surveys throughout the year, which allows us to accurately capture life in Ireland. We thank everyone for their continued participation and support of CSO surveys. Between our surveys and new data collection methods, the CSO can tell the story of Irish society with a unique level of accuracy and detail.
Learn about how the CSO work with data, the protections we have in place, and our approach to ethics and transparency
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2025 Key Highlights
Food prices rose 5.1% in August 2025, the highest since December 2023, and about one and a half times the overall inflation rate.
Households saved €1 in every €7 of disposable income in Q3 2025, higher than the average saved in 2023 and 2024.
Residential Property Prices rose by 7.3% in the 12 months to October 2025 putting the median or mid-point price of a dwelling at €381,000 over that period.
There were 24,325 new dwelling completions in the first nine months of 2025, which was an increase of 13% on the same period in 2024.
Almost six in ten (57%) of all new private cars licensed up to November 2025 were electric, plug-in hybrid, or hybrid.
The population in Ireland rose by 78,300 people and stood at 5,458,600 people as of April 2025.
Exports of goods hit a record level of €38 billion in March 2025 of which Medical & Pharmaceutical Products accounted for €23.5 billion.