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Services Trade by Ownership

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Type of ownership indicates whether an enterprise is domestic or foreign controlled. A domestic enterprise is defined as either domestic indigenous or as domestic multinational (with foreign control of less than 50%). A foreign controlled multinational enterprise (MNE) is defined as having foreign control of more than 50%. A high proportion of foreign controlled services enterprises generally represent a globalised economy which is well integrated in international markets.

ForeignDomestic
Exports99.741535.334068
Imports161.66161837.148198

Foreign controlled enterprises dominated both service exports and imports in 2016, exporting €100bn (74%) and importing €162bn (81%) of total services. The remaining €35bn (26%) of service exports and €37bn (19%) of service imports were provided by domestic enterprises. See Figure 5.1

ForeignDomestic
Manufacturing (C)6.8204095947240411.1393653365944
Information &
Communication (J)
43.64833838788670
Financial & Insurance (K)9.630649859640058.88500354112892
Other Activities (Oth)13.74186114842036.13437213160562

Foreign controlled enterprises in the information and communications sector (J) accounted for €59bn (44%) of total service exports, of which 20% were exported to EU and 24% exported to non-EU countries. There were no registered domestic controlled enterprises exporting services in the information and communication sector (J). Foreign controlled enterprises in the financial and insurance sector (K) represented €13bn (10%) of total exports while in manufacturing (C) and other sectors they represented €9bn and €19bn (7% and 14%) of total exports respectively.  

Domestic enterprises in the manufacturing sector (C) and the financial & insurance sector (K) exported €15bn (11%) and €12bn (9%) of total services respectively while domestic enterprises in other sectors exported €8bn (6%) of total services. See Figure 5.2 and Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Services Exports by Ownership and Activity Sector, 2016

ForeignDomestic
Manufacturing (C)38.754460695240510.2893365184745
Information &
Communication (J)
26.87119583672870
Financial & Insurance (K)6.451705080799434.86207280630449
Other Activities (Oth)9.237344699318073.53388436313426

All enterprises importing services in the information and communications sector (J) were foreign controlled and they account for €53bn (27%) of total service imports, of which 12% were imported from EU and 15% imported from non-EU countries. There were no registered domestic controlled enterprises importing services in the information and communication sector (J). Foreign controlled enterprises in the manufacturing sector (C) imported €77bn (39%) of total services, with 4% imported from EU and 35% imported from non-EU countries. Foreign enterprises in the financial & insurance (K) and in other sectors imported €13bn (6%) and €18bn (9%) of service respectively.  

Domestic enterprises in the manufacturing sector (C) and the financial & insurance sector (K) imported just €20bn (10%) and €8bn (4%) of total services respectively while domestic enterprises in other sectors imported another €8bn (4%) of total services. See Figure 5.3 and Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 Services Imports by Ownership and Activity Sector, 2016

ForeignDomesticTotal (where foreign/domestic split not available)
Repairs & Processing1.73780.789141
Transport07.225651
Travel04.684519
Insurance and
pension services
009.295586
Financial
services
3.7250549.563229
Royalties/
Licences
4.3219133.729994
Computer &
Comm. services
58.7769890
Business
services
22.0515138.040991
Other
services n.e.s.
001.133187

All computer services exports, €59bn in 2016, were provided by foreign controlled enterprises. While all transport and travel services exports and €10bn (72%) of financial service exports were accounted for by domestic enterprises. Foreign controlled enterprises account for €22bn (73%) of business services exports and €1.7bn (69%) of repair and processing exports.  Insurance/pension services exports were also dominated by foreign controlled enterprises. (Actual percentage not provided for confidentiality reasons.)  See Table 5.3 and Figure 5.4.

Table 5.3 Services Exports by Ownership and Service Type, 2016

ForeignDomesticTotal (where foreign/domestic split not available)
Repairs & Processing3.380210.523625
Transport02.688923
Travel05.623006
Insurance and
pension services
6.441680.253726
Financial
services
2.3159069.232519
Royalties/
Licences
65.7323173.470029
Computer
& Comm. services
002.549375
Business
services
81.2634214.818354
Other
services n.e.s.
000.516727

All transport and travel services imports and €9bn (80%) of financial service imports were accounted for by domestic enterprises.  Foreign controlled enterprises account for €81bn (85%) of business services imports and €3.4bn (87%) of repair and processing imports. Foreign controlled enterprises also dominated Insurance/pension services imports (96%) and accounted for €66bn (95%) of royalties imports. See Table 5.4 and Figure 5.5.

Table 5.4 Services Imports by Ownership and Service Type, 2016


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