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Main Results

2020 Results

Online ISSN: 2711-9963
CSO statistical publication, , 11am
Lifting of Under Reservation Categorisation

Following the publication of the fifth Review of the Quality of Crime Statistics in October 2023, the Central Statistics Office (CSO) has lifted the 'Under Reservation' categorisation around Recorded Crime Statistics. This is possible because An Garda Síochána have introduced a range of quality measures over the last number of years which have resulted in sustained improvement in the quality of the underlying crime data. These changes give a level of assurance to users that they can rely on Recorded Crime Statistics.

For further information see our Lifting of Under Reservation categorisation for Recorded Crime Statistics FAQ page.

Re-offending levels linked to Probation declines with age

Estimates covering probation related re-offending for people who received probation orders in 2020 indicate a 7% increase in the annual re-offending rate of males under the age of 25 between 2019 and 2020. In comparison, data on young adult females indicates re-offending rates reduced between 2019 (33%) and 2020 (25%) by 8%. The re-offending rate for those aged 25-44 in both males (23%) and females (24%) remained unchanged between 2019 and 2020. See Figure 2.1 and Table 2.1.

Figure 2.1 One-year re-offending rate by age group, 2019 & 2020
Table 2.1 Offender numbers classified by sex, age group, probation type, probation referral offence and whether there was a re-offence within one year, 2020

People issued with probation for offences linked to Offences against Government and Justice procedures in 2020 tended to re-offend the most

In 2020, people that received probation orders relating to Offences against Government, Justice procedures related offences had the highest likelihood of re-offending, with over one third of them doing so (35%). This category includes probation orders issued in relation to:

  • Failing to comply with an instruction from An Garda Síochána.
  • Public mischief-annoying phone calls, wasting police time.
  • Breach of bail.

The largest number of probation orders issued by the courts in 2020 were linked to referrals for Controlled Drug offence related orders. This category accounted for nearly one fifth (17%) of all the probation orders issued in 2020 (605 out of 3,478). In this category, the one year re-offending rate was 23%. See Table 2.1 and Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 One-year re-offending rate by probation referral offence, 2020

People who received Post Release Supervision Orders were the least likely to re-offend

The Probation Re-Offending Statistics includes people who received three broad types of court sanctions, Post Release Supervision Orders, Probation Orders, or Community Service Orders depending on the circumstances of their cases. Out of the three types, people linked with a Post Release Supervision Order (18%) in 2020 were the least likely to re-offend. Post Release Supervision means that an offender is monitored when they are released from prison in order to comply with the conditions set out by their court outcome. People who received a Probation Order (30%) in 2020 were most likely to re-offend within a year. See Table 2.1 and Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 One-year re-offending rate & indicator by probation type, 2020

Donegal and Wicklow had the lowest one-year probation related re-offending rates during 2020

Donegal (10%) and Wicklow (12%) were the two counties with the lowest one-year re-offending rates at NUTS1 3 level in 2020. The West (21%) (which contains Galway in addition to Mayo and Roscommon) and Midlands (21%) (which contains Laois, Longford, Offaly, and Westmeath) also had the lowest regional levels of re-offending although these regions contained just 369 of the total 3,478 people issued with probation orders in 2020 (11%). The South-West, consisting of counties Cork and Kerry, had the highest level (31%) of one-year re-offending from people who received probation in 2020. In Dublin, where the highest number of people linked to probation were based (30%), just over one quarter (27%) of people who received a probation order re-offended within a year. See Map 2.1 and Table 2.2.

1NUTS = Nomenclature des Unités territoriales statistiques. A standard geographical breakdown of Ireland geographically at county (NUTS 3), regional (NUTS 2) and national level (NUTS 1). See CSO County and NUTS Regions classification for further information.

Map 2.1 One-year re-offending rate & indicator type by country of residence of re-offender, 2020
Table 2.2 Probation re-offending rate by regional authority area and county of residence of offender, 2020

Most re-offending takes place in the 6 months following the Probation Order

  • Over two-thirds (69%) of people who received a probation order in 2020 and who re-offended within one year did so in the first six months after receiving their probation order.
  • Earlier re-offending (within 6 months of probation) was higher for young adult females under the age of 25 (80%) than males (68%) although in 2020 the number of young adult males (290) linked to probation orders remained significantly more than females of the same age (20). See Figure 2.4 and Table 2.3.
Figure 2.4 One year re-offending rate by time period to first offence, aged under 25 years and by sex, 2020
Table 2.3 Re-offender numbers classified by time period to first re-offence, sex, age group and probation type, 2020

Most re-offending linked to Public Order related offences

People that re-offended within a year of receiving their probation orders in 2020 were most likely to carry out a re-offence related to Public Order & Other Social Codes offences, with over a quarter (28%) of re-offending occurring in this offence category. This offence category includes:

  • Threatening or abusive behaviour.
  • Disorderly conduct.
  • Failing to comply with the direction of An Garda Síochána.

In contrast, there was almost no re-offending linked to re-offences in the categories of Homicide, Sexual offending, or Kidnapping (less than half a percent). See Figure 2.5 and Table 2.4.

Figure 2.5 One-year probation re-offending by offence type, 2020
Table 2.4 Re-offenders classified by re-offending offence, 2020

Re-offenders linked with Robbery or Offences against Government were most likely to receive a custodial sanction for their re-offence

  • Overall, just over one fifth (21%) of re-offences that took place within a year of probation resulted in a custodial sanction being issued by the courts, a slight fall compared with results from people who re-offending in 2019 (22%).
  • Re-offences related to Burglary (52%) and Damage to Property and the Environment (48%) were the most likely to result in a custodial sanction.
  • Public Order (12%) and Controlled Drug re-offences (13%) were least likely to result in a custodial sanction for a re-offence. See Figure 2.6 and Table 2.5.
Figure 2.6 Re-offenders by re-offence sanction type, 2020
Table 2.5 Re-offenders classified by re-offending offence and custodial indicator, 2020

Younger adults most likely to commit Controlled Drug related re-offences

  • Over one quarter (27%) of the re-offending that took place within a year of probation by adults under 25 took place in offences related to Controlled Drug offences.
  • Public Order (23%) and Theft & Related offences (14%) were the second and third most frequent re-offending offence types in young adults who re-offended within a year of receiving a probation order. See Table 2.6.
Table 2.6 One year re-offenders aged under 25 classified by re-offending offence, 2020