The value of Ireland’s Agricultural Output in 2025 increased by €1.4bn (+12%) to €14.0bn. The main driver of the higher value of agricultural outputs was Cattle. While Cattle volumes were down 5%, prices were up 43% resulting in their value increasing by €1.1bn to €4.2bn.
Milk, one of the main determinants of the overall value of agricultural output, saw its value increase by €316m to €4.5bn due to both higher prices (+3%) and volumes (+4%) in 2025. This was still 10% below its 2022 value.
Crop values were down by 3% (-€87m) to €2.7bn in 2025, with lower Potato values accounting for €46m of this reduction. Cereal values fell by 1% (-€4m) in 2025 and were down 48% on their 2022 value.
The agricultural sector spent €8.0bn on the goods and services used in the production process (i.e. Intermediate Consumption Costs), an increase of 5% on 2024.
The difference between the value of Ireland’s Agricultural Output and the cost of the goods and services used in the production process, Gross Value Added, was €5.9bn in 2025, a 22% increase on 2024. When comparing these costs with the Gross Value Added, for every €1 spent on the cost of goods and services used in the production process, Ireland’s agricultural sector created added value of €0.73 in 2025.
When the value of Fixed Capital Consumption, Other Subsidies less Taxes on Production, and Compensation of Employee costs are subtracted from the value of Gross Value Added, the value of Agricultural Operating Surplus increased by 23% (+€985m) to €5.3bn in 2025. This was the first year that Operating Surplus exceeded its 2022 value.
Entrepreneurial Income, which accounts for the cost of Net Interest payments and Land Rental, was €4.6bn in 2025, up 31% (+€1.1bn) from 2024.
This release updates the Preliminary Estimate of Output, Input and Income in Agriculture published by the CSO in March 2026. It also includes routine revisions for the years 2022 to 2024.
The CSO’s final estimate for 2025 is that the value of Agricultural Output at Basic Prices grew by €1.4bn (+12%) to €14.0bn. The main factor behind this growth was a sharp rise in Cattle prices (+43%), resulting in Cattle contributing an additional €1.1bn to the value of agricultural output for the year.
Intermediate Consumption costs increased by €380m to €8.0bn, with Fertilisers accounting for €132m of this increase and higher expenditure on Maintenance & Repairs a further €107m. Gross Value Added at Basic prices (i.e. the value of outputs minus Intermediate Consumption costs) rose by €1.1bn (+22%) to €5.9bn while Agricultural Operating Surplus rose by €985m (+23%) to €5.3bn. When the cost of Net Interest and Land Rental are accounted for, Entrepreneurial Income was up by 31% to €4.6bn in 2025 (See Table 1.3).
| X-axis label | Agricultural Output at Basic Prices | Gross Value Added at Basic Prices | Operating Surplus |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 12.8939599496244 | 5.00217859559852 | 4.76776307977835 |
| 2023 | 11.4199782966769 | 3.46429257995272 | 2.71722046144976 |
| 2024 | 12.5072655468971 | 4.83899536968104 | 4.28467283140916 |
| 2025 | 13.9502432404775 | 5.90173559495871 | 5.26968720715418 |
| Table 1.1: Agricultural Output, Gross Value Added and Operating Surplus, 2022–2025 | ||||||||
| € million | Annual Change (%) | |||||||
| 2022¹ | 2023¹ | 2024¹ | 2025 | 2023¹ | 2024¹ | 2025 | ||
| Agricultural Output at Basic Prices | 12,894 | 11,420 | 12,507 | 13,950 | -11.4 | 9.5 | 11.5 | |
| Gross Value Added at Basic Prices | 5,002 | 3,464 | 4,839 | 5,902 | -30.7 | 39.7 | 22.0 | |
| Operating Surplus | 4,768 | 2,717 | 4,285 | 5,270 | -43.0 | 57.7 | 23.0 | |
| 1 Revised. | ||||||||
The value of Livestock grew by 25% (+€1.2bn) to €5.9bn in 2025. This increase was mainly attributable to higher Cattle prices (+43%). At €4.2bn, the value of Cattle grew by €1.1bn despite volumes falling by 5%. Cattle accounted for 30% of the total value of agricultural output in 2025.
Sheep prices increased by 7%, but with volumes falling by 5%, their overall value grew by €7m to €394m.
Pigs were the only category of livestock that experienced a drop in value. With their prices down 5% and volumes up 2%, their value fell by €17m to €693m.
Milk, which generated 32% of the value of agricultural outputs in 2025, increased in value by €316m (+8%) to €4.5bn. Stronger prices accounted for 3% of this increase. It is however worth noting that Milk had not yet fully recovered to its 2022 value, remaining 10% lower.
The overall value of Crop production fell by 3% (-€87m) from 2024 to 2025. Forage Plants were down €62m (-4%) due to weaker prices (-6%). The other main contributors to the fall in Crop values were Potatoes and Cereals. The volume of Potatoes produced increased by 8%, but with a 24% drop in prices, their value fell by €46m to €218m. Cereal prices fell by an average of 14% but higher volumes resulted in their value decreasing by just 1% (-€4m) to €377m. As with Milk, Cereal values were still below their 2022 values, with Barley 50% lower, Wheat down 47% and Oats reduced by 33% (See Figure 1.2 Table 1.3).
| X-axis label | 2025 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle | 29.9 | |||||
| Pigs | 5 | |||||
| Sheep | 2.8 | |||||
| Milk | 32.2 | |||||
| Cereals | 2.7 | |||||
| Potatoes | 1.6 | |||||
| Fruit and Vegetables | 2.8 | |||||
| Forage plants | 11.6 | |||||
| Other crops | 0.8 | |||||
| Other | 10.6 |
An analysis of the annual change in Intermediate Consumption costs shows that they grew by €380m (+5%) to €8.0bn. This increase was mainly the result of higher expenditure on Fertilisers, and Maintenance & Repairs, both of which accounted for 9% each of total Intermediate Consumption costs (See Figure 1.3). With Fertiliser prices up 5% and volumes increasing by 16%, their cost rose by €132m to €733m. Expenditure on Maintenance & Repairs increased by €107m (+17%) to €727m for the year (See Table 1.3).
| X-axis label | 2025 |
|---|---|
| Feeding Stuffs | 27.2 |
| Crop Protection Products | 1.3 |
| Fertilisers | 9.1 |
| Seeds | 1.5 |
| Energy & Lubricants | 7.8 |
| Maintenance & Repairs | 9 |
| Other Goods & Services | 8.7 |
| Veterinary Expenses | 5.3 |
| Forage Plants | 20.1 |
| Contract Work | 8.5 |
| FISIM | 1.4 |
The value of Agricultural Output at Basic Prices increased by €1.4bn in 2025, Intermediate Consumption costs rose by €380m, Fixed Capital Consumption grew by €8m, Other Subsidies less Taxes on Production were up by €25m, and Compensation of Employees costs rose by €95m. Combined, these resulted in an increase of €985m (+23%) in the value of Operating Surplus, bringing it to €5.3bn. With Net Interest charges decreasing by €34m and Land Rental costs falling by €63m, Entrepreneurial Income rose by €1.1bn (+31%) to €4.6bn in 2025 (See Table 1.3).
Subsidies continued to make up a significant proportion of agricultural incomes in 2025. The combined value of net subsides (i.e. Subsidies less Taxes) on both products and production increased by €45m to €2.0bn. This €2.0bn accounted for 39% of Operating Surplus and 45% of Entrepreneurial Income, down from 47% and 57% respectively in 2024. (See Table 1.2 & Figure 1.4).
| X-axis label | Operating Surplus | Entrepreneurial Income | Net Subsidies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 4.76776307977835 | 4.17589781421879 | 1.94485234170949 |
| 2023 | 2.71722046144976 | 2.01545705881834 | 1.63648955852305 |
| 2024 | 4.28467283140916 | 3.50264023356639 | 2.00394575965496 |
| 2025 | 5.26968720715418 | 4.58478776344616 | 2.04888739870838 |
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Statistician's Comment
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (31 July 2026) published Output, Input and Income in Agriculture – Final Estimate 2025.
Commenting on the release, Mairead Griffin, Statistician in the Agriculture Accounts & Production Section, said: "This release is our final estimate of the value of agricultural outputs, inputs, and income for 2025.
Entrepreneurial Income, at €4.6bn, was up 10% on its 2022 value of €4.2bn. While the measures of total agricultural incomes showed an increase, it is worth noting that the value of Milk remained 10% below its 2022 value while cereal values were down 48% over the same three-year period.
Looking at the annual changes for 2025, our results show that the value of Agricultural Output at Basic Prices rose by 12% (+€1.4bn) to €14.0bn. This was largely due to higher Cattle prices (+43%) which resulted in Cattle contributing an additional €1.1bn to the value of Agricultural Outputs for the year. Milk was up 8% (+€316m), with stronger prices accounting for 3% of this growth. Crops experienced a reduction in value (-€87m), with Potatoes down €46m (-18%) due to lower prices (-24%), and Forage Plants down €62m (-4%) due to weaker prices (-6%).
Intermediate Consumption Costs rose by €380m (+5%), mainly driven by the higher cost of Fertilisers (+€132m) and Maintenance & Repairs (+€107m).
Operating Surplus grew by 23% (+€985m) to €5.3bn while Entrepreneurial Income, which includes the cost of land rental and net interest payments, increased by 31% (+€1.1bn) to €4.6bn in 2025."