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Quarterly National Accounts Quarter 4 2023

Compensation of Employees

Compensation of Employees decreased by 0.6% in Q4 2023

Online ISSN: 2009-5775

CSO statistical release, 01 March 2024, 11am

Table 7.1 Compensation of Employees by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector of Origin, Q4 2023¹
	Amount €m	Quarterly % change
Public Admin, Education and Health	8,952	1.1
Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants	6,012	4.7
Professional, Admin and Support Services	4,446	3.0
Industry (excl. Construction)	3,913	-3.2
Information and Communication	2,838	-12.5
Financial and Insurance Activities	2,430	-2.5
Construction	1,406	-3.9
Arts, Entertainment and Other Services	635	2.6
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing	211	-19.6
Real Estate Activities	201	0.7
Total	31,043	-0.6
¹Constant Market Prices, seasonally adjusted.

Open in Excel: Quarterly National Accounts Q4 2023 Table 7.1 (XLS 10KB)

On a seasonally adjusted basis, total Compensation of Employees decreased by 0.6% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Largest increase in growth quarter on quarter by sector can be seen in Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants (4.7%). Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing had the largest decrease of 19.6% this quarter compared to the previous.

`-	Constant	Current
2017Q1	3.41961098457126	2.23943346603603
2017Q2	-1.5141776940236	1.46940590979405
2017Q3	3.99794895275123	1.5759825488795
2017Q4	0.100906366049491	1.39737736833843
2018Q1	-0.23685472702073	0.683770592426214
2018Q2	3.20168289237324	2.56008410687942
2018Q3	0.311923564325656	2.2310684811802
2018Q4	2.21104226745534	1.19081043881801
2019Q1	0.943509653929042	2.73056429973457
2019Q2	0.77658858047347	1.83803805159397
2019Q3	0.561180698641683	0.403382648633865
2019Q4	0.57271074066878	2.37302333457043
2020Q1	-1.48090736265825	1.44130930020556
2020Q2	-12.1422153267455	-11.2414669480701
2020Q3	13.7353619759709	7.18537602496698
2020Q4	-1.66433157614334	5.95223588316864
2021Q1	-1.11579960146175	-1.92344765404762
2021Q2	4.9492429779266	4.95410157653537
2021Q3	2.20088973034558	4.9857913313839
2021Q4	3.67394960603038	2.58710316578306
2022Q1	-1.11579960146175	0.524480871120536
2022Q2	0.646127687469789	2.46255954130237
2022Q3	0.643126423552953	1.91300075594478
2022Q4	1.16190931958322	1.88725268911327
2023Q1	1.3449567513155	4.3062115165682
2023Q2	0.967659897536954	0.613560292928517
2023Q3	-0.0119154402079213	0.25011524909857
2023Q4	-0.606947203737329	1.39540163941321

Column1	Q4 2023	Q4 2022
Public Admin, Education and Health	9.064086435	8.611064444
Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants	5.976635958	5.502136724
Industry (excl. Construction)	3.760856325	4.199063982
Professional, Admin and Support Services	4.307242753	3.872521162
Information and Communication	2.775600413	2.972554635
Financial and Insurance Activities	2.366738873	2.462207313
Construction	1.363458519	1.482726936
Arts, Entertainment and Other Services	0.641626361	0.58130934
Real Estate Activities	0.202592954	0.251916611
Agriculture Forestry and Fishing	0.212352799	0.205269868

The fourth quarter of 2023 sees Compensation of Employees increase by 1.8% compared to the corresponding period of the previous year. The largest increase by sector can be seen in Professional, Admin and Support Services (11.2%). Real Estate Activities had the largest decrease of 19.6% compared to the same period in the previous year.

	Foreign	Domestic
Q1 2019	8.32363322452	16.58093506316
Q2 2019	7.92175249646	17.2470695691
Q3 2019	7.76931721598	17.09930191653
Q4 2019	8.1740333634	17.86402905458
Q1 2020	9.13295502354	17.3407344602
Q2 2020	8.10328839483	15.20132462598
Q3 2020	8.02467845421	16.56292599403
Q4 2020	8.79998917425	18.15231802388
Q1 2021	9.37432471679	16.6938347268
Q2 2021	9.12460591602	18.14449155372
Q3 2021	8.86392775622	19.34231125265
Q4 2021	9.61218448715	20.04096121507
Q1 2022	10.98193841396	18.71848735327
Q2 2022	10.45366222668	19.77393413355
Q3 2022	10.22278417461	20.03926090119
Q4 2022	10.60858268246	21.10680565374
Q1 2023	12.343721808	20.750224845
Q2 2023	11.636553126	21.348375402
Q3 2023	11.09220123	21.349621711
Q4 2023	11.509826837	22.213516834

In Q4 of 2023, just over 65% of total Compensation of Employees comes from domestic enterprises leaving just under 35% coming from foreign enterprises.

Foreign enterprises are identified by using institutional sector codes which are outlined in The European System of Accounts. Institutional units are any unit that has autonomy of decision and/or a complete set of accounts. Foreign controlled enterprises are any unit with the following institutional sector code: S.11003, S.12203, S.12303, S.12403, S.12503, S.12603, S.12703, S.12803 and S.12903. The foreign/domestic split is calculated using PMOD company level data.

	Q4 2023	Q4 2022
Public Admin, Education and Health	665.0110843327	652.1766362342
Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants	544.8731096353	513.8494321965
Industry (excl. Construction)	308.1777027758	296.9041341345
Professional, Admin and Support Services	229.2776477807	222.342635023
Information and Communication	153.0531753669	157.7250921539
Construction	117.7239304407	115.1123121493
Financial and Insurance Activities	117.3355129228	117.9086871889
Arts, Entertainment and Other Services	82.999239731	81.7529001231
Agriculture Forestry and Fishing	25.7286848856	26.1828661764
Real Estate Activities	9.7806686213	8.6393655027

Table 7.2 Compensation of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector² of Origin at Constant Market Prices (Chain linked annually and referenced to year 2021)

Table 7.2 Compensation of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. A10 Sector of Origin at Constant Market Prices (Chain linked annually and referenced to year 2021)²												€million
Period	Agriculture Forestry and Fishing	Industry (excl. Construction)	of which Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants	Information and Communication	Financial and Insurance Activities	Real Estate Activities	Professional, Admin and Support Services	Public Admin, Education and Health	Arts, Entertainment and Other Services	Total
2017	865	14,575	12,863	4,408	20,435	8,175	7,677	848	12,900	26,950	2,555	99,031
2018	829	14,622	12,955	5,008	21,086	8,663	7,461	816	13,948	28,903	2,666	103,601
2019	811	15,137	13,332	5,217	21,335	9,195	8,230	844	14,677	30,772	2,542	108,460
2020	768	15,048	13,462	4,399	18,798	9,485	8,830	843	14,357	29,893	1,928	104,281
2021	873	15,509	13,930	4,709	19,385	10,739	9,129	957	15,237	32,561	2,095	111,194
2022	800	16,959	14,935	6,005	21,794	12,070	9,776	1,038	15,838	33,795	2,351	120,427
2023	840	16,478	14,616	5,905	23,154	12,271	9,861	799	17,362	35,240	2,523	124,434

2017
Q1	213	3,637	3,215	1,091	5,081	2,029	1,999	230	3,220	6,844	622	24,900
Q2	242	3,544	3,131	1,065	5,062	1,949	1,840	210	3,267	6,681	636	24,406
Q3	218	3,807	3,335	1,117	5,127	2,182	1,980	207	3,251	6,337	657	24,729
Q4	192	3,587	3,182	1,135	5,165	2,014	1,858	200	3,163	7,088	640	24,997
2018
Q1	203	3,601	3,187	1,167	4,997	2,138	1,870	186	3,290	7,110	654	25,137
Q2	213	3,699	3,267	1,301	5,321	2,148	1,952	222	3,638	7,503	653	26,564
Q3	212	3,765	3,353	1,325	5,316	2,289	1,790	176	3,525	6,611	705	25,526
Q4	201	3,557	3,148	1,215	5,452	2,088	1,850	233	3,495	7,679	654	26,374
2019
Q1	200	3,821	3,362	1,232	5,390	2,210	2,026	211	3,730	7,875	616	27,251
Q2	213	3,764	3,266	1,331	5,365	2,292	2,084	229	3,739	7,792	659	27,394
Q3	186	3,878	3,438	1,328	5,329	2,431	2,083	205	3,594	7,152	635	26,724
Q4	212	3,673	3,267	1,326	5,251	2,262	2,036	200	3,615	7,953	631	27,092
2020
Q1	211	3,741	3,346	1,266	5,277	2,313	2,171	211	3,811	7,832	615	27,387
Q2	167	3,425	3,051	694	3,763	2,393	2,412	203	3,474	7,289	297	24,196
Q3	191	3,987	3,528	1,248	5,077	2,354	2,168	224	3,696	6,964	617	26,464
Q4	200	3,896	3,536	1,192	4,681	2,425	2,078	205	3,376	7,809	400	26,234
2021
Q1	212	4,015	3,677	922	4,254	2,623	2,241	181	3,539	8,145	357	26,519
Q2	244	4,030	3,625	1,139	4,728	2,597	2,371	222	3,896	8,525	499	28,270
Q3	209	3,709	3,281	1,302	5,304	2,621	2,164	293	3,882	7,494	617	27,551
Q4	208	3,755	3,348	1,346	5,099	2,898	2,353	260	3,920	8,397	622	28,853
2022
Q1	192	4,095	3,629	1,453	5,372	3,097	2,461	328	4,030	8,699	600	30,328
Q2	215	4,283	3,780	1,487	5,577	3,039	2,472	232	4,006	8,537	571	30,419
Q3	187	4,383	3,839	1,583	5,343	2,960	2,380	226	3,930	7,948	599	29,538
Q4	205	4,199	3,687	1,483	5,502	2,973	2,462	252	3,873	8,611	581	30,141
2023
Q1	190	4,415	3,973	1,458	5,610	3,103	2,508	238	4,279	9,107	623	31,531
Q2	189	4,167	3,707	1,572	5,862	3,181	2,560	154	4,498	8,884	627	31,695
Q3	248	4,135	3,639	1,512	5,704	3,212	2,426	205	4,279	8,185	631	30,537
Q4	212	3,761	3,297	1,363	5,977	2,776	2,367	203	4,307	9,064	642	30,671

Percentage change on corresponding period of previous year
2017	-6.7	5.5	3.7	12.3	5.0	8.1	0.9	-0.3	4.6	5.6	2.1	5.1
2018	-4.1	0.3	0.7	13.6	3.2	6.0	-2.8	-3.8	8.1	7.2	4.3	4.6
2019	-2.2	3.5	2.9	4.2	1.2	6.1	10.3	3.4	5.2	6.5	-4.7	4.7
2020	-5.3	-0.6	1.0	-15.7	-11.9	3.2	7.3	-0.1	-2.2	-2.9	-24.1	-3.9
2021	13.6	3.1	3.5	7.0	3.1	13.2	3.4	13.5	6.1	8.9	8.7	6.6
2022	-8.3	9.3	7.2	27.5	12.4	12.4	7.1	8.5	3.9	3.8	12.2	8.3
2023	5.0	-2.8	-2.1	-1.7	6.2	1.7	0.9	-23.0	9.6	4.3	7.3	3.3

2017
Q1	0.3	7.3	7.2	19.7	6.4	5.5	5.8	17.6	7.0	6.3	-1.1	6.7
Q2	-6.8	1.0	-1.0	5.4	5.3	2.1	-7.4	-10.5	5.2	0.0	-0.4	1.3
Q3	-8.4	7.7	5.0	10.0	3.3	14.5	4.9	0.2	3.2	8.9	3.9	6.6
Q4	-11.7	6.0	3.6	14.8	5.1	10.4	0.7	-6.2	3.0	7.6	6.2	5.9
2018
Q1	-4.6	-1.0	-0.9	6.9	-1.7	5.4	-6.5	-19.2	2.2	3.9	5.2	1.0
Q2	-11.7	4.4	4.3	22.2	5.1	10.2	6.1	5.5	11.4	12.3	2.7	8.8
Q3	-2.7	-1.1	0.6	18.7	3.7	4.9	-9.6	-15.3	8.4	4.3	7.3	3.2
Q4	4.6	-0.9	-1.1	7.0	5.6	3.7	-0.4	16.2	10.5	8.3	2.2	5.5
2019
Q1	-1.5	6.1	5.5	5.6	7.9	3.4	8.4	13.1	13.4	10.8	-5.8	8.4
Q2	-0.1	1.7	-0.0	2.3	0.8	6.7	6.8	3.3	2.8	3.9	1.0	3.1
Q3	-12.1	3.0	2.5	0.2	0.2	6.2	16.4	16.7	1.9	8.2	-9.9	4.7
Q4	5.4	3.3	3.8	9.2	-3.7	8.3	10.1	-14.3	3.4	3.6	-3.6	2.7
2020
Q1	5.2	-2.1	-0.5	2.7	-2.1	4.6	7.2	0.2	2.2	-0.5	-0.3	0.5
Q2	-21.7	-9.0	-6.6	-47.9	-29.9	4.4	15.7	-11.2	-7.1	-6.5	-55.0	-11.7
Q3	2.2	2.8	2.6	-6.0	-4.7	-3.2	4.1	9.2	2.8	-2.6	-2.9	-1.0
Q4	-5.3	6.1	8.3	-10.1	-10.8	7.2	2.1	2.7	-6.6	-1.8	-36.6	-3.2
2021
Q1	0.4	7.3	9.9	-27.1	-19.4	13.4	3.2	-14.1	-7.1	4.0	-41.9	-3.2
Q2	46.2	17.7	18.8	64.1	25.6	8.5	-1.7	9.2	12.1	17.0	67.9	16.8
Q3	9.9	-7.0	-7.0	4.3	4.5	11.3	-0.2	31.2	5.0	7.6	0.1	4.1
Q4	3.8	-3.6	-5.3	13.0	8.9	19.5	13.2	26.9	16.1	7.5	55.6	10.0
2022
Q1	-9.2	2.0	-1.3	57.5	26.3	18.1	9.8	81.3	13.9	6.8	68.0	14.4
Q2	-11.7	6.3	4.3	30.6	18.0	17.0	4.3	4.2	2.8	0.1	14.6	7.6
Q3	-10.6	18.2	17.0	21.6	0.7	13.0	10.0	-22.9	1.2	6.1	-3.1	7.2
Q4	-1.3	11.8	10.1	10.1	7.9	2.6	4.6	-3.1	-1.2	2.6	-6.6	4.5
2023
Q1	-0.9	7.8	9.5	0.4	4.4	0.2	1.9	-27.6	6.2	4.7	3.9	4.0
Q2	-12.0	-2.7	-1.9	5.7	5.1	4.7	3.6	-33.4	12.3	4.1	9.7	4.2
Q3	32.5	-5.6	-5.2	-4.5	6.8	8.5	1.9	-9.6	8.9	3.0	5.5	3.4
Q4	3.5	-10.4	-10.6	-8.0	8.6	-6.6	-3.9	-19.6	11.2	5.3	10.4	1.8
¹Compensation of employees is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done. Compensation of employees is made up of the following components: (a) wages and salaries and (b) employers’ social contributions.
²Chain linked series not additive

Open in Excel: Quarterly National Accounts Q4 2023 Table 7.2 (XLS 25KB)

Table 7.3 Compensation of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector of Origin at Constant Market Prices - Seasonally Adjusted (Chain linked annually and referenced to year 2021)

Table 7.3 Compensation of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector of Origin at Constant Market Prices- Seasonally Adjusted (Chain linked annually and referenced to year 2021)²												€million
Period	Agriculture Forestry and Fishing	Industry (excl. Construction)	of which Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants	Information and Communication	Financial and Insurance Activities	Real Estate Activities	Professional, Admin and Support Services	Public Admin, Education and Health	Arts, Entertainment and Other Services	Total
2017
Q1	221	3,627	3,207	1,090	5,112	2,008	1,994	236	3,189	6,550	623	24,649
Q2	222	3,535	3,138	1,064	5,059	1,940	1,778	208	3,235	6,597	639	24,275
Q3	216	3,719	3,262	1,090	5,111	2,139	1,991	206	3,223	6,907	644	25,246
Q4	205	3,698	3,259	1,165	5,169	2,090	1,925	199	3,264	6,912	645	25,271
2018
Q1	209	3,589	3,175	1,211	5,006	2,114	1,862	191	3,342	7,031	657	25,212
Q2	197	3,693	3,278	1,254	5,325	2,139	1,875	219	3,485	7,169	663	26,019
Q3	213	3,670	3,272	1,296	5,287	2,244	1,810	174	3,521	7,196	690	26,100
Q4	211	3,669	3,231	1,240	5,486	2,163	1,921	232	3,603	7,499	653	26,677
2019
Q1	205	3,815	3,349	1,235	5,383	2,185	2,014	215	3,685	7,571	620	26,929
Q2	197	3,751	3,270	1,334	5,361	2,279	1,993	227	3,665	7,656	676	27,138
Q3	190	3,782	3,359	1,297	5,294	2,399	2,121	203	3,610	7,776	619	27,290
Q4	219	3,791	3,359	1,350	5,314	2,331	2,110	199	3,722	7,784	625	27,446
2020
Q1	216	3,733	3,326	1,271	5,254	2,284	2,152	216	3,764	7,533	619	27,040
Q2	154	3,412	3,052	697	3,743	2,376	2,308	202	3,395	7,153	317	23,757
Q3	197	3,889	3,452	1,216	5,056	2,343	2,216	221	3,727	7,556	600	27,020
Q4	205	4,026	3,648	1,214	4,754	2,487	2,150	204	3,475	7,665	392	26,570
2021
Q1	217	4,003	3,645	948	4,227	2,586	2,215	185	3,551	7,980	360	26,274
Q2	225	4,008	3,614	1,117	4,690	2,572	2,272	222	3,743	8,204	520	27,574
Q3	219	3,623	3,219	1,265	5,300	2,630	2,218	289	3,917	8,117	602	28,181
Q4	209	3,888	3,467	1,377	5,172	2,964	2,428	258	4,038	8,269	613	29,216
2022
Q1	197	4,071	3,582	1,456	5,341	3,043	2,426	337	3,972	8,346	602	29,790
Q2	200	4,259	3,764	1,494	5,529	3,008	2,379	232	3,912	8,376	592	29,983
Q3	197	4,281	3,771	1,535	5,359	2,987	2,442	222	3,967	8,601	585	30,176
Q4	205	4,359	3,835	1,523	5,559	3,036	2,534	250	3,991	8,497	573	30,526
2023
Q1	194	4,381	3,912	1,458	5,591	3,040	2,467	244	4,214	8,724	624	30,937
Q2	178	4,141	3,683	1,580	5,799	3,148	2,471	155	4,395	8,722	647	31,236
Q3	262	4,042	3,577	1,463	5,744	3,245	2,491	200	4,315	8,853	618	31,233
Q4	211	3,913	3,440	1,406	6,012	2,838	2,430	201	4,446	8,952	635	31,043

Percentage change on previous quarter
2017
Q1	-5.0	4.3	2.3	6.9	4.3	6.3	4.7	11.0	0.7	2.0	1.6	3.4
Q2	0.1	-2.5	-2.1	-2.4	-1.0	-3.4	-10.9	-11.8	1.5	0.7	2.7	-1.5
Q3	-2.3	5.2	3.9	2.5	1.0	10.3	12.0	-0.9	-0.4	4.7	0.8	4.0
Q4	-5.5	-0.6	-0.1	6.8	1.1	-2.3	-3.3	-3.3	1.3	0.1	0.1	0.1
2018
Q1	2.1	-2.9	-2.6	3.9	-3.2	1.2	-3.3	-4.2	2.4	1.7	1.8	-0.2
Q2	-5.6	2.9	3.2	3.6	6.4	1.2	0.7	14.9	4.3	2.0	0.9	3.2
Q3	8.0	-0.6	-0.2	3.3	-0.7	4.9	-3.5	-20.8	1.0	0.4	4.2	0.3
Q4	-0.8	-0.0	-1.3	-4.3	3.8	-3.6	6.1	33.6	2.3	4.2	-5.4	2.2
2019
Q1	-2.9	4.0	3.7	-0.4	-1.9	1.0	4.8	-7.2	2.3	1.0	-5.1	0.9
Q2	-3.8	-1.7	-2.4	8.0	-0.4	4.3	-1.0	5.4	-0.6	1.1	9.1	0.8
Q3	-3.7	0.8	2.7	-2.8	-1.2	5.3	6.4	-10.8	-1.5	1.6	-8.5	0.6
Q4	15.4	0.2	-0.0	4.1	0.4	-2.8	-0.5	-1.9	3.1	0.1	1.1	0.6
2020
Q1	-1.4	-1.5	-1.0	-5.9	-1.1	-2.0	2.0	8.5	1.1	-3.2	-1.0	-1.5
Q2	-28.7	-8.6	-8.2	-45.2	-28.8	4.0	7.2	-6.2	-9.8	-5.0	-48.8	-12.1
Q3	27.7	14.0	13.1	74.5	35.1	-1.4	-4.0	9.1	9.8	5.6	89.4	13.7
Q4	4.0	3.5	5.7	-0.1	-6.0	6.1	-3.0	-7.6	-6.8	1.4	-34.8	-1.7
2021
Q1	6.3	-0.6	-0.1	-21.9	-11.1	4.0	3.1	-9.1	2.2	4.1	-7.9	-1.1
Q2	3.5	0.1	-0.9	17.9	11.0	-0.5	2.6	19.6	5.4	2.8	44.3	4.9
Q3	-2.7	-9.6	-10.9	13.2	13.0	2.2	-2.4	30.2	4.6	-1.1	15.8	2.2
Q4	-4.4	7.3	7.7	8.9	-2.4	12.7	9.5	-10.7	3.1	1.9	1.8	3.7
2022
Q1	6.3	-0.6	-0.1	-21.9	-11.1	4.0	3.1	-9.1	2.2	4.1	-7.9	-1.1
Q2	1.6	4.6	5.1	2.7	3.5	-1.1	-1.9	-31.1	-1.5	0.4	-1.7	0.6
Q3	-1.4	0.5	0.2	2.7	-3.1	-0.7	2.7	-4.4	1.4	2.7	-1.3	0.6
Q4	3.8	1.8	1.7	-0.8	3.7	1.7	3.8	12.7	0.6	-1.2	-2.1	1.2
2023
Q1	-5.4	0.5	2.0	-4.2	0.6	0.1	-2.7	-2.4	5.6	2.7	9.0	1.3
Q2	-8.2	-5.5	-5.8	8.3	3.7	3.6	0.2	-36.4	4.3	-0.0	3.6	1.0
Q3	47.4	-2.4	-2.9	-7.4	-1.0	3.1	0.8	29.0	-1.8	1.5	-4.4	-0.0
Q4	-19.6	-3.2	-3.8	-3.9	4.7	-12.5	-2.5	0.7	3.0	1.1	2.6	-0.6
¹Compensation of employees is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done. Compensation of employees is made up of the following components: (a) wages and salaries and (b) employers’ social contributions.
²Chain linked series not additive

Open in Excel: Quarterly National Accounts Q4 2023 Table 7.3 (XLS 22KB)

Please note: Table 7.4 was updated on 6 March 2024 to rectify an error in the percentage changes for the 2023 quarters. There were no changes to the underlying figures, all other values remain as published on 1 March 2024.

Table 7.4 Compensation of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector² of Origin at Current Market Prices

Table 7.4 Compensation of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10² Sector of Origin at Current Market Prices												€million
Period	Agriculture Forestry and Fishing	Industry (excl. Construction)	of which Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants	Information and Communication	Financial and Insurance Activities	Real Estate Activities	Professional, Admin and Support Services	Public Admin, Education and Health	Arts, Entertainment and Other Services	Total
2017	705	12,095	10,658	3,510	18,092	6,783	7,541	774	10,833	25,904	2,027	88,264
2018	727	13,175	11,682	3,876	18,666	7,537	7,770	849	11,866	27,209	2,148	93,824
2019	777	14,195	12,648	4,151	19,570	8,416	8,279	911	13,438	29,020	2,217	100,974
2020	824	14,392	12,835	4,108	17,583	9,155	8,520	885	13,615	30,330	1,902	101,313
2021	873	15,509	13,930	4,709	19,385	10,739	9,129	957	15,237	32,561	2,095	111,194
2022	1,103	16,792	15,112	5,271	21,964	12,135	9,276	976	16,762	35,018	2,607	121,904
2023	1,160	18,062	16,159	5,721	23,973	13,320	9,841	1,080	18,349	38,086	2,644	132,236

2017
Q1	176	3,048	2,678	890	4,301	1,636	2,066	222	2,646	6,238	490	21,713
Q2	179	2,939	2,590	861	4,512	1,631	1,836	187	2,733	6,458	506	21,842
Q3	176	3,022	2,663	852	4,491	1,746	1,818	179	2,703	6,491	503	21,980
Q4	175	3,085	2,727	908	4,788	1,770	1,821	187	2,750	6,716	528	22,729
2018
Q1	180	3,344	2,978	874	4,363	1,806	2,098	193	2,829	6,575	528	22,789
Q2	183	3,207	2,828	968	4,652	1,857	1,969	233	2,972	6,776	516	23,333
Q3	182	3,291	2,915	1,028	4,709	2,025	1,779	181	2,953	6,785	565	23,498
Q4	182	3,334	2,961	1,007	4,943	1,849	1,924	243	3,111	7,073	539	24,203
2019
Q1	201	3,571	3,185	952	4,713	2,068	2,268	226	3,301	7,071	533	24,903
Q2	192	3,552	3,170	1,034	4,882	2,030	2,031	232	3,332	7,331	551	25,167
Q3	186	3,408	3,009	1,056	4,925	2,158	1,921	220	3,298	7,135	560	24,867
Q4	199	3,664	3,285	1,109	5,050	2,160	2,059	233	3,507	7,483	573	26,036
2020
Q1	209	3,714	3,312	1,049	4,905	2,344	2,367	249	3,634	7,445	555	26,472
Q2	207	3,407	3,048	741	3,646	2,143	2,075	195	3,074	7,447	369	23,303
Q3	198	3,409	3,012	1,099	4,402	2,284	1,959	212	3,195	7,343	486	24,586
Q4	210	3,862	3,463	1,220	4,630	2,384	2,118	228	3,712	8,096	492	26,951
2021
Q1	219	3,766	3,376	909	4,184	2,611	2,493	226	3,595	7,637	427	26,067
Q2	216	3,848	3,457	1,142	4,556	2,562	2,268	226	3,790	8,177	483	27,268
Q3	211	3,760	3,368	1,304	5,176	2,742	2,069	242	3,768	8,358	576	28,205
Q4	227	4,135	3,730	1,355	5,469	2,824	2,299	263	4,083	8,389	609	29,652
2022
Q1	280	4,170	3,767	1,172	5,070	2,995	2,567	244	4,133	8,405	666	29,700
Q2	273	4,242	3,822	1,312	5,507	2,959	2,252	236	4,154	8,636	656	30,227
Q3	266	4,052	3,626	1,384	5,680	3,074	2,154	241	4,159	8,616	634	30,261
Q4	284	4,328	3,897	1,403	5,707	3,108	2,303	254	4,316	9,362	650	31,715
2023
Q1	294	4,640	4,161	1,335	5,779	3,357	2,800	279	4,674	9,289	645	33,092
Q2	285	4,511	4,028	1,429	6,025	3,331	2,396	263	4,614	9,481	647	32,983
Q3	277	4,281	3,818	1,450	6,001	3,326	2,240	260	4,428	9,504	673	32,440
Q4	303	4,629	4,153	1,508	6,167	3,306	2,404	278	4,633	9,813	679	33,721

Percentage change on corresponding period of previous year
2017	3.6	6.3	6.2	19.2	5.5	11.6	5.8	8.7	10.6	5.2	3.7	7.0
2018	3.1	8.9	9.6	10.4	3.2	11.1	3.0	9.8	9.5	5.0	6.0	6.3
2019	6.9	7.7	8.3	7.1	4.8	11.7	6.5	7.3	13.2	6.7	3.2	7.6
2020	6.0	1.4	1.5	-1.0	-10.2	8.8	2.9	-2.9	1.3	4.5	-14.2	0.3
2021	5.9	7.8	8.5	14.6	10.2	17.3	7.2	8.1	11.9	7.4	10.2	9.8
2022	26.4	8.2	8.4	11.9	13.4	13.0	1.6	2.0	10.0	7.5	24.4	9.6
2023	5.2	7.6	6.9	8.5	9.1	9.8	6.1	10.7	9.5	8.8	1.4	8.5

2017
Q1	4.2	8.6	8.5	33.8	6.2	7.7	7.0	26.7	13.2	3.9	2.1	7.8
Q2	4.6	6.3	5.6	13.9	6.6	10.0	6.0	0.4	13.9	5.0	5.8	7.3
Q3	2.5	4.3	4.8	14.6	3.1	14.8	6.3	11.9	9.6	5.8	0.9	6.4
Q4	3.3	5.9	6.1	16.2	6.0	13.8	4.0	-2.2	6.0	6.2	6.1	6.7
2018
Q1	2.0	9.7	11.2	-1.8	1.4	10.4	1.6	-12.9	6.9	5.4	7.7	5.0
Q2	2.4	9.1	9.2	12.4	3.1	13.9	7.2	24.7	8.7	4.9	2.0	6.8
Q3	3.6	8.9	9.4	20.7	4.9	16.0	-2.1	1.0	9.3	4.5	12.4	6.9
Q4	4.2	8.1	8.6	10.8	3.2	4.4	5.6	30.1	13.1	5.3	2.0	6.5
2019
Q1	11.6	6.8	6.9	9.0	8.0	14.5	8.1	16.9	16.7	7.5	0.9	9.3
Q2	4.7	10.8	12.1	6.8	5.0	9.3	3.1	-0.2	12.1	8.2	6.8	7.9
Q3	2.0	3.6	3.2	2.7	4.6	6.6	8.0	22.1	11.7	5.1	-0.9	5.8
Q4	9.5	9.9	10.9	10.1	2.2	16.8	7.0	-4.2	12.7	5.8	6.3	7.6
2020
Q1	4.3	4.0	4.0	10.2	4.1	13.4	4.4	10.4	10.1	5.3	4.2	6.3
Q2	7.7	-4.1	-3.8	-28.4	-25.3	5.5	2.2	-15.9	-7.7	1.6	-33.1	-7.4
Q3	6.6	0.0	0.1	4.0	-10.6	5.8	2.0	-3.6	-3.1	2.9	-13.3	-1.1
Q4	5.6	5.4	5.4	10.0	-8.3	10.4	2.9	-2.1	5.8	8.2	-14.1	3.5
2021
Q1	4.4	1.4	1.9	-13.4	-14.7	11.4	5.3	-9.1	-1.1	2.6	-23.1	-1.5
Q2	4.8	13.0	13.4	54.2	25.0	19.6	9.3	15.6	23.3	9.8	30.9	17.0
Q3	6.4	10.3	11.8	18.7	17.6	20.1	5.6	13.7	17.9	13.8	18.6	14.7
Q4	7.8	7.1	7.7	11.1	18.1	18.5	8.5	15.4	10.0	3.6	23.8	10.0
2022
Q1	27.8	10.7	11.6	29.0	21.2	14.7	3.0	7.9	15.0	10.0	55.9	13.9
Q2	26.0	10.2	10.6	14.9	20.9	15.5	-0.7	4.6	9.6	5.6	35.9	10.9
Q3	26.3	7.8	7.7	6.2	9.7	12.1	4.1	-0.2	10.4	3.1	10.2	7.3
Q4	25.4	4.7	4.5	3.5	4.4	10.0	0.2	-3.3	5.7	11.6	6.7	7.0
2023
Q1	5.2	11.3	10.5	13.9	14.0	12.1	9.1	14.1	13.1	10.5	-3.1	11.4
Q2	4.5	6.3	5.4	8.9	9.4	12.6	6.4	11.4	11.1	9.8	-1.4	9.1
Q3	4.2	5.7	5.3	4.7	5.6	8.2	4.0	7.7	6.5	10.3	6.0	7.2
Q4	6.6	7.0	6.6	7.5	8.1	6.4	4.4	9.6	7.4	4.8	4.5	6.3
¹Compensation of employees is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done. Compensation of employees is made up of the following components: (a) wages and salaries and (b) employers’ social contributions.
²See Background Notes for detailed Nace A10 sector descriptions

Open in Excel: Quarterly National Accounts Q4 2023 Table 7.4 (XLS 24KB)

Table 7.5 Compensation of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector² of Origin at Current Market Prices - Seasonally Adjusted

Table 7.5 Compensation of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector² of Origin at Current Market Prices- Seasonally Adjusted												€million
Period	Agriculture Forestry and Fishing	Industry (excl. Construction)	of which Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants	Information and Communication	Financial and Insurance Activities	Real Estate Activities	Professional, Admin and Support Services	Public Admin, Education and Health	Arts, Entertainment and Other Services	Total
2017
Q1	174	2,948	2,602	931	4,449	1,590	1,879	206	2,628	6,287	492	21,583
Q2	177	2,985	2,635	843	4,504	1,659	1,876	187	2,729	6,433	508	21,900
Q3	179	3,072	2,696	851	4,491	1,739	1,925	194	2,733	6,562	499	22,245
Q4	176	3,105	2,736	887	4,640	1,796	1,876	185	2,754	6,610	527	22,556
2018
Q1	177	3,232	2,878	915	4,521	1,754	1,892	193	2,827	6,671	531	22,710
Q2	182	3,242	2,874	952	4,646	1,893	2,003	219	2,926	6,708	520	23,292
Q3	186	3,364	2,974	1,023	4,682	2,015	1,904	194	3,009	6,875	559	23,811
Q4	182	3,343	2,959	981	4,784	1,875	1,982	239	3,111	7,059	538	24,095
2019
Q1	197	3,487	3,081	997	4,898	2,011	2,036	213	3,252	7,128	535	24,753
Q2	191	3,561	3,200	1,025	4,890	2,072	2,061	236	3,312	7,304	557	25,208
Q3	191	3,531	3,112	1,046	4,872	2,149	2,073	233	3,382	7,279	552	25,310
Q4	199	3,655	3,247	1,076	4,900	2,188	2,119	227	3,495	7,478	573	25,910
2020
Q1	205	3,625	3,214	1,102	5,097	2,281	2,116	238	3,584	7,478	557	26,284
Q2	206	3,391	3,061	740	3,661	2,185	2,104	200	3,048	7,422	374	23,329
Q3	204	3,557	3,146	1,081	4,336	2,277	2,128	222	3,286	7,435	479	25,005
Q4	210	3,722	3,401	1,181	4,487	2,417	2,176	222	3,695	7,891	492	26,494
2021
Q1	213	3,724	3,291	957	4,378	2,540	2,222	218	3,561	7,743	427	25,984
Q2	216	3,815	3,449	1,144	4,578	2,602	2,301	232	3,736	8,157	489	27,271
Q3	218	3,925	3,540	1,277	5,083	2,739	2,256	250	3,882	8,433	569	28,631
Q4	226	4,034	3,662	1,314	5,313	2,864	2,361	256	4,070	8,323	610	29,372
2022
Q1	272	4,082	3,668	1,234	5,304	2,917	2,282	236	4,044	8,490	664	29,526
Q2	272	4,204	3,804	1,314	5,515	2,995	2,287	243	4,133	8,624	665	30,253
Q3	277	4,259	3,811	1,355	5,581	3,075	2,351	248	4,284	8,773	629	30,831
Q4	282	4,283	3,848	1,365	5,588	3,154	2,365	248	4,323	9,154	651	31,413
2023
Q1	286	4,484	4,034	1,403	6,029	3,276	2,484	270	4,572	9,321	642	32,766
Q2	284	4,473	4,005	1,427	6,017	3,360	2,436	270	4,568	9,475	656	32,967
Q3	289	4,512	4,014	1,423	5,933	3,330	2,446	267	4,570	9,612	668	33,050
Q4	300	4,618	4,117	1,470	6,019	3,358	2,471	272	4,651	9,673	679	33,511

Percentage change on previous quarter
2017
Q1	2.0	0.9	1.2	21.9	1.1	0.7	4.4	9.1	1.4	1.5	-1.2	2.2
Q2	2.1	1.3	1.3	-9.5	1.2	4.3	-0.2	-9.4	3.8	2.3	3.2	1.5
Q3	0.7	2.9	2.3	1.0	-0.3	4.8	2.6	4.1	0.2	2.0	-1.7	1.6
Q4	-1.7	1.1	1.5	4.3	3.3	3.3	-2.5	-5.1	0.7	0.7	5.7	1.4
2018
Q1	0.6	4.1	5.2	3.1	-2.6	-2.4	0.8	4.6	2.6	0.9	0.7	0.7
Q2	3.0	0.3	-0.1	4.1	2.8	8.0	5.9	13.6	3.5	0.6	-2.1	2.6
Q3	2.3	3.8	3.5	7.5	0.8	6.4	-4.9	-11.7	2.9	2.5	7.5	2.2
Q4	-2.0	-0.6	-0.5	-4.2	2.2	-6.9	4.1	23.5	3.4	2.7	-3.7	1.2
2019
Q1	7.7	4.3	4.1	1.7	2.4	7.2	2.7	-10.9	4.5	1.0	-0.6	2.7
Q2	-3.0	2.1	3.9	2.8	-0.2	3.0	1.2	10.9	1.8	2.5	4.2	1.8
Q3	0.0	-0.8	-2.7	2.0	-0.4	3.7	0.6	-1.2	2.1	-0.3	-0.9	0.4
Q4	4.5	3.5	4.3	2.9	0.6	1.8	2.2	-2.7	3.3	2.7	3.7	2.4
2020
Q1	2.7	-0.8	-1.0	2.4	4.0	4.2	-0.2	5.0	2.5	0.0	-2.8	1.4
Q2	0.5	-6.5	-4.8	-32.9	-28.2	-4.2	-0.6	-16.2	-15.0	-0.8	-32.9	-11.2
Q3	-0.5	4.9	2.8	46.1	18.4	4.2	1.1	11.0	7.8	0.2	28.1	7.2
Q4	2.6	4.6	8.1	9.3	3.5	6.1	2.3	0.0	12.4	6.1	2.9	6.0
2021
Q1	1.6	0.0	-3.2	-18.9	-2.4	5.1	2.1	-1.7	-3.6	-1.9	-13.3	-1.9
Q2	1.2	2.4	4.8	19.5	4.6	2.5	3.6	6.4	4.9	5.3	14.7	5.0
Q3	1.3	2.9	2.6	11.6	11.0	5.2	-2.0	7.8	3.9	3.4	16.2	5.0
Q4	3.3	2.8	3.4	2.9	4.5	4.6	4.7	2.3	4.9	-1.3	7.3	2.6
2022
Q1	20.5	1.2	0.2	-6.1	-0.2	1.8	-3.3	-7.7	-0.6	2.0	8.8	0.5
Q2	0.0	3.0	3.7	6.5	4.0	2.7	0.2	3.1	2.2	1.6	0.1	2.5
Q3	1.8	1.3	0.2	3.1	1.2	2.7	2.8	2.0	3.6	1.7	-5.5	1.9
Q4	2.0	0.6	1.0	0.7	0.1	2.6	0.6	-0.1	0.9	4.3	3.5	1.9
2023
Q1	1.2	4.7	4.8	2.8	7.9	3.8	5.0	8.9	5.8	1.8	-1.4	4.3
Q2	-0.4	-0.2	-0.7	1.7	-0.2	2.6	-2.0	0.1	-0.1	1.7	2.1	0.6
Q3	1.6	0.9	0.2	-0.3	-1.4	-0.9	0.4	-1.1	0.0	1.4	1.9	0.3
Q4	3.9	2.3	2.6	3.3	1.5	0.8	1.0	1.6	1.8	0.6	1.7	1.4
¹Compensation of employees is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done. Compensation of employees is made up of the following components: (a) wages and salaries and (b) employers’ social contributions.
²See Background Notes for detailed Nace A10 sector descriptions

Open in Excel: Quarterly National Accounts Q4 2023 Table 7.5 (XLS 22KB)

Table 7.6 Breakdown of Compensation of Employees by Foreign and Domestic Enterprises

Table 7.7 Persons in employment¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector²

Table 7.7 Total number of Employees¹ by Nace Rev. 2 A10 Sector²												'000
Period	Agriculture Forestry and Fishing	Industry (excl. Construction)	of which Manufacturing	Construction	Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants	Information and Communication	Financial and Insurance Activities	Real Estate Activities	Professional, Admin and Support Services	Public Admin, Education and Health	Arts, Entertainment and Other Services	Total
2017
Q1	28	261	231	87	489	99	92	8	177	506	85	1,831
Q2	30	260	230	85	492	98	92	7	183	513	87	1,847
Q3	27	271	241	84	499	104	93	7	182	516	89	1,873
Q4	26	265	235	88	509	102	90	7	179	526	91	1,883
2018
Q1	25	261	232	90	497	100	91	7	186	521	93	1,869
Q2	28	257	227	97	510	103	94	8	198	534	89	1,917
Q3	27	270	240	101	520	110	88	6	194	537	96	1,949
Q4	27	261	232	98	522	105	90	8	199	556	90	1,955
2019
Q1	26	270	238	97	523	106	96	7	203	559	87	1,975
Q2	26	266	231	102	519	108	99	7	202	561	89	1,978
Q3	24	278	247	102	520	118	100	7	197	573	90	2,010
Q4	31	271	241	104	529	113	100	7	205	583	87	2,030
2020
Q1	30	269	241	102	518	114	103	8	212	578	86	2,020
Q2	23	271	243	85	417	120	111	9	180	556	61	1,833
Q3	23	285	250	96	479	115	105	8	185	569	80	1,945
Q4	27	283	255	97	483	125	104	8	179	584	71	1,961
2021
Q1	25	291	264	92	444	127	106	7	184	606	63	1,946
Q2	27	296	266	92	468	129	116	7	208	631	73	2,048
Q3	24	292	262	104	536	138	122	10	216	626	85	2,152
Q4	26	297	266	115	514	158	118	9	222	652	82	2,193
2022
Q1	24	301	268	117	521	154	118	11	221	659	75	2,201
Q2	24	306	271	119	534	155	116	8	224	665	78	2,229
Q3	24	316	278	124	533	150	113	8	225	663	81	2,237
Q4	26	308	269	118	545	153	117	10	229	665	83	2,254
2023
Q1	26	313	277	116	553	156	119	8	233	678	83	2,285
Q2	25	297	261	128	565	161	124	6	237	693	83	2,318
Q3	29	307	270	123	555	163	118	7	241	690	86	2,319
Q4	29	302	266	114	573	151	117	8	243	709	90	2,338

Percentage change on corresponding period of previous year
2017
Q1	4.9	6.1	5.1	16.8	5.7	7.9	0.1	20.8	7.5	4.0	0.7	5.5
Q2	7.0	3.8	1.5	7.0	5.1	5.6	-1.3	-9.9	6.1	3.6	0.2	4.1
Q3	-6.1	2.8	1.9	5.1	2.3	7.8	-1.0	6.3	3.5	5.0	3.0	3.4
Q4	-1.5	3.4	2.0	6.9	4.2	4.0	-2.8	-9.1	0.6	4.3	3.5	3.3
2018
Q1	-10.2	0.1	0.3	3.9	1.6	1.0	-1.5	-20.4	5.5	2.8	9.1	2.1
Q2	-6.2	-1.3	-1.2	13.3	3.7	4.7	2.1	5.2	8.3	4.2	1.6	3.8
Q3	0.1	-0.3	-0.2	20.5	4.2	6.6	-5.6	-16.2	6.6	4.0	7.3	4.1
Q4	3.6	-1.4	-1.2	11.2	2.5	2.2	-0.9	8.6	11.3	5.8	-0.6	3.8
2019
Q1	5.1	3.5	2.8	7.5	5.3	6.0	6.0	4.0	9.1	7.4	-5.8	5.6
Q2	-8.7	3.5	1.7	5.7	1.8	5.0	4.8	-7.0	2.2	5.0	-0.1	3.2
Q3	-10.5	3.0	2.8	1.7	0.1	6.7	13.7	6.3	1.4	6.8	-6.5	3.1
Q4	15.6	3.7	4.0	7.0	1.4	8.3	11.9	-12.0	2.5	4.8	-3.3	3.8
2020
Q1	16.4	-0.7	1.2	5.9	-0.9	7.7	7.2	10.4	4.1	3.4	-1.7	2.3
Q2	-11.2	2.1	5.3	-16.9	-19.7	11.8	12.5	25.2	-11.0	-0.9	-31.3	-7.3
Q3	-3.2	2.4	1.5	-6.5	-7.9	-2.3	4.3	21.1	-6.2	-0.8	-10.5	-3.2
Q4	-11.5	4.7	5.7	-7.5	-8.8	10.3	4.2	16.4	-12.7	0.1	-18.5	-3.4
2021
Q1	-18.5	8.4	9.5	-10.5	-14.4	11.8	3.3	-0.7	-13.2	4.8	-26.5	-3.7
Q2	15.3	9.2	9.7	8.6	12.1	7.5	4.9	-21.2	15.4	13.6	20.5	11.7
Q3	1.8	2.7	4.5	8.8	11.7	19.7	16.1	21.5	16.8	10.1	5.8	10.6
Q4	-4.5	4.8	4.7	19.3	6.5	26.1	13.0	4.9	24.4	11.6	15.1	11.8
2022
Q1	-2.2	3.5	1.6	27.3	17.5	20.7	10.9	43.2	20.4	8.8	18.2	13.1
Q2	-9.1	3.3	1.9	28.5	14.3	19.4	0.1	17.9	7.5	5.3	6.5	8.8
Q3	-0.7	8.1	6.2	18.6	-0.5	8.9	-6.9	-20.4	4.4	5.9	-4.2	3.9
Q4	-1.7	3.8	1.1	2.3	6.0	-3.0	-0.5	13.2	3.1	2.0	1.5	2.8
2023
Q1	8.3	3.9	3.4	-0.8	6.0	1.4	1.3	-26.0	5.2	2.8	11.2	3.8
Q2	2.0	-2.9	-3.7	8.1	5.6	4.1	6.5	-22.2	5.9	4.3	6.2	4.0
Q3	20.5	-2.9	-2.9	-0.3	4.2	8.4	4.5	-6.5	6.8	4.1	6.4	3.7
Q4	14.6	-1.9	-1.1	-2.9	5.2	-1.3	-0.1	-19.0	6.2	6.7	8.2	3.7
¹Data from Labour Force Survey
²See Background Notes for detailed Nace A10 sector descriptions

Open in Excel: Quarterly National Accounts Q4 2023 Table 7.7 (XLS 22KB)

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Table 7.6 Breakdown of Compensation of Employees by Foreign and Domestic enterprises 2023Q4
Period	Foreign	Domestic	Foreign	Domestic
	Amount €m	Amount €m	% of total COE	% of total COE
2019
Q1	8,323.63	16,580.94	33.42	66.58
Q2	7,921.75	17,247.07	31.47	68.53
Q3	7,769.32	17,099.30	31.24	68.76
Q4	8,174.03	17,864.03	31.39	68.61
2020
Q1	9,132.96	17,340.73	34.50	65.50
Q2	8,103.29	15,201.32	34.77	65.23
Q3	8,024.68	16,562.93	32.64	67.36
Q4	8,799.99	18,152.32	32.65	67.35
2021
Q1	9,374.32	16,693.83	35.96	64.04
Q2	9,124.61	18,144.49	33.46	66.54
Q3	8,863.93	19,342.31	31.43	68.57
Q4	9,612.18	20,040.96	32.42	67.58
2022
Q1	10,981.94	18,718.49	36.98	63.02
Q2	10,453.66	19,773.93	34.58	65.42
Q3	10,222.78	20,039.26	33.78	66.22
Q4	10,608.58	21,106.81	33.45	66.55
2023
Q1	12,343.72	20,750.22	37.30	62.70
Q2	11,636.55	21,348.38	35.28	64.72
Q3	11,092.20	21,349.62	34.19	65.81
Q4	11,509.83	22,213.52	34.13	65.87
¹Compensation of employees is defined as the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an employer to an employee in return for work done. Compensation of employees is made up of the following components: (a) wages and salaries and (b) employers’ social contributions.

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Quarterly National Accounts Quarter 4 2023

Compensation of Employees

Compensation of Employees

Compensation of Employees decreased by 0.6% in Q4 2023

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