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| Table 1.1 Seasonally Adjusted Gross Household Saving by Component (€million) | |||
| Total Disposable Income (B.6g + D.8) | Final Consumption Expenditure (P.3) | Gross Saving Ratio | |
| 2024Q4 | 45,431 | 39,391 | 13.29% |
| 2025Q1 | 45,778 | 39,632 | 13.42% |
The seasonally adjusted household saving rate in the first quarter of 2025 was 13.4%. This was largely unchanged on the previous quarter and in line with the average since 2023. As Table 1.1 above shows, both income and expenditure rose, and Total Disposable Income (TDI) grew by more than Final Consumption Expenditure.
Households used their savings to add to their wealth in the form of real assets (mainly new homes) and financial assets (such as bank deposits). Unadjusted, saving (B.8g) was €6.4bn in the quarter and capital spending (P.5) was €3.5bn. Households also increased their assets in pension funds (D.8) by €1.0bn. Figures from the Central Bank of Ireland show that households' net deposits into banks in Ireland rose by €3.0bn over Q1 2025. Loan liabilities of households to banks (mainly mortgages for house purchase) were up €0.7bn in the three months, meaning households borrowed more than they repaid. Households' financial assets also include other items such as life assurance funds and shares. Full accounts of assets and liabilities in financial instruments will be published by the Central Bank.
The accounts have been revised since the Household Saving release in June 2025. The revisions incorporate new data from the main Quarterly National Accounts released on 08 July 2025. These include upward revisions to household Final Consumption Expenditure (P.3), which lowers saving and hence the saving rate.
The seasonally adjusted data series which includes Gross Disposable Income, Personal Consumption of Goods and Services and Gross Saving of the Household including Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISH) is available on PxStat. Only the most significant transactions are shown in the table for each sector in this release: the entire unadjusted series for all variables published in this release are also available at the same link. Price-adjusted Total Disposable Income and Final Consumption Expenditure of Households are shown in PxStat ISQ04. See Background Notes for definitions of the terms used.
| Saving ratio | |
| 2022Q1 | 16.35% |
| 2022Q2 | 16.12% |
| 2022Q3 | 15.13% |
| 2022Q4 | 12.86% |
| 2023Q1 | 13.17% |
| 2023Q2 | 11.46% |
| 2023Q3 | 12.11% |
| 2023Q4 | 10.64% |
| 2024Q1 | 14.79% |
| 2024Q2 | 12.18% |
| 2024Q3 | 13.95% |
| 2024Q4 | 13.29% |
| 2025Q1 | 13.42% |
The largest component of household income is Compensation of Employees (CoE): this made up €41bn of the €46bn TDI in the quarter. At current prices seasonally adjusted COE was €1.3bn higher (+3.3%) compared with 2024 Q4. There was a rise in the number employed and employed people had higher average earnings in the quarter. Figure 1.2 illustrates the differences in CoE by economic sector in the quarter compared to Q4 2024 after adjusting for seasonal factors. The biggest growth was in Public Administration (+€331m or +3.0%) and the Professional, Scientific and Technical sector (+€309m or +5.3%). Changes were smaller in other sectors but all showed an increase in the quarter.
| sector | Change (Seasonally Adjusted) since Q4-2024 €m |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing | 0.286128744004031 |
| Industry (excl. Construction) | 126.01955366249 |
| Construction | 18.39162740389 |
| Distribution, Transport, Hotels and Restaurants | 123.543304504669 |
| Information and Communication | 156.779607 |
| Financial and Insurance Activities | 218.5675586192 |
| Real Estate Activities | 10.249889 |
| Professional, Admin and Support Services | 308.993521 |
| Public Admin, Education and Health | 330.658731302301 |
| Arts, Entertainment and Other Services | 1.29414622557806 |
Get the Data: Compensation of Employees by Economic Activity
Comparing the equivalent quarter of 2024, before price or seasonal adjustment, higher take-home pay meant higher taxes (D.5) and PRSI (D.61) paid by households (see Table 1.2 below). Households also received more in social protection and pension payments (D.62). The net miscellaneous transfers (D.7) were significantly higher in 2024 Q1, reflecting the recording of a household electricity credit in that period.
Gross Disposable Income (B.6G) of households was €45bn in Q1 2025 before price and seasonal adjustment (that is, nominal unadjusted). This was an increase of €2bn (4%) on Q1 2024. TDI, which also includes the adjustment for the change in pension entitlements (D.8), was €46bn in Q1 2025. After accounting for inflation and seasonal factors, household TDI in real terms grew by 1% in the twelve months and was down 1% compared to 2024 Q4 (see Pxstat table ISQ04). Figure 1.3 shows TDI before and after adjustments for the quarter.
| TDI Current Price Unadjusted | TDI Current Price Seasonally Adjusted | TDI Constant Price Seasonally Adjusted | |
| 2020Q1 | 32.97832 | 33.57088 | 35.79512 |
| 2020Q2 | 32.61717 | 31.65198 | 35.3257 |
| 2020Q3 | 31.65479 | 31.15599 | 34.22349 |
| 2020Q4 | 31.32021 | 32.23177 | 35.68434 |
| 2021Q1 | 32.23354 | 32.83837 | 35.12521 |
| 2021Q2 | 34.90151 | 33.90027 | 36.59952 |
| 2021Q3 | 35.73852 | 35.11222 | 37.54751 |
| 2021Q4 | 34.24823 | 35.3464 | 37.00922 |
| 2022Q1 | 35.12854 | 35.65156 | 35.90636 |
| 2022Q2 | 38.0352 | 37.05096 | 37.0881 |
| 2022Q3 | 38.69101 | 37.99175 | 37.66474 |
| 2022Q4 | 37.0289 | 38.30146 | 37.06539 |
| 2023Q1 | 39.43539 | 39.74462 | 37.55334 |
| 2023Q2 | 41.3053 | 40.4358 | 37.14683 |
| 2023Q3 | 41.70677 | 41.02557 | 36.71597 |
| 2023Q4 | 40.38837 | 41.68113 | 37.18205 |
| 2024Q1 | 44.03388 | 44.18857 | 39.17255 |
| 2024Q2 | 44.61161 | 43.86216 | 38.32411 |
| 2024Q3 | 45.39673 | 44.74948 | 38.83962 |
| 2024Q4 | 44.17483 | 45.43057 | 39.77203 |
| 2025Q1 | 45.70694 | 45.77774 | 39.60617 |
In Q1 2025 households' spending on goods and services was €39bn before price or seasonal adjustments. Household consumption is normally lower in the January-March period (Q1) than in October-December (Q4), and in the first quarter of this year it was down 5% unadjusted on the last quarter of 2024. However, once seasonal factors are taken into account, final consumption of households was up slightly (+1%) in the first quarter of 2025. When the effect of prices changes is also removed, the volume of consumption was unchanged in the quarter (+0%). In the consumer-facing sectors of the Services Index the volume of Accommodation services was up 1%, while Food Service was down 3%. The Retail Sales Index seasonally adjusted volume of sales in Bars was down 7% but up overall (+1%). The figures are seasonally adjusted and price adjusted, so the fall in consumption in bars and restaurants is in addition to the usual fall-off after Christmas.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) shows that prices for consumer goods and services at the end of the quarter (March 2025) were up 2.0% when compared with a year earlier (March 2024). The most significant increases in the 12 months to March 2025 were seen in Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco (+4.2%) and Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (+3.3%). The annual change in Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco costs reflects higher prices for tobacco products and alcoholic drinks sold in supermarkets and off-licences. Clothing & Footwear (-1.9%) and Furnishings, Household Equipment & Routine Household Maintenance (-0.8%) were the only divisions to show a decrease when compared with March 2024.
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