General government revenue continued its upward trend in 2023 however the pace of revenue growth was much lower than the €16 billion in both 2022 and 2021. Increases in taxes, social contributions and interest boosted receipts to €123.5 billion, 6.5% more than 2022.
Direct taxes, at just under €60 billion, accounted for €3.1 billion of this increase, which includes a €1.0 billion (4.5%) rise in corporation tax for 2023. The €23.7 billion corporation tax revenue for 2023 remained strong, with income from this source almost doubling since 2020. Income tax grew by €1.9 billion (6.1%) to €33.2 billion.
Indirect taxes, which includes VAT, grew by €1.6 billion (5.1%) in 2023. Social contributions, mainly Pay Related Social Insurance (PRSI), were €21.3 billion in the year, an increase of €1.3 billion (6.3%).
Investment income increased by €1.2 billion on 2022 levels, mainly due to an increase in interest relating to a combination of improved interest rates and increased holding of assets.
Expenditure also rose in 2023, up €8.6 billion (8.0%) on 2022. This increase outpaced the 6.5% increase in revenue in 2023, accounting for the lower surplus for the year, in comparison with 2022.
The continued effect of inflationary pressures can be witnessed in the increased expenditure of €1.9 billion (11.2%) on use of goods and services and social benefits in cash, which was €1.2 billion (4.2%) higher. Pay increases contributed to a rise in compensation of employees of €2.6 billion (8.9%) while there was further investment of €1.3 billion (12.8%) in spending on gross fixed capital formation. Social benefits in kind, which includes an increase in expenditure on Ukrainian accommodation costs, rose by €1.4 billion (15.9%) in the year.
Total Revenue | Total Expenditure | |
2018 | 24.9 | 24.8 |
2019 | 24.3 | 23.9 |
2020 | 21.8 | 26.7 |
2021 | 22.2 | 23.6 |
2022 | 22.2 | 20.6 |
2023 | 24.2 | 22.7 |
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