Fossil Fuel Subsidies 2023
Effective carbon rate on:
Petrol €225 per tonne of CO2 emitted
Up €5 on 2022
Effective carbon rate on:
Road diesel €170 per tonne of CO2 emitted
Due to a lower excise tax rate than petrol
Effective carbon rate on:
Marked gas oil used in agriculture and fishing €59 per tonne of CO2 emitted
Due to a lower excise tax rate than petrol
Total fossil fuel subsidies:
€4.9 billion in 2023
€4.7 billion in 2022
Temporary energy support measures:
€1.6 billion in 2023
€1.1 billion in 2022
The excise exemption for jet kerosene resulted in revenue forgone of
€606 million in 2023
€553 million in 2022
