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Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2024 (Final) Q1 2025 (Preliminary Estimates)

Average weekly earnings up 5.6% to €1,026.20 in the 12 months to Q1 2025

Online ISSN: 2009-5023

CSO statistical release, 27 May 2025, 11am

Key Findings

Average weekly earnings were €1,026.20 in Quarter 1 (Q1) 2025, up 5.6% from €972.20 in Q1 2024 and surpassing €1,000 for the first time since the series began in 2008.
Average hourly earnings rose by 5.9% to €31.72 in Q1 2025, from €29.96 in Q1 2024.
Average weekly paid hours were 32.4 in Q1 2025, down 0.3% from the Q1 2024 hours of 32.5.
The job vacancy rate at the end of Q1 2025 was 1.3%, slightly higher than the 1.2% recorded at both the end of Q1 2024 and Q4 2024.
Average hourly other labour costs grew by 7.3% to €5.47 in Q1 2025, from €5.10 in Q1 2024.
The highest averages for hourly total labour costs in Q1 2025 were €63.75 in Information & Communication, and €55.67 in Financial & Real Estate.
The Public Administration & Defence sector had the highest job vacancy rate at 4.0% in Q1 2025, followed by 2.3% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (27 May 2025) published Earnings and Labour costs results with Preliminary estimates for Quarter 1 (Q1) 2025 and Final estimates for Q4 2024.

Commenting on the release, Louise Egan, Statistician in the Earnings Analysis Division, said: “Average earnings in the economy continue to increase year-on-year, surpassing €1,000 for the first time in the series. This is driven by a number of factors, including a stable job vacancy rate for the past 18 months, as well as annual employment growth of 3.3% as reported in the latest CSO Labour Force Survey. Preliminary estimates for January, February, and March (Q1) 2025 show average weekly earnings were €1,026.20, up 5.6% compared with €972.20 in Q1 2024.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings rose across 12 out of 13 sectors in the year to Q1 2025. The largest annual percentage increase in average weekly earnings in Q1 2025 was 8.0% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities sector, followed by an increase of 7.9% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 5.9% to €31.72, increasing in all 13 economic sectors, while average weekly paid hours decreased by 0.3% from 32.5 in Q1 2024 to 32.4 in Q1 2025. Over the five years from Q1 2020 to Q1 2025, average hourly earnings went up by 28.1% from €24.76 to €31.72.

Labour Costs

Average hourly other labour costs rose by 7.3% across all economic sectors to €5.47 in Q1 2025 from €5.10 in Q1 2024, while average hourly total labour costs grew by 6.1% in the same period.

The sector with the highest average hourly total labour costs in Q1 2025 was Information & Communication at €63.75. The lowest average total labour costs were in the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, which recorded a rate of €19.47.

Job Vacancy Rate

The job vacancy rate in Q1 2025, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was 1.3%, which was up from 1.2% at both the end of Q4 2024, and the end of Q1 2024."

Preliminary Estimates Q1 2025

Headline Table: Earnings, Hours and Labour Costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
	Average Weekly Earnings	Average Hourly Earnings	Average Hourly Total Labour Costs	Average Weekly Paid Hours
	€	€	€	Hours
	Unadjusted
Q1 2024	972.20	29.96	35.06	32.5
Q1 2025	1,026.20	31.72	37.19	32.4
Annual % change	5.6	5.9	6.1	-0.3
	Seasonally Adjusted
Q4 2024	986.36	30.34	35.74	32.5
Q1 2025	1,003.16	30.93	36.34	32.5
Quarterly % change	1.7	1.9	1.7	0.0

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2025 HLT (XLS 11KB)

Editor's Note

While there is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the public/private sector wage gap, the CSO has published analysis of the differential using a matched Labour Force Survey and PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) dataset for 2019-2022. This analysis took account of compositional differences between the public and private sector, such as occupational mix, sectors of activity, gender balance, union membership, etc. The public sector pay gap in 2022 was estimated to range from -6.6% to +0.9% depending on the specification applied and the treatment of the additional superannuation contribution.

For the most recent analysis, see Econometric Analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential 2022. For previous analysis see Public-Private Sector Pay Differential.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings were €1,026.20 in Q1 2025, an increase of 5.6% when compared with €972.20 from one year earlier, according to preliminary estimates of the Earnings and Labour Costs quarterly release.

The largest annual percentage increase in Q1 2025 in average weekly earnings was 8.0% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities sector, rising from €641.04 to €692.42. The second largest increase was 7.9% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector which rose from €1,157.39 to €1,249.07 over the year.

In the five years to Q1 2025, average weekly earnings rose by 28.3%. All sectors saw increases in average weekly earnings over this period.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 5.9% to €31.72 in Q1 2025, while average weekly paid hours decreased slightly from 32.5 in Q1 2024 to 32.4 in Q1 2025. Over the five years from Q1 2020 to Q1 2025, average hourly earnings rose by 28.1% from €24.76 to €31.72, while average paid hours have increased slightly from 32.3 to 32.4 hours.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	38.9552317720725
Professional & technical	29.3769744678647
Industry	28.8837696335078
All sectors	28.2814140707035
Arts & entertainment	27.5268896419625
Health & social	25.4277286135693
Financial & real estate	22.2611004803374
Public admin & defence	22.0594767123571
Admin & support service	21.6874591668481
Education	21.1327818089384
Accommodation & food	21.1119751166408
Wholesale & retail	19.4653407806799
Construction	19.3042602670758
Transportation	10.8259823576584

	Q1 2024	Q1 2025
Industry	30.92	32.59
Construction	26.35	27.86
Wholesale & retail	23.41	24.31
Transportation	23.67	25.75
Accommodation & food	16.97	17.49
Information & communication	47.09	49.38
Financial & real estate	43.64	44.53
Professional & technical	33.53	35.66
Admin & support service	24.21	25.36
Public admin & defence	31.13	32.69
Education	41.03	42.77
Health & social	27.83	29.45
Arts & entertainment	22.8	24.25
All sectors	29.96	31.72

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q118	23.4	22.81
Q218	22.94	22.95
Q318	22.62	23.16
Q418	23.31	23.38
Q119	24.05	23.41
Q219	23.69	23.69
Q319	23.54	24.14
Q419	24.23	24.31
Q120	24.76	24.07
Q220	25.38	25.36
Q320	24.38	25.02
Q420	25.57	25.67
Q121	26.84	26.11
Q221	26.08	26.04
Q321	25.31	26
Q421	26.29	26.4
Q122	27.46	26.7
Q222	26.76	26.71
Q322	26.23	26.93
Q422	27.9	28.02
Q123	28.55	27.76
Q223	28.19	28.12
Q323	27.84	28.55
Q423	28.44	28.57
Q124	29.96	29.16
Q224	29.75	29.67
Q324	29.23	29.94
Q424	30.18	30.34
Q125	31.72	30.93

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q118	31.8	32.3
Q218	32.5	32.4
Q318	32.8	32.5
Q418	32.4	32.4
Q119	32.1	32.4
Q219	32.6	32.5
Q319	32.7	32.6
Q419	32.4	32.4
Q120	32.3	32.4
Q220	32.2	32.2
Q320	32.6	32.5
Q420	33.1	32.7
Q121	32.1	32.7
Q221	32.6	32.6
Q321	33.1	32.6
Q421	32.9	32.7
Q122	32.3	32.7
Q222	32.6	32.7
Q322	33.1	32.8
Q422	32.4	32.4
Q123	32.4	32.5
Q223	32.4	32.4
Q323	32.6	32.5
Q423	32.6	32.5
Q124	32.5	32.5
Q224	32.4	32.5
Q324	32.7	32.5
Q424	32.5	32.5
Q125	32.4	32.5

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	955.00	989.25	1,023.01	1,098.98	1,174.85	1,122.03	1,230.84	108.81	9.7	55.99	4.8
F	Construction	834.22	808.61	877.24	886.66	967.15	1,019.98	995.26	-24.72	-2.4	28.11	2.9
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	619.46	622.72	654.39	663.65	695.98	718.43	740.04	21.61	3.0	44.06	6.3
H	Transportation and storage	823.02	756.57	820.92	849.84	861.57	932.36	912.12	-20.24	-2.2	50.55	5.9
I	Accommodation and food services	360.08	388.92	391.46	424.93	441.28	448.20	436.10	-12.10	-2.7	-5.18	-1.2
J	Information and communication	1,323.93	1,428.60	1,510.01	1,652.72	1,768.86	1,673.03	1,839.67	166.64	10.0	70.81	4.0
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,280.35	1,346.86	1,381.68	1,496.52	1,522.88	1,339.25	1,565.37	226.12	16.9	42.49	2.8
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	965.45	1,006.31	1,096.60	1,091.30	1,157.39	1,192.45	1,249.07	56.62	4.7	91.68	7.9
N	Administrative and support services	642.86	698.16	736.88	734.38	770.52	773.47	782.28	8.81	1.1	11.76	1.5
O	Public administration and defence	968.11	1,006.33	993.83	1,086.49	1,129.02	1,159.78	1,181.67	21.89	1.9	52.65	4.7
P	Education	865.48	932.40	930.66	976.70	999.53	1,057.28	1,048.38	-8.90	-0.8	48.85	4.9
Q	Human health and social work	762.75	781.29	813.52	853.93	901.55	934.51	956.70	22.19	2.4	55.15	6.1
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	542.96	603.81	621.89	595.67	641.04	648.80	692.42	43.62	6.7	51.38	8.0
All Sectors		799.96	860.45	887.17	926.05	972.20	981.45	1,026.20	44.75	4.6	54.00	5.6
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		745.42	803.21	843.03	872.52	918.41	916.20	963.68	47.48	5.2	45.27	4.9
Public sector²		989.94	1,038.28	1,026.29	1,106.80	1,150.91	1,186.72	1,224.44	37.72	3.2	73.53	6.4
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		623.28	658.89	696.30	716.16	758.96	800.32	801.22	0.90	0.1	42.26	5.6
50-250 employees		755.69	815.36	827.92	854.42	900.42	898.82	913.25	14.43	1.6	12.83	1.4
Greater than 250 employees		940.84	999.79	1,010.36	1,077.60	1,119.22	1,108.84	1,180.85	72.01	6.5	61.63	5.5
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8a.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2025 Table 1 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	25.09	26.58	27.45	29.00	30.92	29.49	32.59	3.10	10.5	1.67	5.4
F	Construction	22.17	23.99	23.68	24.47	26.35	28.29	27.86	-0.43	-1.5	1.51	5.7
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	19.93	20.61	21.70	22.29	23.41	23.74	24.31	0.57	2.4	0.90	3.8
H	Transportation and storage	22.39	21.79	23.20	23.58	23.67	25.78	25.75	-0.03	-0.1	2.08	8.8
I	Accommodation and food services	13.79	16.11	15.17	15.78	16.97	16.95	17.49	0.54	3.2	0.52	3.1
J	Information and communication	35.81	39.13	40.92	44.20	47.09	44.96	49.38	4.42	9.8	2.29	4.9
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	37.06	39.22	40.06	42.85	43.64	38.49	44.53	6.04	15.7	0.89	2.0
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	28.37	29.59	31.68	31.77	33.53	34.21	35.66	1.45	4.2	2.13	6.4
N	Administrative and support services	20.50	22.38	23.53	23.18	24.21	24.60	25.36	0.76	3.1	1.15	4.8
O	Public administration and defence	26.54	27.72	28.53	30.21	31.13	32.31	32.69	0.38	1.2	1.56	5.0
P	Education	36.47	37.64	38.99	39.79	41.03	43.38	42.77	-0.61	-1.4	1.74	4.2
Q	Human health and social work	24.15	24.57	24.85	26.71	27.83	29.05	29.45	0.40	1.4	1.62	5.8
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	19.51	20.95	21.76	21.69	22.80	22.79	24.25	1.46	6.4	1.45	6.4
All Sectors		24.76	26.84	27.46	28.55	29.96	30.18	31.72	1.54	5.1	1.76	5.9
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		23.07	25.22	26.07	26.98	28.33	28.03	29.86	1.83	6.5	1.53	5.4
Public sector²		30.65	31.75	31.87	33.77	35.33	37.09	37.53	0.44	1.2	2.20	6.2
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.97	21.62	22.45	23.59	24.70	25.75	26.16	0.41	1.6	1.46	5.9
50-250 employees		23.33	25.43	25.65	26.19	27.83	27.40	28.57	1.17	4.3	0.74	2.7
Greater than 250 employees		28.47	30.27	30.61	32.06	33.44	33.40	35.39	1.99	6.0	1.95	5.8
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average hourly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8b.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2025 Table 2 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	%	hours	%
B-E	Industry	38.1	37.2	37.3	37.9	38.0	38.0	37.8	-0.2	-0.5	-0.2	-0.5
F	Construction	37.6	33.7	37.1	36.2	36.7	36.1	35.7	-0.4	-1.1	-1.0	-2.7
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	31.1	30.2	30.2	29.8	29.7	30.3	30.4	0.1	0.3	0.7	2.4
H	Transportation and storage	36.8	34.7	35.4	36.0	36.4	36.2	35.4	-0.8	-2.2	-1.0	-2.7
I	Accommodation and food services	26.1	24.1	25.8	26.9	26.0	26.4	24.9	-1.5	-5.7	-1.1	-4.2
J	Information and communication	37.0	36.5	36.9	37.4	37.6	37.2	37.3	0.1	0.3	-0.3	-0.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	34.5	34.3	34.5	34.9	34.9	34.8	35.2	0.4	1.1	0.3	0.9
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	34.0	34.0	34.6	34.4	34.5	34.9	35.0	0.1	0.3	0.5	1.4
N	Administrative and support services	31.4	31.2	31.3	31.7	31.8	31.4	30.8	-0.6	-1.9	-1.0	-3.1
O	Public administration and defence	36.5	36.3	34.8	36.0	36.3	35.9	36.2	0.3	0.8	-0.1	-0.3
P	Education	23.7	24.8	23.9	24.5	24.4	24.4	24.5	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.4
Q	Human health and social work	31.6	31.8	32.7	32.0	32.4	32.2	32.5	0.3	0.9	0.1	0.3
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	27.8	28.8	28.6	27.5	28.1	28.5	28.6	0.1	0.4	0.5	1.8
All Sectors		32.3	32.1	32.3	32.4	32.5	32.5	32.4	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.3
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		32.3	31.8	32.3	32.3	32.4	32.7	32.3	-0.4	-1.2	-0.1	-0.3
Public sector²		32.3	32.7	32.2	32.8	32.6	32.0	32.6	0.6	1.9	-	-
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		31.2	30.5	31.0	30.4	30.7	31.1	30.6	-0.5	-1.6	-0.1	-0.3
50-250 employees		32.4	32.1	32.3	32.6	32.4	32.8	32.0	-0.8	-2.4	-0.4	-1.2
Greater than 250 employees		33.0	33.0	33.0	33.6	33.5	33.2	33.4	0.2	0.6	-0.1	-0.3
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
²Average weekly paid hours by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8c.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2025 Table 3 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by quarter

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by other characteristics and quarter
	Unadjusted Series					Seasonally Adjusted Series
Quarter	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs
	€	hours	€	€	€	€	hours	€	€	€
Q1 2008	704.60	32.7	21.56	3.51	25.07	707.19	32.8	21.35	3.52	24.81
Q2 2008	705.28	32.8	21.50	3.40	24.90	708.64	32.8	21.55	3.40	24.98
Q3 2008	696.11	32.8	21.20	3.41	24.61	701.70	32.7	21.57	3.50	25.07
Q4 2008	721.89	32.5	22.24	3.60	25.84	710.30	32.6	22.03	3.50	25.55
Q1 2009	709.55	31.6	22.44	3.59	26.03	712.38	31.9	22.23	3.59	25.77
Q2 2009	700.75	31.9	22.00	3.64	25.64	704.15	31.9	22.06	3.65	25.72
Q3 2009	698.47	31.9	21.88	3.49	25.37	702.93	31.8	22.24	3.58	25.82
Q4 2009	721.28	32.1	22.50	3.66	26.16	711.14	31.7	22.31	3.56	25.89
Q1 2010	689.32	31.0	22.21	3.36	25.58	691.94	31.7	21.98	3.36	25.31
Q2 2010	696.90	31.6	22.03	3.30	25.33	700.05	31.6	22.07	3.31	25.41
Q3 2010	700.23	32.2	21.78	3.14	24.91	703.20	31.7	22.13	3.24	25.36
Q4 2010	704.11	31.8	22.14	3.27	25.41	696.68	31.5	21.99	3.16	25.17
Q1 2011	684.87	30.9	22.18	3.13	25.31	686.57	31.4	21.93	3.13	25.03
Q2 2011	687.49	31.4	21.90	3.14	25.04	689.41	31.4	21.93	3.15	25.11
Q3 2011	686.59	31.8	21.57	3.08	24.65	689.32	31.5	21.92	3.18	25.11
Q4 2011	696.84	31.6	22.06	3.29	25.35	692.53	31.6	21.96	3.18	25.14
Q1 2012	698.71	31.4	22.25	3.25	25.50	698.19	31.6	21.96	3.24	25.19
Q2 2012	691.62	31.5	21.96	3.28	25.24	692.30	31.5	21.98	3.30	25.29
Q3 2012	692.13	31.7	21.82	3.31	25.12	696.15	31.5	22.18	3.41	25.60
Q4 2012	691.84	31.6	21.90	3.59	25.49	689.44	31.5	21.85	3.49	25.31
Q1 2013	693.21	31.2	22.24	3.46	25.70	690.60	31.6	21.89	3.45	25.34
Q2 2013	695.65	31.6	22.02	3.32	25.34	694.84	31.6	22.03	3.34	25.38
Q3 2013	682.79	31.7	21.53	3.23	24.77	689.55	31.6	21.91	3.33	25.27
Q4 2013	694.03	31.7	21.89	3.73	25.62	691.81	31.6	21.88	3.63	25.47
Q1 2014	699.67	31.3	22.37	3.41	25.78	695.06	31.7	21.97	3.39	25.37
Q2 2014	694.08	31.8	21.81	3.38	25.19	693.31	31.8	21.82	3.39	25.23
Q3 2014	676.58	31.9	21.20	3.27	24.47	685.13	31.8	21.61	3.36	24.99
Q4 2014	702.07	31.8	22.05	3.51	25.56	699.22	31.8	22.06	3.42	25.44
Q1 2015	701.11	31.4	22.30	3.46	25.76	695.55	31.8	21.84	3.45	25.30
Q2 2015	699.22	32.0	21.86	3.45	25.31	698.81	32.0	21.88	3.46	25.35
Q3 2015	692.79	32.2	21.50	3.35	24.84	702.12	32.1	21.94	3.44	25.38
Q4 2015	711.23	32.5	21.91	3.46	25.37	708.12	32.0	21.93	3.38	25.27
Q1 2016	714.26	31.7	22.55	3.51	26.06	707.83	32.0	22.05	3.50	25.56
Q2 2016	706.33	32.1	21.97	3.48	25.45	706.77	32.0	21.99	3.48	25.50
Q3 2016	702.97	32.6	21.56	3.47	25.04	711.80	32.2	22.03	3.56	25.60
Q4 2016	717.52	32.4	22.18	3.58	25.76	715.22	32.4	22.21	3.51	25.69
Q1 2017	725.12	32.0	22.69	3.53	26.22	718.02	32.4	22.15	3.52	25.67
Q2 2017	720.52	32.4	22.27	3.59	25.86	720.81	32.3	22.29	3.58	25.91
Q3 2017	717.55	32.4	22.16	3.50	25.65	726.26	32.3	22.66	3.59	26.23
Q4 2017	731.86	32.4	22.60	3.70	26.31	730.97	32.3	22.64	3.64	26.27
Q1 2018	744.56	31.8	23.40	3.65	27.05	736.36	32.3	22.81	3.64	26.45
Q2 2018	745.03	32.5	22.94	3.63	26.56	744.45	32.4	22.95	3.60	26.59
Q3 2018	742.71	32.8	22.62	3.50	26.12	752.40	32.5	23.16	3.60	26.74
Q4 2018	755.99	32.4	23.31	3.66	26.97	756.46	32.4	23.38	3.60	26.96
Q1 2019	771.43	32.1	24.05	3.69	27.74	761.39	32.4	23.41	3.68	27.09
Q2 2019	771.39	32.6	23.69	3.81	27.50	769.83	32.5	23.69	3.77	27.50
Q3 2019	769.09	32.7	23.54	3.77	27.31	781.04	32.6	24.14	3.88	27.99
Q4 2019	786.36	32.4	24.23	3.96	28.20	787.39	32.4	24.31	3.90	28.22
Q1 2020	799.96	32.3	24.76	3.86	28.61	787.43	32.4	24.07	3.85	27.90
Q2 2020	817.34	32.2	25.38	2.29	27.67	815.49	32.2	25.36	2.24	27.63
Q3 2020	795.04	32.6	24.38	2.69	27.08	809.90	32.5	25.02	2.82	27.82
Q4 2020	847.54	33.1	25.57	2.52	28.09	848.10	32.7	25.67	2.46	28.15
Q1 2021	860.45	32.1	26.84	2.68	29.52	845.35	32.7	26.11	2.66	28.76
Q2 2021	851.14	32.6	26.08	3.83	29.91	850.21	32.6	26.04	2.86	28.91
Q3 2021	838.47	33.1	25.31	3.53	28.84	855.41	32.6	26.00	2.72	28.69
Q4 2021	864.63	32.9	26.29	4.21	30.51	865.11	32.7	26.40	3.24	29.70
Q1 2022	887.17	32.3	27.46	4.23	31.69	869.42	32.7	26.70	3.60	30.27
Q2 2022	873.32	32.6	26.76	4.37	31.12	872.99	32.7	26.71	4.16	30.83
Q3 2022	869.17	33.1	26.23	4.13	30.36	886.34	32.8	26.93	4.29	31.19
Q4 2022	904.69	32.4	27.9	4.61	32.51	905.04	32.4	28.02	4.55	32.64
Q1 2023	926.05	32.4	28.55	4.60	33.15	905.89	32.5	27.76	4.58	32.31
Q2 2023	912.12	32.4	28.19	4.74	32.94	912.17	32.4	28.12	4.66	32.73
Q3 2023	907.10	32.6	27.84	4.66	32.5	924.03	32.5	28.55	4.82	33.35
Q4 2023	927.98	32.6	28.44	5.02	33.47	930.77	32.5	28.57	4.96	33.63
Q1 2024	972.20	32.5	29.96	5.10	35.06	950.12	32.5	29.16	5.08	34.19
Q2 2024	964.54	32.4	29.75	5.39	35.14	964.80	32.5	29.67	5.30	34.91
Q3 2024	956.56	32.7	29.23	5.07	34.29	974.23	32.5	29.94	5.24	35.18
Q4 2024	981.45	32.5	30.18	5.36	35.54	986.36	32.5	30.34	5.30	35.74
Q1 2025¹	1,026.20	32.4	31.72	5.47	37.19	1,003.16	32.5	30.93	5.45	36.34
¹Preliminary Estimates

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Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	22.48	23.45	24.06	25.05	26.41	27.64	27.77	0.13	0.5	1.36	5.1
F	Construction	21.89	23.52	23.35	23.97	25.95	27.44	27.25	-0.19	-0.7	1.30	5.0
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	18.46	18.95	19.61	20.51	21.52	22.26	22.46	0.20	0.9	0.94	4.4
H	Transportation and storage	21.48	20.74	22.19	22.40	22.73	24.30	24.65	0.35	1.4	1.92	8.4
I	Accommodation and food services	13.41	15.78	14.78	15.31	16.41	16.52	16.82	0.30	1.8	0.41	2.5
J	Information and communication	28.75	30.46	32.35	35.15	37.14	37.88	38.40	0.52	1.4	1.26	3.4
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	30.69	32.32	32.35	34.45	35.60	36.31	36.50	0.19	0.5	0.90	2.5
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	26.68	27.15	29.06	29.55	30.55	31.69	31.58	-0.11	-0.3	1.03	3.4
N	Administrative and support services	18.13	19.62	19.95	20.56	21.78	22.82	23.34	0.52	2.3	1.56	7.2
O	Public administration and defence	25.36	26.46	27.24	28.77	29.80	31.05	31.28	0.23	0.7	1.48	5.0
P	Education	36.24	37.45	38.72	39.48	40.76	42.85	42.48	-0.37	-0.9	1.72	4.2
Q	Human health and social work	22.80	23.72	23.98	25.42	26.83	27.95	28.55	0.60	2.1	1.72	6.4
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	18.39	19.47	20.05	20.64	20.97	22.00	22.21	0.21	1.0	1.24	5.9
All Sectors		22.87	24.60	25.02	26.00	27.32	28.48	28.86	0.38	1.3	1.54	5.6
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		21.03	22.59	23.20	24.13	25.30	26.19	26.54	0.35	1.3	1.24	4.9
Public sector³		29.28	30.66	30.78	32.22	34.00	35.81	36.16	0.35	1.0	2.16	6.4
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.15	20.59	21.10	22.26	23.43	24.57	24.77	0.20	0.8	1.34	5.7
50-250 employees		21.30	22.93	23.11	23.89	25.14	25.82	25.83	0.01	0.0	0.69	2.7
Greater than 250 employees		25.91	27.41	27.65	28.76	30.12	31.39	31.82	0.43	1.4	1.70	5.6
¹ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings plus the average hourly irregular earnings in Table 5b equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	2.61	3.13	3.38	3.95	4.51	1.85	4.82	2.97	0.31
F	Construction	0.28	0.47	0.32	0.51	0.40	0.85	0.60	-0.25	0.20
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	1.47	1.66	2.09	1.78	1.89	1.48	1.85	0.37	-0.04
H	Transportation and storage	0.91	1.05	1.01	1.19	0.94	1.48	1.10	-0.38	0.16
I	Accommodation and food services	0.38	0.33	0.39	0.47	0.56	0.43	0.67	0.24	0.11
J	Information and communication	7.06	8.66	8.56	9.04	9.95	7.08	10.98	3.90	1.03
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	6.37	6.90	7.71	8.40	8.04	2.18	8.03	5.85	-0.01
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1.68	2.44	2.61	2.22	2.99	2.52	4.08	1.56	1.09
N	Administrative and support services	2.36	2.76	3.58	2.62	2.43	1.78	2.02	0.24	-0.41
O	Public administration and defence	1.18	1.26	1.29	1.44	1.33	1.26	1.41	0.15	0.08
P	Education	0.23	0.19	0.27	0.31	0.26	0.53	0.29	-0.24	0.03
Q	Human health and social work	1.34	0.84	0.86	1.29	1.01	1.10	0.90	-0.20	-0.11
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	1.12	1.48	1.71	1.05	1.83	0.79	2.04	1.25	0.21
All Sectors		1.89	2.25	2.44	2.55	2.64	1.70	2.85	1.15	0.21
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		2.04	2.63	2.87	2.85	3.03	1.84	3.33	1.49	0.30
Public sector³		1.37	1.09	1.08	1.55	1.33	1.27	1.37	0.10	0.04
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.82	1.03	1.35	1.33	1.27	1.19	1.40	0.21	0.13
50-250 employees		2.03	2.50	2.54	2.30	2.69	1.58	2.74	1.16	0.05
Greater than 250 employees		2.56	2.86	2.96	3.30	3.33	2.01	3.57	1.56	0.24
¹ Average hourly irregular earnings plus the average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings in Table 5a equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Total Labour Costs

Average hourly total labour costs were €37.19 across all economic sectors in Q1 2025. Information & Communication had the highest average hourly total labour costs at €63.75, followed by €55.67 in the Financial & Real Estate sector.

The sectors with the lowest cost of employing labour were the Accommodation & Food Services Activities sector at €19.47 and the Wholesale & Retail Trade sector at €28.43.

Average hourly total labour costs increased by 30% over the five years to Q1 2025, from €28.61 per hour to €37.19.

	5 Year % Change
Information & communication	49.402390438247
All sectors	29.9895141558896
Industry	29.8309579052038
Accommodation & food	28.85506287227
Professional & technical	27.5707898658718
Construction	27.2217774219375
Arts & entertainment	26.9163763066202
Admin & support services	24.5762711864407
Public admin & defence	24.339169241332
Wholesale & retail	23.716275021758
Health & social	21.9503151649981
Financial & real estate	21.3911905800262
Education	17.5759071834115
Transportation	13.2402866842701

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.35	0.43	0.40	0.51	0.60	0.58	0.60	0.02	-
F	Construction	0.09	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.24	0.26	0.20	-0.06	-0.04
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.28	0.27	0.29	0.34	0.32	0.63	0.32	-0.31	-
H	Transportation and storage	0.07	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.21	0.12	0.09	-0.03	-0.12
I	Accommodation and food services	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	-	-0.01
J	Information and communication	0.68	1.93	1.95	1.96	4.06	5.84	5.09	-0.75	1.03
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.56	1.04	0.75	0.94	1.05	0.67	1.32	0.65	0.27
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	0.20	0.28	0.24	0.37	0.67	0.72	0.84	0.12	0.17
N	Administrative and support services	0.25	0.56	0.50	0.37	0.46	0.43	0.39	-0.04	-0.07
O	Public administration and defence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-
P	Education	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-
Q	Human health and social work	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	-0.01	-
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.12	0.27	0.16	-0.11	0.04
All Sectors		0.20	0.33	0.31	0.35	0.52	0.63	0.60	-0.03	0.08
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.25	0.43	0.41	0.45	0.67	0.83	0.79	-0.04	0.12
Public sector		0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.15	0.16	0.15	0.21	0.20	0.20	0.19	-0.01	-0.01
50-250 employees		0.27	0.42	0.35	0.34	0.50	0.35	0.48	0.13	-0.02
Greater than 250 employees		0.20	0.40	0.38	0.43	0.69	0.96	0.84	-0.12	0.15
¹Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) are a sub-component of average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a. BIK is considered an income rather than an other labour cost by Eurostat and in Structure of Earnings Statistics.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	30.17	31.35	32.93	34.92	37.38	36.05	39.17	3.12	8.7	1.79	4.8
F	Construction	24.98	23.29	26.98	27.85	29.94	32.54	31.78	-0.76	-2.3	1.84	6.1
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	22.98	21.85	24.96	25.77	27.39	27.89	28.43	0.54	1.9	1.04	3.8
H	Transportation and storage	26.51	22.63	26.83	27.38	27.78	30.13	30.02	-0.11	-0.4	2.24	8.1
I	Accommodation and food services	15.11	8.11	15.53	17.40	18.85	18.83	19.47	0.64	3.4	0.62	3.3
J	Information and communication	42.67	47.81	49.97	54.23	59.93	59.44	63.75	4.31	7.3	3.82	6.4
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	45.86	48.94	49.70	53.23	54.38	48.61	55.67	7.06	14.5	1.29	2.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	33.55	32.71	36.81	37.34	40.03	41.36	42.80	1.44	3.5	2.77	6.9
N	Administrative and support services	23.60	24.47	27.11	26.72	28.00	28.59	29.40	0.81	2.8	1.40	5.0
O	Public administration and defence	29.13	30.36	31.38	33.26	34.32	35.68	36.22	0.54	1.5	1.90	5.5
P	Education	40.51	41.04	43.18	44.42	45.76	48.57	47.63	-0.94	-1.9	1.87	4.1
Q	Human health and social work	26.97	26.64	27.62	29.77	31.09	32.49	32.89	0.40	1.2	1.80	5.8
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	22.96	20.80	25.01	25.34	27.16	26.26	29.14	2.88	11.0	1.98	7.3
All Sectors		28.61	29.52	31.69	33.15	35.06	35.54	37.19	1.65	4.6	2.13	6.1
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		26.99	27.63	30.46	31.78	33.70	33.66	35.67	2.01	6.0	1.97	5.8
Public sector		34.27	35.22	35.60	37.71	39.55	41.58	41.94	0.36	0.9	2.39	6.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		22.72	20.59	25.25	26.82	28.40	29.72	30.14	0.42	1.4	1.74	6.1
50-250 employees		27.19	28.09	29.50	30.54	32.61	32.16	33.62	1.46	4.5	1.01	3.1
Greater than 250 employees		33.06	35.06	35.70	37.49	39.39	39.68	41.69	2.01	5.1	2.30	5.8
¹Average hourly total labour costs equal the average hourly earnings in Table 2 plus the average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Job Vacancies

The job vacancy rate in Q1 2025, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter was 1.3%. It was up from the 1.2% recorded at the end of Q4 2024.

The highest job vacancy rates in Q1 2025 were 4.0% in the Public Administration & Defence sector, followed by 2.3% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

There were 29,700 job vacancies, (rounded to the nearest 100), at the end of Q1 2025, up 2,500 from the end of Q1 2024.

X-axis label	Job Vacancy Rate
Q118	1
Q218	1.2
Q318	1
Q418	0.9
Q119	1.2
Q219	1.1
Q319	0.9
Q419	0.9
Q120	0.8
Q220	0.7
Q320	0.8
Q420	0.9
Q121	1
Q221	1.2
Q321	1.5
Q421	1.4
Q122	1.6
Q222	1.6
Q322	1.6
Q422	1.3
Q123	1.5
Q223	1.3
Q323	1.2
Q423	1.2
Q124	1.2
Q224	1.3
Q324	1.2
Q424	1.2
Q125	1.3

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025
NACE Principal Activity		Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1
B-E	Industry	225,200	232,700	232,900	252,100	259,300	269,600	261,900	270,100	267,700
F	Construction	99,000	106,300	112,900	100,700	128,000	127,000	132,900	136,700	138,400
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	295,600	309,100	311,200	308,200	308,700	342,300	336,500	333,400	330,400
H	Transportation and storage	69,600	83,700	82,400	75,500	91,900	87,700	88,400	96,000	90,400
I	Accommodation and food services	181,000	181,200	176,800	102,300	168,900	175,600	182,300	188,800	192,800
J	Information and communication	69,800	73,900	79,700	89,000	107,300	108,800	109,100	114,800	119,400
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	89,800	95,000	102,300	105,300	120,100	117,300	116,700	124,200	133,000
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	92,000	98,500	106,100	104,000	120,800	123,800	148,300	142,800	141,300
N	Administrative and support services	97,900	108,700	109,000	80,100	101,400	110,700	106,300	94,700	106,400
O	Public administration and defence	125,300	134,400	140,800	152,200	167,000	172,100	175,000	182,700	182,900
P	Education	154,100	168,200	179,000	192,900	198,100	197,400	210,600	221,600	233,700
Q	Human health and social work	236,200	249,400	253,300	255,300	286,500	300,300	306,200	327,000	312,700
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	56,200	53,900	54,600	39,700	47,200	52,100	58,000	55,000	57,000
All Sectors		1,791,800	1,895,000	1,941,100	1,857,300	2,105,000	2,184,800	2,232,300	2,287,800	2,306,000
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1,394,300	1,491,400	1,528,700	1,440,800	1,681,000	1,749,500	1,783,300	1,830,300	1,850,900
Public sector		397,500	403,600	412,400	416,500	424,000	435,300	449,000	457,500	455,100
¹ It should be noted that the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of estimates of employment.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7b Job vacancies by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7c Job vacancy rate by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Public Sector

Average weekly earnings increased by 6.4% across the public sector in the year to Q1 2025, rising from €1,150.91 to €1,224.44.

An Garda Síochána had the highest average weekly earnings and average weekly paid hours in Q1 2025 in the public sector at €1,626.82 and 42.9 hours respectively. The highest average hourly earnings in this period were €48.64 in the Education sector.

FALSE

	Q1 2024	Q1 2025
Civil service	1109.07	1153.22
Defence	1056.59	1128.91
Garda Siochana	1569.22	1626.82
Education	1129.03	1223.07
Regional bodies	973.85	1026.9
Health	1170.28	1240.17
Semi-state	1226.86	1315.51
All public sector	1150.91	1224.44

	Q1 2024	Q1 2025
Civil service	47800	53300
Defence	8000	7900
Garda Siochana	14300	14700
Education	113200	109400
Regional bodies	37500	38500
Health	164900	165500
Semi-state	63300	65700

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8b Average hourly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8c Average weekly paid hours by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8d Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter

Additional Tables

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data¹
		Preliminary Q4 2024			Final Q4 2024			Percentage Change
NACE Principal Activity		Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours
		€	€	hours	€	€	hours	€	€	hours
B-E	Industry	1,119.95	29.34	38.2	1,122.03	29.49	38.0	0.2	0.5	-0.5
F	Construction	990.83	27.73	35.7	1,019.98	28.29	36.1	2.9	2.0	1.1
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	715.66	23.80	30.1	718.43	23.74	30.3	0.4	-0.3	0.7
H	Transportation and storage	928.72	25.67	36.2	932.36	25.78	36.2	0.4	0.4	0.0
I	Accommodation and food services	447.49	16.80	26.6	448.20	16.95	26.4	0.2	0.9	-0.8
J	Information and communication	1,685.13	45.52	37.0	1,673.03	44.96	37.2	-0.7	-1.2	0.5
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,329.30	38.32	34.7	1,339.25	38.49	34.8	0.7	0.4	0.3
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,209.43	35.10	34.5	1,192.45	34.21	34.9	-1.4	-2.5	1.2
N	Administrative and support services	758.68	24.37	31.1	773.47	24.60	31.4	1.9	0.9	1.0
O	Public administration and defence	1,162.45	32.32	36.0	1,159.78	32.31	35.9	-0.2	0.0	-0.3
P	Education	1,055.47	43.49	24.3	1,057.28	43.38	24.4	0.2	-0.3	0.4
Q	Human health and social work	934.85	28.97	32.3	934.51	29.05	32.2	0.0	0.3	-0.3
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	667.33	22.86	29.2	648.80	22.79	28.5	-2.8	-0.3	-2.4
Total		979.71	30.21	32.4	981.45	30.18	32.5	0.2	-0.1	0.3
Public/Private Sector
Private sector		911.64	27.99	32.6	916.20	28.03	32.7	0.5	0.1	0.3
Public sector		1,190.86	37.23	32.0	1,186.72	37.09	32.0	-0.3	-0.4	0.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		785.60	25.51	30.8	800.32	25.75	31.1	1.9	0.9	1.0
50-250 employees		892.97	27.23	32.8	898.82	27.40	32.8	0.7	0.6	0.0
Greater than 250 employees		1,113.39	33.57	33.2	1,108.84	33.40	33.2	-0.4	-0.5	0.0
¹See background notes.

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Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change		Annual change
	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
Civil service	941.69	974.80	904.93	1,053.48	1,109.07	1,128.49	1,153.22	24.73	2.2	44.15	4.0
Defence	902.41	970.61	990.54	1,031.31	1,056.59	1,104.33	1,128.91	24.58	2.2	72.32	6.8
Garda Siochana	1,278.24	1,297.70	1,387.93	1,495.70	1,569.22	1,543.44	1,626.82	83.38	5.4	57.60	3.7
Education	993.57	1,078.10	1,047.13	1,126.43	1,129.03	1,203.17	1,223.07	19.90	1.7	94.04	8.3
Regional bodies	862.90	897.42	888.08	948.50	973.85	1,035.52	1,026.90	-8.62	-0.8	53.05	5.4
Health	978.66	1,007.99	1,018.31	1,089.27	1,170.28	1,188.67	1,240.17	51.50	4.3	69.89	6.0
Semi-state	1,063.73	1,097.29	1,103.57	1,168.49	1,226.86	1,224.55	1,315.51	90.96	7.4	88.65	7.2
Total public sector	989.94	1,038.28	1,026.29	1,106.80	1,150.91	1,186.72	1,224.44	37.72	3.2	73.53	6.4
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	978.49	1,029.56	1,014.78	1,097.64	1,139.65	1,180.78	1,210.74	29.96	2.5	71.09	6.2
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,031.78	1,089.89	1,120.19	1,125.44	1,149.41	1,188.47	1,220.11	31.64	2.7	70.70	6.2
Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,077.01	1,100.90	1,096.33	1,189.39	1,265.64	1,241.59	1,364.15	122.56	9.9	98.51	7.8

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2024	2025	Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Annual change
									%
Civil service	44,400	45,100	43,300	45,400	47,800	52,800	53,300	5,500	11.5
Defence	9,000	9,000	8,800	8,200	8,000	7,900	7,900	-100	-1.3
Garda Siochana	14,600	14,500	14,500	14,300	14,300	14,500	14,700	400	2.8
Education	114,300	111,700	111,800	112,600	113,200	109,600	109,400	-3,800	-3.4
Regional bodies	35,100	34,800	35,100	35,700	37,500	38,200	38,500	1,000	2.7
Health	138,100	144,600	153,900	158,900	164,900	168,500	165,500	600	0.4
Semi-state	56,900	56,800	56,600	60,100	63,300	66,000	65,700	2,400	3.8
Total public sector	412,400	416,500	424,000	435,300	449,000	457,500	455,100	6,100	1.4
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	355,500	359,700	367,400	375,100	385,700	391,500	389,400	3,700	1.0
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	14,900	15,600	17,300	16,400	17,100	18,300	18,300	1,200	7.0
Commercial Semi-state bodies	42,000	41,200	39,300	43,700	46,300	47,700	47,400	1,100	2.4
¹ Source: Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey. Public Sector employment includes all those who received a payment which would include both full-time and part-time employees as well as contract workers. Total public sector numbers are also published by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform on a quarterly basis. Those differ in coverage from the estimates in the above table as Department of Public Expenditure and Reform estimates are based on full-time equivalents which will change over time based on both changes in working hours and number of persons employed.

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories¹
	2022	2023	2024	2024	Quarterly change	Annual change
Occupation by NACE groups	Q4	Q4	Q3	Q4	Quarterly change	Annual change
	€	€	€	€	%	%
Managers, professionals and associated professionals
B-E	1,696.79	1,725.29	1,744.21	1,770.59	1.5	2.6
B-N, R-S	1,569.75	1,612.91	1,651.34	1,675.70	1.5	3.9
O-Q	1,367.40	1,428.54	1,498.19	1,512.80	1.0	5.9
Total (B-S)	1,449.70	1,499.79	1,551.03	1,569.14	1.2	4.6
Clerical, sales and service employees
B-E	972.58	998.22	1,007.32	1,037.93	3.0	4.0
B-N, R-S	641.35	679.71	721.49	724.86	0.5	6.6
O-Q	664.20	692.64	733.12	749.77	2.3	8.2
Total (B-S)	638.09	673.60	717.67	723.16	0.8	7.4
Production, transport, craft and other manual workers
B-E	841.19	882.00	910.87	926.65	1.7	5.1
B-N, R-S	706.18	738.98	807.00	814.43	0.9	10.2
O-Q	586.59	650.12	702.06	709.70	1.1	9.2
Total (B-S)	669.19	707.09	770.66	777.60	0.9	10.0
¹ These estimates have been generated using a sub sample of EHECS respondents therefore caution is advised when interpreting these results. See background notes.

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter¹
		Employer Response Rate %				Respondent Enterprises	Respondent Enterprises	Employee Response Rate %
NACE Principal Activity		Final Q4 2023	Preliminary Q4 2024	Final Q4 2024	Preliminary Q1 2025	Final Q4 2024	Preliminary Q1 2025	Final Q4 2023	Preliminary Q4 2024	Final Q4 2024	Preliminary Q1 2025
B-E	Industry	63.4	51.3	67.3	53.7	682	551	77.4	61.1	79.8	58.7
F	Construction	44.4	31.4	44.3	34.5	148	118	55.9	35.5	55.3	41.4
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	49.0	45.1	56.0	45.5	640	527	68.0	54.1	71.7	65.7
H	Transportation and storage	50.4	50.2	59.7	47.7	138	114	80.5	79.4	84.3	60.5
I	Accommodation and food services	48.0	43.5	52.2	44.9	423	375	62.5	52.9	65.1	53.3
J	Information and communication	67.0	60.0	73.4	59.2	314	260	82.5	70.6	86.3	71.6
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	68.3	59.8	74.3	61.2	278	233	87.3	78.0	90.2	78.6
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	56.9	49.8	65.8	52.9	319	262	68.7	55.9	72.3	58.4
N	Administrative and support services	51.1	41.7	52.8	42.6	262	218	64.6	56.6	64.0	53.3
O	Public administration and defence	91.2	81.3	86.3	80.9	120	114	96.2	95.4	97.2	93.4
P	Education	67.4	57.6	66.3	60.7	122	111	92.0	84.7	92.8	88.3
Q	Human health and social work	61.3	53.4	65.2	54.4	484	406	72.8	59.9	71.0	57.7
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	65.1	57.4	72.5	58.0	192	159	67.3	56.5	81.6	65.0
Total		57.2	49.7	62.1	50.9	4,122	3,448	77.5	67.4	79.5	67.9
¹This table presents the response rates achieved by sector. Greater caution should be taken in the interpretation of estimates for sectors with lower response rates as these sectors could be subject to greater revisions if response levels are increased for final estimates.

Earnings and Labour Costs Q4 2024 (Final) Q1 2025 (Preliminary Estimates)