You are here: Home / Statistics / Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2025 (Final) Q3 2025 (Preliminary Estimates)

Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2025 (Final) Q3 2025 (Preliminary Estimates)

Average weekly earnings up 4.9% in the 12 months to Q3 2025

Online ISSN: 2009-5023

CSO statistical release, 25 November 2025, 11am

Key Findings

Average weekly earnings were €1,003.81 in Quarter 3 (Q3) 2025, up 4.9% from €956.56 in Q3 2024.
Average hourly earnings rose by 4.3% to €30.48 in Q3 2025, from €29.23 in Q3 2024.
Average weekly paid hours were 32.9 in Q3 2025, up 0.6% from the Q3 2024 hours of 32.7.
The job vacancy rate at the end of Q3 2025 was 1.3%, unchanged from the end of Q2 2025 and 0.1% more than the rate at the end of Q3 2024.
Average hourly other labour costs increased by 4.1% to €5.28 in Q3 2025, from €5.07 in Q3 2024.
The highest averages for hourly total labour costs in Q3 2025 were €59.83 in Information & Communication, and €50.73 in Education.
The Public Administration & Defence sector had the highest job vacancy rate at 5.2% in Q3 2025, followed by 2.1% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (25 November 2025) published Earnings and Labour costs results with Preliminary estimates for Quarter 3 (Q3) 2025 and Final estimates for Q2 2025.

Commenting on the release, Dr Niall O’Sullivan, Statistician in the Earnings Analysis Division, said: “Average earnings in the economy continue to increase year-on-year, driven by a number of factors, including a stable job vacancy rate for the past 18 months, as well as annual employment growth of 1.1% as reported in the latest CSO Labour Force Survey. Preliminary estimates for July, August, September (Q3) 2025 show average weekly earnings were €1,003.81, up 4.9% compared with €956.56 in Q3 2025.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings rose across all sectors in the year to Q3 2025. The largest annual percentage increase in average weekly earnings in Q3 2025 was 8.7% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities sector, followed by a rise of 7.7% in the Accommodation & Food Services Activities sector.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 4.3% to €30.48, increasing in all 13 economic sectors, while average weekly paid hours increased by 0.6% from 32.7 in Q3 2024 to 32.9 in Q3 2025.

Labour Costs

Average hourly other labour costs grew by 4.1% across all economic sectors to €5.28 in Q3 2025 from €5.07 in Q3 2024, while average hourly total labour costs increased by 4.3% to €35.76 in the same period.

The sector with the highest average hourly total labour costs in Q3 2025 was Information & Communication at €59.83. The lowest average total labour costs were in the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, which recorded a rate of €19.95.

Job Vacancy Rate

The job vacancy rate in Q3 2025, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was 1.3%, which was unchanged from the end of Q2 2025, and 0.1% more than the rate at the end of Q3 2024."

Editor's Note

While there is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the public/private sector wage gap, the CSO has published analysis of the differential using a matched Labour Force Survey and PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) dataset for 2019-2022. This analysis took account of compositional differences between the public and private sector, such as occupational mix, sectors of activity, gender balance, union membership, etc. The public sector pay gap in 2022 was estimated to range from -6.6% to +0.9% depending on the specification applied and the treatment of the additional superannuation contribution.

For the most recent analysis, see Econometric Analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential 2022. For previous analysis see Public-Private Sector Pay Differential.

Preliminary Estimates Q3 2025

Headline Table: Earnings, Hours and Labour Costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
	Average Weekly Earnings	Average Hourly Earnings	Average Hourly Total Labour Costs	Average Weekly Paid Hours
	€	€	€	Hours
	Unadjusted
Q3 2024	956.56	29.23	34.29	32.7
Q3 2025	1,003.81	30.48	35.76	32.9
Annual % change	4.9	4.3	4.3	0.6
	Seasonally Adjusted
Q2 2025	1,009.06	30.75	36.13	32.8
Q3 2025	1,021.92	31.18	36.65	32.7
Quarterly % change	1.3	1.4	1.4	-0.3

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 HLT (XLS 10KB)

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings were €1,003.81 in Q3 2025, an increase of 4.9% when compared with €956.56 from one year earlier, according to preliminary estimates of the Earnings and Labour Costs quarterly release.

The largest annual percentage increase in Q3 2025 in average weekly earnings was 8.7% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities sector, rising from €626.61 to €681.22. The second largest increase was 7.7% in the Accommodation & Food Services Activities sector which rose from €447.14 to €481.63 over the year.

In the three years to Q3 2025, average weekly earnings rose by 15.5%. All sectors saw increases in average weekly earnings over this period.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 4.3% to €30.48 in Q3 2025, while average weekly paid hours increased slightly from 32.7 in Q3 2024 to 32.9 in Q3 2025. Over the three years from Q3 2022 to Q3 2025, average hourly earnings rose by 16.2% from €26.23 to €30.48, while average paid hours have decreased from 33.1 to 32.9 hours.

	3 Year % Change
Arts & entertainment	20.9
Health & social	18.4
Education	16.4
Professional & technical	16.3
Financial & real estate	15.7
Public admin & defence	15.7
All sectors	15.5
Industry	15.4
Wholesale & retail	14.7
Accommodation & food	14.1
Information & communication	13.6
Admin & support service	12.4
Construction	11.9
Transportation	9.4

	Q3 2022	Q3 2025
Industry	25.37	29.38
Construction	24.15	27.77
Wholesale & retail	20.51	23.33
Transportation	22.99	25.56
Accommodation & food	14.93	17.79
Information & communication	40.05	45.57
Financial & real estate	34.55	39.03
Professional & technical	30.1	34.87
Admin & support service	21.38	25.04
Public admin & defence	28.33	33.1
Education	39.52	45.49
Health & social	25.45	30.23
Arts & entertainment	19.34	23.45
All sectors	26.23	30.48

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q318	22.62	23.16
Q418	23.31	23.38
Q119	24.05	23.41
Q219	23.69	23.69
Q319	23.54	24.14
Q419	24.23	24.31
Q120	24.76	24.07
Q220	25.38	25.36
Q320	24.38	25.02
Q420	25.57	25.67
Q121	26.84	26.1
Q221	26.08	26.04
Q321	25.31	25.99
Q421	26.29	26.41
Q122	27.46	26.68
Q222	26.76	26.71
Q322	26.23	26.93
Q422	27.9	28.04
Q123	28.55	27.72
Q223	28.19	28.14
Q323	27.84	28.55
Q423	28.44	28.59
Q124	29.96	29.11
Q224	29.75	29.7
Q324	29.23	29.94
Q424	30.18	30.36
Q125	31.86	31.01
Q225	30.79	30.75
Q325	30.48	31.18

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q318	32.8	32.5
Q418	32.4	32.4
Q119	32.1	32.4
Q219	32.6	32.6
Q319	32.7	32.5
Q419	32.4	32.4
Q120	32.3	32.4
Q220	32.2	32.2
Q320	32.6	32.4
Q420	33.1	32.7
Q121	32.1	32.8
Q221	32.6	32.6
Q321	33.1	32.5
Q421	32.9	32.7
Q122	32.3	32.8
Q222	32.6	32.6
Q322	33.1	32.7
Q422	32.4	32.5
Q123	32.4	32.6
Q223	32.4	32.4
Q323	32.6	32.5
Q423	32.6	32.5
Q124	32.5	32.5
Q224	32.4	32.5
Q324	32.7	32.5
Q424	32.5	32.5
Q125	32.3	32.6
Q225	32.7	32.8
Q325	32.9	32.7

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	890.31	945.54	970.63	1,024.45	1,078.98	1,126.36	1,119.77	-6.59	-0.6	40.79	3.8
F	Construction	818.03	869.54	920.83	930.91	1,010.02	1,044.48	1,030.60	-13.88	-1.3	20.58	2.0
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	605.19	629.32	645.48	676.44	698.55	754.37	740.30	-14.07	-1.9	41.75	6.0
H	Transportation and storage	780.66	778.36	850.90	846.01	916.43	985.81	930.63	-55.18	-5.6	14.20	1.5
I	Accommodation and food services	387.95	403.83	421.93	428.39	447.14	470.59	481.63	11.04	2.3	34.49	7.7
J	Information and communication	1,270.40	1,335.88	1,493.83	1,524.47	1,651.31	1,674.21	1,697.69	23.48	1.4	46.38	2.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,119.80	1,153.90	1,211.82	1,244.57	1,302.99	1,451.68	1,402.64	-49.04	-3.4	99.65	7.6
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	906.67	1,031.24	1,034.48	1,107.53	1,141.58	1,228.25	1,203.37	-24.88	-2.0	61.79	5.4
N	Administrative and support services	624.16	682.17	685.32	701.94	737.23	794.47	770.56	-23.91	-3.0	33.33	4.5
O	Public administration and defence	978.47	1,006.19	1,027.00	1,098.89	1,146.43	1,210.28	1,188.70	-21.58	-1.8	42.27	3.7
P	Education	901.01	961.73	947.24	981.67	1,047.08	1,048.53	1,102.34	53.81	5.1	55.26	5.3
Q	Human health and social work	758.21	809.06	826.43	885.07	927.79	949.20	978.36	29.16	3.1	50.57	5.5
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	518.56	552.63	563.42	626.18	626.61	689.45	681.22	-8.23	-1.2	54.61	8.7
All Sectors		795.04	838.47	869.17	907.10	956.56	1,007.58	1,003.81	-3.77	-0.4	47.25	4.9
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		731.01	774.26	812.38	843.07	888.24	941.59	930.72	-10.87	-1.2	42.48	4.8
Public sector²		997.20	1,050.75	1,061.21	1,123.81	1,176.52	1,221.90	1,244.47	22.57	1.8	67.95	5.8
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		625.50	655.63	688.59	741.11	765.06	803.79	813.84	10.05	1.3	48.78	6.4
50-250 employees		737.92	781.05	807.70	812.60	864.74	912.78	887.76	-25.02	-2.7	23.02	2.7
Greater than 250 employees		923.96	972.59	1,001.97	1,039.26	1,096.13	1,152.99	1,150.27	-2.72	-0.2	54.14	4.9
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8a.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 1 (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	23.55	24.57	25.37	26.82	28.43	29.78	29.38	-0.40	-1.3	0.95	3.3
F	Construction	21.83	23.23	24.15	25.44	27.36	28.93	27.77	-1.16	-4.0	0.41	1.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	19.15	19.73	20.51	21.81	22.51	24.09	23.33	-0.76	-3.2	0.82	3.6
H	Transportation and storage	21.29	21.87	22.99	23.21	24.86	26.75	25.56	-1.19	-4.4	0.70	2.8
I	Accommodation and food services	15.38	14.52	14.93	15.88	16.84	17.51	17.79	0.28	1.6	0.95	5.6
J	Information and communication	34.91	35.60	40.05	40.79	44.57	44.73	45.57	0.84	1.9	1.00	2.2
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	32.13	33.13	34.55	36.10	37.65	40.24	39.03	-1.21	-3.0	1.38	3.7
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	26.69	29.56	30.10	32.49	33.24	35.32	34.87	-0.45	-1.3	1.63	4.9
N	Administrative and support services	19.71	20.89	21.38	22.51	23.45	25.74	25.04	-0.70	-2.7	1.59	6.8
O	Public administration and defence	26.43	27.91	28.33	30.34	31.85	33.58	33.10	-0.48	-1.4	1.25	3.9
P	Education	37.97	39.13	39.52	42.43	43.98	43.59	45.49	1.90	4.4	1.51	3.4
Q	Human health and social work	24.16	24.60	25.45	27.47	28.17	29.75	30.23	0.48	1.6	2.06	7.3
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	18.12	19.20	19.34	21.55	21.74	23.39	23.45	0.06	0.3	1.71	7.9
All Sectors		24.38	25.31	26.23	27.84	29.23	30.79	30.48	-0.31	-1.0	1.25	4.3
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		22.45	23.32	24.46	25.86	27.09	28.61	28.16	-0.45	-1.6	1.07	3.9
Public sector²		30.44	31.95	32.26	34.57	36.18	38.09	38.24	0.15	0.4	2.06	5.7
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.96	20.72	21.80	23.99	24.72	25.81	25.98	0.17	0.7	1.26	5.1
50-250 employees		22.84	23.11	23.96	24.81	26.18	27.72	26.72	-1.00	-3.6	0.54	2.1
Greater than 250 employees		27.56	28.77	29.57	31.02	32.62	34.41	34.12	-0.29	-0.8	1.50	4.6
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average hourly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8b.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 2 (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	%	hours	%
B-E	Industry	37.8	38.5	38.3	38.2	38.0	37.8	38.1	0.3	0.8	0.1	0.3
F	Construction	37.5	37.4	38.1	36.6	36.9	36.1	37.1	1.0	2.8	0.2	0.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	31.6	31.9	31.5	31.0	31.0	31.3	31.7	0.4	1.3	0.7	2.3
H	Transportation and storage	36.7	35.6	37.0	36.5	36.9	36.8	36.4	-0.4	-1.1	-0.5	-1.4
I	Accommodation and food services	25.2	27.8	28.3	27.0	26.6	26.9	27.1	0.2	0.7	0.5	1.9
J	Information and communication	36.4	37.5	37.3	37.4	37.1	37.4	37.3	-0.1	-0.3	0.2	0.5
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	34.8	34.8	35.1	34.5	34.6	36.1	35.9	-0.2	-0.6	1.3	3.8
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	34.0	34.9	34.4	34.1	34.3	34.8	34.5	-0.3	-0.9	0.2	0.6
N	Administrative and support services	31.7	32.7	32.1	31.2	31.4	30.9	30.8	-0.1	-0.3	-0.6	-1.9
O	Public administration and defence	37.0	36.1	36.2	36.2	36.0	36.0	35.9	-0.1	-0.3	-0.1	-0.3
P	Education	23.7	24.6	24.0	23.1	23.8	24.1	24.2	0.1	0.4	0.4	1.7
Q	Human health and social work	31.4	32.9	32.5	32.2	32.9	31.9	32.4	0.5	1.6	-0.5	-1.5
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	28.6	28.8	29.1	29.1	28.8	29.5	29.0	-0.5	-1.7	0.2	0.7
All Sectors		32.6	33.1	33.1	32.6	32.7	32.7	32.9	0.2	0.6	0.2	0.6
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		32.6	33.2	33.2	32.6	32.8	32.9	33.0	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.6
Public sector²		32.8	32.9	32.9	32.5	32.5	32.1	32.5	0.4	1.2	0.0	0.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		31.3	31.6	31.6	30.9	30.9	31.1	31.3	0.2	0.6	0.4	1.3
50-250 employees		32.3	33.8	33.7	32.7	33.0	32.9	33.2	0.3	0.9	0.2	0.6
Greater than 250 employees		33.5	33.8	33.9	33.5	33.6	33.5	33.7	0.2	0.6	0.1	0.3
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
²Average weekly paid hours by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8c.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 3 (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by quarter

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by other characteristics and quarter
	Unadjusted Series					Seasonally Adjusted Series
Quarter	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs
	€	hours	€	€	€	€	hours	€	€	€
Q3 2018	742.71	32.8	22.62	3.50	26.12	752.40	32.5	23.16	3.59	26.74
Q4 2018	755.99	32.4	23.31	3.66	26.97	756.47	32.4	23.38	3.60	26.96
Q1 2019	771.43	32.1	24.05	3.69	27.74	761.39	32.4	23.41	3.68	27.09
Q2 2019	771.39	32.6	23.69	3.81	27.50	769.82	32.6	23.69	3.78	27.50
Q3 2019	769.09	32.7	23.54	3.77	27.31	781.04	32.5	24.14	3.88	27.99
Q4 2019	786.36	32.4	24.23	3.96	28.20	787.41	32.4	24.31	3.90	28.21
Q1 2020	799.96	32.3	24.76	3.86	28.61	787.43	32.4	24.07	3.84	27.90
Q2 2020	817.34	32.2	25.38	2.29	27.67	815.48	32.2	25.36	2.25	27.63
Q3 2020	795.04	32.6	24.38	2.69	27.08	809.86	32.4	25.02	2.81	27.82
Q4 2020	847.54	33.1	25.57	2.52	28.09	848.17	32.7	25.67	2.46	28.14
Q1 2021	860.45	32.1	26.84	2.68	29.52	845.33	32.8	26.10	2.65	28.75
Q2 2021	851.14	32.6	26.08	3.83	29.91	850.20	32.6	26.04	2.88	28.92
Q3 2021	838.47	33.1	25.31	3.53	28.84	855.35	32.5	25.99	2.72	28.70
Q4 2021	864.63	32.9	26.29	4.21	30.51	865.22	32.7	26.41	3.24	29.68
Q1 2022	887.17	32.3	27.46	4.23	31.69	869.35	32.8	26.68	3.57	30.26
Q2 2022	873.32	32.6	26.76	4.37	31.12	873.04	32.6	26.71	4.19	30.86
Q3 2022	869.17	33.1	26.23	4.13	30.36	886.32	32.7	26.93	4.29	31.20
Q4 2022	904.69	32.4	27.90	4.61	32.51	905.09	32.5	28.04	4.54	32.63
Q1 2023	926.05	32.4	28.55	4.60	33.15	905.62	32.6	27.72	4.53	32.26
Q2 2023	912.12	32.4	28.19	4.74	32.94	912.48	32.4	28.14	4.70	32.80
Q3 2023	907.10	32.6	27.84	4.66	32.50	924.15	32.5	28.55	4.83	33.36
Q4 2023	927.98	32.6	28.44	5.02	33.47	930.65	32.5	28.59	4.95	33.62
Q1 2024	972.20	32.5	29.96	5.10	35.06	949.41	32.5	29.11	5.02	34.12
Q2 2024	964.54	32.4	29.75	5.39	35.14	965.63	32.5	29.70	5.35	35.01
Q3 2024	956.56	32.7	29.23	5.07	34.29	974.48	32.5	29.94	5.26	35.18
Q4 2024	981.45	32.5	30.18	5.36	35.54	986.04	32.5	30.36	5.29	35.73
Q1 2025	1,029.81	32.3	31.86	5.53	37.39	1,005.55	32.6	31.01	5.44	36.44
Q2 2025	1,007.58	32.7	30.79	5.46	36.26	1,009.06	32.8	30.75	5.42	36.13
Q3 2025¹	1,003.81	32.9	30.48	5.28	35.76	1,021.92	32.7	31.18	5.48	36.65
¹Preliminary Estimates

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 4 (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	22.58	23.44	24.25	25.66	27.00	27.84	28.05	0.21	0.8	1.05	3.9
F	Construction	21.25	22.78	23.88	24.91	26.95	27.83	27.38	-0.45	-1.6	0.43	1.6
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	18.34	18.89	19.51	20.67	21.66	22.62	22.56	-0.06	-0.3	0.90	4.2
H	Transportation and storage	20.33	20.76	21.75	22.36	23.90	24.69	24.59	-0.10	-0.4	0.69	2.9
I	Accommodation and food services	14.91	14.30	14.65	15.54	16.44	17.01	17.32	0.31	1.8	0.88	5.4
J	Information and communication	29.28	29.96	33.31	35.41	37.41	38.27	38.04	-0.23	-0.6	0.63	1.7
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	31.01	31.99	33.12	34.58	36.35	37.33	37.57	0.24	0.6	1.22	3.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	25.58	27.87	28.44	30.23	31.25	32.34	32.70	0.36	1.1	1.45	4.6
N	Administrative and support services	18.70	19.50	20.12	21.37	22.33	23.41	23.67	0.26	1.1	1.34	6.0
O	Public administration and defence	25.17	26.66	27.25	29.21	30.60	31.84	31.98	0.14	0.4	1.38	4.5
P	Education	37.73	38.75	38.63	41.91	43.36	43.19	44.82	1.63	3.8	1.46	3.4
Q	Human health and social work	23.21	23.72	24.46	26.52	27.11	28.84	29.46	0.62	2.1	2.35	8.7
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.81	18.89	19.01	20.74	21.31	22.86	23.00	0.14	0.6	1.69	7.9
All Sectors		23.30	24.15	24.93	26.55	27.84	28.97	29.12	0.15	0.5	1.28	4.6
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		21.36	22.13	23.16	24.52	25.67	26.66	26.74	0.08	0.3	1.07	4.2
Public sector³		29.37	30.89	30.97	33.43	34.87	36.67	37.09	0.42	1.1	2.22	6.4
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		19.32	20.12	21.13	22.98	24.04	24.82	25.26	0.44	1.8	1.22	5.1
50-250 employees		21.95	22.20	22.99	23.86	25.15	25.92	25.72	-0.20	-0.8	0.57	2.3
Greater than 250 employees		26.14	27.18	27.79	29.46	30.75	32.16	32.31	0.15	0.5	1.56	5.1
¹ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings plus the average hourly irregular earnings in Table 5b equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 5a (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.97	1.13	1.12	1.16	1.43	1.93	1.32	-0.61	-0.11
F	Construction	0.59	0.45	0.28	0.54	0.42	1.10	0.39	-0.71	-0.03
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.80	0.84	1.00	1.14	0.85	1.48	0.77	-0.71	-0.08
H	Transportation and storage	0.97	1.11	1.24	0.85	0.96	2.06	0.97	-1.09	0.01
I	Accommodation and food services	0.47	0.21	0.28	0.34	0.40	0.50	0.47	-0.03	0.07
J	Information and communication	5.63	5.64	6.74	5.38	7.16	6.46	7.53	1.07	0.37
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1.12	1.14	1.43	1.52	1.29	2.90	1.46	-1.44	0.17
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1.11	1.69	1.66	2.26	1.99	2.98	2.17	-0.81	0.18
N	Administrative and support services	1.01	1.39	1.26	1.14	1.13	2.33	1.37	-0.96	0.24
O	Public administration and defence	1.26	1.25	1.09	1.12	1.26	1.74	1.12	-0.62	-0.14
P	Education	0.23	0.38	0.88	0.52	0.62	0.40	0.67	0.27	0.05
Q	Human health and social work	0.95	0.87	0.99	0.96	1.07	0.91	0.77	-0.14	-0.30
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.30	0.30	0.34	0.81	0.43	0.53	0.46	-0.07	0.03
All Sectors		1.09	1.17	1.30	1.29	1.39	1.82	1.36	-0.46	-0.03
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1.09	1.20	1.31	1.34	1.41	1.94	1.42	-0.52	0.01
Public sector³		1.07	1.06	1.28	1.14	1.30	1.42	1.15	-0.27	-0.15
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.64	0.60	0.67	1.02	0.69	0.98	0.72	-0.26	0.03
50-250 employees		0.90	0.90	0.97	0.95	1.04	1.80	1.00	-0.80	-0.04
Greater than 250 employees		1.42	1.59	1.78	1.56	1.87	2.25	1.81	-0.44	-0.06
¹ Average hourly irregular earnings plus the average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings in Table 5a equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 5b (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Total Labour Costs

Average hourly total labour costs were €35.76 across all economic sectors in Q3 2025. Information & Communication had the highest average hourly total labour costs at €59.83, followed by €50.73 in the Education sector.

The sectors with the lowest cost of employing labour were the Accommodation & Food Services Activities sector at €19.95 and the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation and Other Service Activities sector at €27.09.

Average hourly total labour costs increased by 17.8% over the three years to Q3 2025, from €30.36 per hour to €35.76.

	3 Year % Change
Arts & entertainment	21.7
Accommodation & food	21.4
Information and communication	20.2
Admin & support service	19.4
Health & social	19.3
Professional & technical	17.9
All sectors	17.8
Public admin & defence	17.6
Construction	16.5
Industry	16.2
Financial & real estate	15.7
Wholesale & retail	15.2
Education	15.2
Transportation	11.8

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	4.14	4.65	5.02	5.40	5.96	6.53	5.94	-0.59	-9.0	-0.02	-0.3
F	Construction	1.29	2.00	3.20	3.38	4.15	4.52	4.10	-0.42	-9.3	-0.05	-1.2
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	1.81	2.90	3.08	3.45	4.13	4.17	3.85	-0.32	-7.7	-0.28	-6.8
H	Transportation and storage	2.71	3.18	3.75	3.96	4.11	4.55	4.34	-0.21	-4.6	0.23	5.6
I	Accommodation and food services	-5.77	-1.39	1.51	1.75	1.87	1.99	2.16	0.17	8.5	0.29	15.5
J	Information and communication	7.86	9.36	9.70	12.34	13.63	14.87	14.26	-0.61	-4.1	0.63	4.6
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	7.57	8.45	8.45	8.96	9.50	10.59	10.70	0.11	1.0	1.20	12.6
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	2.93	4.54	5.33	6.24	6.36	7.24	6.90	-0.34	-4.7	0.54	8.5
N	Administrative and support services	1.91	2.75	2.96	3.52	3.87	3.96	4.02	0.06	1.5	0.15	3.9
O	Public administration and defence	2.61	2.66	2.86	3.11	3.32	3.61	3.59	-0.02	-0.6	0.27	8.1
P	Education	4.03	3.90	4.51	4.93	5.09	4.92	5.24	0.32	6.5	0.15	2.9
Q	Human health and social work	2.54	2.52	2.89	3.24	3.41	3.58	3.59	0.01	0.3	0.18	5.3
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	-0.62	1.36	2.92	3.11	3.20	3.63	3.63	0.00	0.0	0.43	13.4
All Sectors		2.69	3.53	4.13	4.66	5.07	5.46	5.28	-0.18	-3.3	0.21	4.1
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		2.42	3.47	4.23	4.82	5.29	5.72	5.47	-0.25	-4.4	0.18	3.4
Public sector		3.55	3.70	3.78	4.12	4.36	4.59	4.64	0.05	1.1	0.28	6.4
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.18	1.66	2.91	3.55	3.94	4.12	4.04	-0.08	-1.9	0.10	2.5
50-250 employees		2.48	3.08	3.88	4.05	4.48	4.90	4.49	-0.41	-8.4	0.01	0.2
Greater than 250 employees		4.27	4.77	4.91	5.48	5.86	6.34	6.19	-0.15	-2.4	0.33	5.6
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 6a (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.18	0.18	0.21	0.22	0.27	0.65	0.31	-0.34	0.04
F	Construction	0.08	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.30	0.31	0.17	-0.14	-0.13
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.28	0.31	0.31	0.32	0.44	0.55	0.39	-0.16	-0.05
H	Transportation and storage	0.07	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.11	0.03	0.02
I	Accommodation and food services	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04	0.02	-0.02	0.00
J	Information and communication	2.26	3.39	2.49	4.25	5.23	5.27	5.81	0.54	0.58
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	0.59	0.75	0.46	0.46	0.59	1.10	0.61	-0.49	0.02
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	0.24	0.30	0.37	0.32	0.55	1.00	0.52	-0.48	-0.03
N	Administrative and support services	0.25	0.23	0.10	0.36	0.51	0.41	0.38	-0.03	-0.13
O	Public administration and defence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	-0.01	0.00
P	Education	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	-0.01
Q	Human health and social work	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.10	0.13	0.08	0.13	0.14	0.15	0.16	0.01	0.02
All Sectors		0.25	0.34	0.28	0.40	0.52	0.64	0.53	-0.11	0.01
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.33	0.44	0.36	0.52	0.67	0.82	0.68	-0.14	0.01
Public sector		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.00	0.02
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.14	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.20	0.25	0.17	-0.08	-0.03
50-250 employees		0.27	0.23	0.22	0.30	0.34	0.50	0.29	-0.21	-0.05
Greater than 250 employees		0.32	0.49	0.39	0.58	0.74	0.88	0.80	-0.08	0.06
¹ Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) are a sub-component of average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a. BIK is considered an income rather than an other labour cost by Eurostat and in Structure of Earnings Statistics.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 6b (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	27.69	29.22	30.39	32.22	34.39	36.30	35.32	-0.98	-2.7	0.93	2.7
F	Construction	23.12	25.23	27.35	28.82	31.52	33.45	31.87	-1.58	-4.7	0.35	1.1
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	20.95	22.63	23.59	25.26	26.65	28.26	27.18	-1.08	-3.8	0.53	2.0
H	Transportation and storage	24.00	25.05	26.75	27.17	28.97	31.30	29.90	-1.40	-4.5	0.93	3.2
I	Accommodation and food services	9.61	13.13	16.44	17.63	18.71	19.50	19.95	0.45	2.3	1.24	6.6
J	Information and communication	42.77	44.96	49.76	53.14	58.19	59.60	59.83	0.23	0.4	1.64	2.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	39.70	41.58	43.00	45.06	47.15	50.83	49.73	-1.10	-2.2	2.58	5.5
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	29.62	34.10	35.43	38.73	39.60	42.55	41.76	-0.79	-1.9	2.16	5.5
N	Administrative and support services	21.62	23.64	24.34	26.03	27.33	29.70	29.06	-0.64	-2.2	1.73	6.3
O	Public administration and defence	29.04	30.57	31.20	33.45	35.17	37.19	36.69	-0.50	-1.3	1.52	4.3
P	Education	41.99	43.03	44.03	47.36	49.07	48.51	50.73	2.22	4.6	1.66	3.4
Q	Human health and social work	26.70	27.12	28.34	30.71	31.58	33.33	33.82	0.49	1.5	2.24	7.1
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	17.49	20.55	22.26	24.66	24.94	27.02	27.09	0.07	0.3	2.15	8.6
All Sectors		27.08	28.84	30.36	32.50	34.29	36.26	35.76	-0.50	-1.4	1.47	4.3
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		24.87	26.80	28.69	30.67	32.37	34.33	33.63	-0.70	-2.0	1.26	3.9
Public sector		33.99	35.64	36.04	38.69	40.53	42.68	42.89	0.21	0.5	2.36	5.8
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		20.14	22.38	24.71	27.54	28.66	29.93	30.02	0.09	0.3	1.36	4.7
50-250 employees		25.33	26.19	27.84	28.86	30.66	32.62	31.21	-1.41	-4.3	0.55	1.8
Greater than 250 employees		31.83	33.54	34.48	36.50	38.47	40.76	40.31	-0.45	-1.1	1.84	4.8
¹Average hourly total labour costs equal the average hourly earnings in Table 2 plus the average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 6c (XLS 13KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Job Vacancies

The job vacancy rate in Q3 2025, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter was 1.3%, unchanged from the end of Q2 2025.

The highest job vacancy rates in Q3 2025 were 5.2% in the Public Administration & Defence sector, followed by 2.1% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

There were 31,500 job vacancies, (rounded to the nearest 100), at the end of Q3 2025, an increase of 2,700 from the 28,800 vacancies in Q3 2024.

X-axis label	Job Vacancy Rate
Q318	1
Q418	0.9
Q119	1.2
Q219	1.1
Q319	0.9
Q419	0.9
Q120	0.8
Q220	0.7
Q320	0.8
Q420	0.9
Q121	1
Q221	1.2
Q321	1.5
Q421	1.4
Q122	1.6
Q222	1.6
Q322	1.6
Q422	1.3
Q123	1.5
Q223	1.3
Q323	1.2
Q423	1.2
Q124	1.2
Q224	1.3
Q324	1.2
Q424	1.2
Q125	1.3
Q225	1.3
Q325	1.3

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025
NACE Principal Activity		Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3
B-E	Industry	232,300	240,000	246,700	252,000	271,200	263,200	276,000	280,300	287,700
F	Construction	110,300	112,400	108,100	114,300	135,300	135,000	140,000	144,400	137,000
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	304,200	303,200	312,600	314,100	322,000	326,400	333,700	327,000	331,500
H	Transportation and storage	78,200	83,500	81,600	88,000	86,500	90,500	95,200	100,800	107,000
I	Accommodation and food services	187,600	184,200	152,500	184,800	174,900	191,300	207,500	186,600	194,300
J	Information and communication	76,900	82,200	80,800	96,200	104,600	113,400	117,300	112,400	114,200
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	87,600	98,500	104,800	121,900	111,400	115,200	119,400	120,900	122,100
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	95,200	92,900	102,100	118,700	119,900	134,900	148,500	153,900	146,400
N	Administrative and support services	103,200	108,500	88,100	98,200	107,100	106,200	96,200	109,600	100,000
O	Public administration and defence	126,900	140,300	146,300	153,800	164,200	165,800	186,100	176,800	173,400
P	Education	159,900	170,800	174,200	194,300	193,800	204,400	208,900	224,600	218,100
Q	Human health and social work	242,700	256,200	253,800	270,500	295,400	309,200	323,700	333,900	328,500
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	59,500	56,000	53,600	53,000	51,800	54,800	56,400	53,200	55,200
All Sectors		1,864,500	1,928,600	1,905,200	2,059,900	2,138,000	2,210,300	2,308,900	2,324,400	2,315,300
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1,464,700	1,521,100	1,497,700	1,641,000	1,699,100	1,769,500	1,856,200	1,866,200	1,856,500
Public sector		399,800	407,500	407,500	418,900	438,900	440,900	452,700	458,200	458,900
¹ It should be noted that the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of estimates of employment.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table 7a (XLS 12KB)

Visit Table EHQ03 on PxStat

Table 7b Job vacancies by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7c Job vacancy rate by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Public Sector

Average weekly earnings increased by 5.8% across the public sector in the year to Q3 2025, rising from €1,176.52 to €1,244.47.

An Garda Síochána had the highest average weekly earnings and average weekly paid hours in Q3 2025 in the public sector at €1,625.33 and 44.4 hours respectively. The highest average hourly earnings in this period were €51.23 in the Education sector.

FALSE

	Q3 2024	Q3 2025
Civil service	1106.16	1158.46
Defence	1103.73	1160.72
Garda Siochana	1587.54	1625.33
Education	1198.23	1276.28
Regional bodies	987.55	1015.65
Health	1179.67	1282.26
Semi-state	1229.18	1244.62
All public sector	1168.67	1244.45

	Q3 2024	Q3 2025
Civil service	52100	54400
Defence	7800	7800
Garda Siochana	14400	14900
Education	109800	107400
Regional bodies	37100	38900
Health	167400	168100
Semi-state	64200	67300

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8b Average hourly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8c Average weekly paid hours by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8d Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter

Additional Tables

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data¹
		Preliminary Q2 2025			Final Q2 2025			Percentage Change
NACE Principal Activity		Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours
		€	€	hours	€	€	hours	€	€	hours
B-E	Industry	1,133.19	29.86	37.9	1,126.36	29.78	37.8	-0.6	-0.3	-0.3
F	Construction	1,065.12	29.90	35.6	1,044.48	28.93	36.1	-1.9	-3.2	1.4
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	757.67	24.15	31.4	754.37	24.09	31.3	-0.4	-0.2	-0.3
H	Transportation and storage	981.83	26.43	37.1	985.81	26.75	36.8	0.4	1.2	-0.8
I	Accommodation and food services	474.75	17.73	26.8	470.59	17.51	26.9	-0.9	-1.2	0.4
J	Information and communication	1,688.66	45.28	37.3	1,674.21	44.73	37.4	-0.9	-1.2	0.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,456.58	40.46	36.0	1,451.68	40.24	36.1	-0.3	-0.5	0.3
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,239.78	35.45	35.0	1,228.25	35.32	34.8	-0.9	-0.4	-0.6
N	Administrative and support services	806.72	26.13	30.9	794.47	25.74	30.9	-1.5	-1.5	0.0
O	Public administration and defence	1,213.67	33.58	36.1	1,210.28	33.58	36.0	-0.3	0.0	-0.3
P	Education	1,067.71	44.11	24.2	1,048.53	43.59	24.1	-1.8	-1.2	-0.4
Q	Human health and social work	951.21	29.82	31.9	949.20	29.75	31.9	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	698.29	23.61	29.6	689.45	23.39	29.5	-1.3	-0.9	-0.3
Total		1,015.43	31.04	32.7	1,007.58	30.79	32.7	-0.8	-0.8	0.0
Public/Private Sector
Private sector		947.49	28.79	32.9	941.59	28.61	32.9	-0.6	-0.6	0.0
Public sector		1,229.64	38.30	32.1	1,221.90	38.09	32.1	-0.6	-0.5	0.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		824.37	26.44	31.2	803.79	25.81	32.9	-2.5	-2.4	5.4
50-250 employees		904.39	27.58	32.8	912.78	27.72	32.1	0.9	0.5	-2.1
Greater than 250 employees		1,154.73	34.48	33.5	1,152.99	34.41	33.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.3
¹See background notes.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q3 2025 Table A3 (XLS 13KB)

Go to Data

Why you can Trust the CSO

Learn about our data and confidentiality safeguards, and the steps we take to produce statistics that can be trusted by all.

go to trust & transparency

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Quarterly change		Annual change
	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
Civil service	918.01	948.99	1,004.87	1,058.37	1,106.16	1,153.94	1,158.46	4.52	0.4	52.30	4.7
Defence	971.23	976.12	991.18	1,038.18	1,103.73	1,142.41	1,160.72	18.31	1.6	56.99	5.2
Garda Siochana	1,254.37	1,440.70	1,361.12	1,579.28	1,587.54	1,764.89	1,625.33	-139.56	-7.9	37.79	2.4
Education	1,038.12	1,104.12	1,093.92	1,137.73	1,198.23	1,212.07	1,276.28	64.21	5.3	78.05	6.5
Regional bodies	901.86	873.39	904.94	944.47	987.55	1,079.31	1,015.65	-63.66	-5.9	28.10	2.8
Health	958.64	1,040.10	1,042.91	1,129.06	1,179.67	1,223.79	1,282.26	58.47	4.8	102.59	8.7
Semi-state	1,051.51	1,060.14	1,118.58	1,157.08	1,229.18	1,268.40	1,244.62	-23.78	-1.9	15.44	1.3
Total public sector	997.20	1,050.75	1,061.21	1,123.81	1,176.52	1,221.90	1,244.47	22.57	1.8	67.95	5.8
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	988.17	1,049.30	1,052.64	1,118.69	1,168.67	1,214.71	1,244.45	29.74	2.4	75.78	6.5
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,050.30	1,078.52	1,076.58	1,134.31	1,237.70	1,206.77	1,270.40	63.63	5.3	32.70	2.6
Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,052.00	1,052.06	1,138.12	1,167.56	1,224.92	1,298.72	1,232.36	-66.36	-5.1	7.44	0.6

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q3	Q2	Q3	Annual change
									%
Civil service	44,700	44,700	44,800	45,800	52,100	53,900	54,400	2,300	4.4
Defence	8,800	8,900	8,400	8,000	7,800	7,900	7,800	0	0.0
Garda Siochana	14,700	14,700	14,300	14,300	14,400	14,800	14,900	500	3.5
Education	109,000	109,400	108,600	110,000	109,800	110,000	107,400	-2,400	-2.2
Regional bodies	35,200	35,500	35,600	37,700	37,100	37,900	38,900	1,800	4.9
Health	138,800	149,300	168,000	163,200	167,400	167,100	168,100	700	0.4
Semi-state	56,300	56,400	59,200	61,800	64,200	66,700	67,300	3,100	4.8
Total public sector	407,500	418,900	438,900	440,900	452,700	458,200	458,900	6,200	1.4
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	351,200	362,500	379,700	379,000	388,500	391,500	391,600	3,100	0.8
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	15,000	15,600	16,100	19,500	17,200	18,800	19,000	1800.00	10.5
Commercial Semi-state bodies	41,300	40,800	43,100	42,400	47,000	47,900	48,300	1300.00	2.8
¹ Source: Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey. Public Sector employment includes all those who received a payment which would include both full-time and part-time employees as well as contract workers. Total public sector numbers are also published by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform on a quarterly basis. Those differ in coverage from the estimates in the above table as Department of Public Expenditure and Reform estimates are based on full-time equivalents which will change over time based on both changes in working hours and number of persons employed.

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories¹
	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change	Annual change
Occupation by NACE groups	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change	Annual change
	€	€	€	€	%	%
Managers, professionals and associated professionals
B-E	1,731.61	1,754.99	1,827.13	1,836.12	0.5	4.6
B-N, R-S	1,588.63	1,655.24	1,695.15	1,720.24	1.5	3.9
O-Q	1,389.49	1,430.17	1,556.04	1,543.99	-0.8	8.0
Total (B-S)	1,471.25	1,520.04	1,600.02	1,605.60	0.3	5.6
Clerical, sales and service employees
B-E	965.01	991.02	1,051.86	1,039.23	-1.2	4.9
B-N, R-S	660.23	714.44	728.43	759.81	4.3	6.4
O-Q	696.26	709.63	773.93	786.95	1.7	10.9
Total (B-S)	661.17	706.05	734.08	761.99	3.8	7.9
Production, transport, craft and other manual workers
B-E	856.74	906.88	936.32	930.91	-0.6	2.6
B-N, R-S	730.80	767.23	804.40	834.12	3.7	8.7
O-Q	630.00	681.70	734.05	742.12	1.1	8.9
Total (B-S)	697.11	735.03	772.61	798.17	3.3	8.6
¹ These estimates have been generated using a sub sample of EHECS respondents therefore caution is advised when interpreting these results. See background notes.

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter¹
		Employer Response Rate %				Respondent Enterprises	Respondent Enterprises	Employee Response Rate %
NACE Principal Activity		Final Q2 2024	Preliminary Q2 2025	Final Q2 2025	Preliminary Q3 2025	Final Q2 2025	Preliminary Q3 2025	Final Q2 2024	Preliminary Q2 2025	Final Q2 2025	Preliminary Q3 2025
B-E	Industry	62.5	55.2	67.3	53.8	676	543	71.0	62.4	78.5	60.2
F	Construction	46.1	35.4	43.0	32.7	145	109	58.4	42.6	54.3	43.1
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	51.5	48.2	55.0	47.0	620	530	70.4	63.4	70.5	56.1
H	Transportation and storage	53.8	50.8	59.6	45.8	140	108	70.3	66.3	82.8	55.2
I	Accommodation and food services	52.9	46.3	56.7	50.1	447	396	65.5	47.0	60.9	54.3
J	Information and communication	72.4	57.9	72.3	58.4	303	250	85.8	74.8	86.8	70.1
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	71.7	62.8	75.1	62.1	271	228	88.7	77.4	84.6	76.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	65.7	54.8	67.1	54.5	325	268	71.8	63.3	72.6	62.9
N	Administrative and support services	49.4	45.1	55.4	44.9	274	224	62.9	55.4	64.5	45.9
O	Public administration and defence	87.7	79.3	84.7	75.4	122	107	95.2	90.5	91.7	89.9
P	Education	61.6	56.4	68.5	58.2	124	106	91.0	85.7	91.6	87.4
Q	Human health and social work	62.5	53.9	66.6	55.3	489	410	71.0	60.7	70.8	62.5
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	69.8	60.4	74.7	62.8	198	167	78.4	51.2	76.0	67.4
Total		59.4	52.2	62.9	52.1	4,134	3,446	76.9	68.0	77.5	66.0
¹This table presents the response rates achieved by sector. Greater caution should be taken in the interpretation of estimates for sectors with lower response rates as these sectors could be subject to greater revisions if response levels are increased for final estimates.

Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2025 (Final) Q3 2025 (Preliminary Estimates)