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Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2025 (Final) Q2 2025 (Preliminary Estimates)

Average weekly earnings up 5.3% to €1,015.43 in the 12 months to Q2 2025

Online ISSN: 2009-5023

CSO statistical release, 26 August 2025, 11am

Key Findings

Average weekly earnings were €1,015.43 in Quarter 2 (Q2) 2025, up 5.3% from €964.54 in Q2 2024.
Average hourly earnings rose by 4.3% to €31.04 in Q2 2025, from €29.75 in Q2 2024.
Average weekly paid hours were 32.7 in Q2 2025, up 0.9% from the Q2 2024 hours of 32.4.
The job vacancy rate at the end of Q2 2025 was 1.3%, unchanged from the end of Q2 2024 and Q1 2025.
Average hourly other labour costs decreased by 0.4% to €5.37 in Q2 2025, from €5.39 in Q2 2024.
The highest averages for hourly total labour costs in Q2 2025 were €59.15 in Information & Communication, and €50.97 in Financial & Real Estate.
The Public Administration & Defence sector had the highest job vacancy rate at 4.8% in Q2 2025, followed by 2.2% in Financial & Real Estate.

Statistician's Comment

The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (26 August 2025) published Earnings and Labour costs results with Preliminary estimates for Quarter 2 (Q2) 2025 and Final estimates for Q1 2025.

Commenting on the release, Dr Niall O’Sullivan, Statistician in the Earnings Analysis Division, said: “Average earnings in the economy continue to increase year-on-year, driven by a number of factors, including a stable job vacancy rate for the past 18 months, as well as annual employment growth of 2.3% as reported in the latest CSO Labour Force Survey. Preliminary estimates for April, May, and June (Q2) 2025 show average weekly earnings were €1,015.43, up 5.3% compared with €964.54 in Q2 2024.

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings rose across all sectors in the year to Q2 2025. The largest annual percentage increase in average weekly earnings in Q2 2025 was 11.4% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities sector, followed by an increase of 7.2% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 4.3% to €31.04, increasing in all 13 economic sectors, while average weekly paid hours increased by 0.9% from 32.4 in Q2 2024 to 32.7 in Q2 2025.

Labour Costs

Average hourly other labour costs fell slightly by 0.4% across all economic sectors to €5.37 in Q2 2025 from €5.39 in Q2 2024, while average hourly total labour costs increased by 3.6% to €36.41 in the same period.

The sector with the highest average hourly total labour costs in Q2 2025 was Information & Communication at €59.15. The lowest average total labour costs were in the Accommodation & Food Service Activities sector, which recorded a rate of €19.70.

Job Vacancy Rate

The job vacancy rate in Q2 2025, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter, was 1.3%, which was unchanged from the end of Q1 2025, and the end of Q2 2024."

Editor's Note

While there is no internationally agreed methodology for assessing the public/private sector wage gap, the CSO has published analysis of the differential using a matched Labour Force Survey and PAYE Modernisation (PMOD) dataset for 2019-2022. This analysis took account of compositional differences between the public and private sector, such as occupational mix, sectors of activity, gender balance, union membership, etc. The public sector pay gap in 2022 was estimated to range from -6.6% to +0.9% depending on the specification applied and the treatment of the additional superannuation contribution.

For the most recent analysis, see Econometric Analysis of the Public-Private Sector Pay Differential 2022. For previous analysis see Public-Private Sector Pay Differential.

Preliminary Estimates Q2 2025

Headline Table: Earnings, Hours and Labour Costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
	Average Weekly Earnings	Average Hourly Earnings	Average Hourly Total Labour Costs	Average Weekly Paid Hours
	€	€	€	Hours
	Unadjusted
Q2 2024	964.54	29.75	35.14	32.4
Q2 2025	1,015.43	31.04	36.41	32.7
Annual % change	5.3	4.3	3.6	0.9
	Seasonally Adjusted
Q1 2025	1,005.44	30.99	36.45	32.6
Q2 2025	1,015.23	30.98	36.24	32.7
Quarterly % change	1.0	0.0	-0.6	0.3

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2025 HLT (XLS 10KB)

Earnings and Hours

Average weekly earnings were €1,015.43 in Q2 2025, an increase of 5.3% when compared with €964.54 from one year earlier, according to preliminary estimates of the Earnings and Labour Costs quarterly release.

The largest annual percentage increase in Q2 2025 in average weekly earnings was 11.4% in the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation & Other Service Activities sector, rising from €627.03 to €698.29. The second largest increase was 7.2% in the Professional, Scientific & Technical Activities sector which rose from €1,156.49 to €1,239.78 over the year.

In the three years to Q2 2025, average weekly earnings rose by 16.3%. All sectors saw increases in average weekly earnings over this period.

Average hourly earnings grew on an annual basis by 4.3% to €31.04 in Q2 2025, while average weekly paid hours increased slightly from 32.4 in Q2 2024 to 32.7 in Q2 2025. Over the three years from Q2 2022 to Q2 2025, average hourly earnings rose by 16.0% from €26.76 to €31.04, while average paid hours have increased from 32.6 to 32.7 hours.

	3 Year % Change
Public admin & defence	18.5
Arts & entertainment	17.9
Health & social	17.1
Education	16.8
Financial & real estate	16.7
Information & communication	16.6
Admin & support service	16.6
Accommodation & food	16.3
All sectors	16.3
Construction	15.6
Professional & technical	15.4
Industry	14.1
Wholesale & retail	13.9
Transportation	12.5

	Q2 2022	Q2 2025
Industry	25.93	29.86
Construction	24.6	29.9
Wholesale & retail	21.64	24.15
Transportation	23.58	26.43
Accommodation & food	15.08	17.73
Information & communication	38.79	45.28
Financial & real estate	35.63	40.46
Professional & technical	31.37	35.45
Admin & support service	21.53	26.13
Public admin & defence	28.98	33.58
Education	38.82	44.11
Health & social	25.39	29.82
Arts & entertainment	20.2	23.61
All sectors	26.76	31.04

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q218	22.94	22.95
Q318	22.62	23.16
Q418	23.31	23.38
Q119	24.05	23.41
Q219	23.69	23.69
Q319	23.54	24.13
Q419	24.23	24.31
Q120	24.76	24.07
Q220	25.38	25.36
Q320	24.38	25.02
Q420	25.57	25.68
Q121	26.84	26.1
Q221	26.08	26.04
Q321	25.31	25.99
Q421	26.29	26.43
Q122	27.46	26.68
Q222	26.76	26.7
Q322	26.23	26.92
Q422	27.9	28.07
Q123	28.55	27.72
Q223	28.19	28.13
Q323	27.84	28.53
Q423	28.44	28.63
Q124	29.96	29.1
Q224	29.75	29.69
Q324	29.23	29.92
Q424	30.18	30.42
Q125	31.86	30.99
Q225	31.04	30.98

X-axis label	Unadjusted	Seasonally Adjusted
Q218	32.5	32.4
Q318	32.8	32.5
Q418	32.4	32.4
Q119	32.1	32.5
Q219	32.6	32.6
Q319	32.7	32.5
Q419	32.4	32.4
Q120	32.3	32.4
Q220	32.2	32.2
Q320	32.6	32.5
Q420	33.1	32.7
Q121	32.1	32.7
Q221	32.6	32.6
Q321	33.1	32.6
Q421	32.9	32.7
Q122	32.3	32.7
Q222	32.6	32.7
Q322	33.1	32.7
Q422	32.4	32.5
Q123	32.4	32.6
Q223	32.4	32.4
Q323	32.6	32.5
Q423	32.6	32.5
Q124	32.5	32.5
Q224	32.4	32.5
Q324	32.7	32.5
Q424	32.5	32.5
Q125	32.3	32.6
Q225	32.7	32.7

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 1 Average weekly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	900.63	942.47	992.78	1,043.02	1,089.50	1,231.95	1,133.19	-98.76	-8.0	43.69	4.0
F	Construction	769.12	834.24	921.09	900.39	1,004.40	1,007.44	1,065.12	57.68	5.7	60.72	6.0
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	600.41	634.07	665.40	673.53	715.83	735.92	757.67	21.75	3.0	41.84	5.8
H	Transportation and storage	807.64	794.61	872.76	890.41	920.36	899.94	981.83	81.89	9.1	61.47	6.7
I	Accommodation and food services	406.41	377.67	408.28	432.25	446.41	448.30	474.75	26.45	5.9	28.34	6.3
J	Information and communication	1,267.26	1,299.98	1,448.06	1,554.55	1,649.00	1,835.66	1,688.66	-147.00	-8.0	39.66	2.4
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,162.50	1,219.39	1,247.91	1,336.37	1,389.80	1,643.68	1,456.58	-187.10	-11.4	66.78	4.8
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	921.64	1,028.22	1,074.57	1,118.99	1,156.49	1,242.79	1,239.78	-3.01	-0.2	83.29	7.2
N	Administrative and support services	610.42	694.92	691.82	714.50	760.21	787.67	806.72	19.05	2.4	46.51	6.1
O	Public administration and defence	998.27	1,023.14	1,023.81	1,121.50	1,168.62	1,184.87	1,213.67	28.80	2.4	45.05	3.9
P	Education	886.39	929.30	914.35	946.03	1,002.32	1,062.45	1,067.71	5.26	0.5	65.39	6.5
Q	Human health and social work	763.16	783.19	812.33	858.30	900.10	951.78	951.21	-0.57	-0.1	51.11	5.7
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	582.41	557.09	592.42	608.72	627.03	705.50	698.29	-7.21	-1.0	71.26	11.4
All Sectors		817.34	851.14	873.32	912.12	964.54	1,029.81	1,015.43	-14.38	-1.4	50.89	5.3
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		753.03	791.36	820.92	853.04	903.40	970.17	947.49	-22.68	-2.3	44.09	4.9
Public sector²		1,008.74	1,030.85	1,045.21	1,108.81	1,159.09	1,223.89	1,229.64	5.75	0.5	70.55	6.1
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		646.80	675.25	693.98	730.85	776.04	799.66	824.37	24.71	3.1	48.33	6.2
50-250 employees		740.18	805.64	826.41	849.99	890.90	932.07	904.39	-27.68	-3.0	13.49	1.5
Greater than 250 employees		936.18	970.63	990.85	1,042.82	1,095.34	1,190.33	1,154.73	-35.60	-3.0	59.39	5.4
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average weekly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8a.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2025 Table 1 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 2 Average hourly earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	24.76	24.80	25.93	27.49	29.02	32.32	29.86	-2.46	-7.6	0.84	2.9
F	Construction	21.08	22.49	24.60	24.62	27.15	28.13	29.90	1.77	6.3	2.75	10.1
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	19.95	20.46	21.64	22.23	23.31	24.59	24.15	-0.44	-1.8	0.84	3.6
H	Transportation and storage	22.90	22.50	23.58	24.36	24.19	25.45	26.43	0.98	3.9	2.24	9.3
I	Accommodation and food services	15.70	15.63	15.08	15.93	16.96	17.80	17.73	-0.07	-0.4	0.77	4.5
J	Information and communication	34.28	34.68	38.79	41.61	44.31	49.91	45.28	-4.63	-9.3	0.97	2.2
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	33.76	35.17	35.63	38.28	39.66	46.67	40.46	-6.21	-13.3	0.80	2.0
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	27.15	29.48	31.37	32.43	33.70	35.62	35.45	-0.17	-0.5	1.75	5.2
N	Administrative and support services	20.13	22.03	21.53	22.64	23.96	25.76	26.13	0.37	1.4	2.17	9.1
O	Public administration and defence	27.04	28.44	28.98	31.24	33.08	32.71	33.58	0.87	2.7	0.50	1.5
P	Education	36.50	37.84	38.82	40.80	43.27	43.13	44.11	0.98	2.3	0.84	1.9
Q	Human health and social work	24.05	24.30	25.39	27.41	28.47	29.22	29.82	0.60	2.1	1.35	4.7
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	19.92	19.92	20.20	21.53	22.22	24.55	23.61	-0.94	-3.8	1.39	6.3
All Sectors		25.38	26.08	26.76	28.19	29.75	31.86	31.04	-0.82	-2.6	1.29	4.3
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		23.46	24.21	25.00	26.22	27.55	30.13	28.79	-1.34	-4.4	1.24	4.5
Public sector²		31.04	31.74	32.67	34.94	37.10	37.40	38.30	0.90	2.4	1.20	3.2
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		21.03	21.64	22.40	23.77	24.94	26.27	26.44	0.17	0.6	1.50	6.0
50-250 employees		23.22	24.44	24.77	25.70	27.04	29.07	27.58	-1.49	-5.1	0.54	2.0
Greater than 250 employees		28.28	29.08	29.74	31.56	33.23	35.60	34.48	-1.12	-3.1	1.25	3.8
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
² Average hourly earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8b.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2025 Table 2 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 3 Average weekly paid hours by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	hours	%	hours	%
B-E	Industry	36.4	38.0	38.3	37.9	37.5	38.1	37.9	-0.2	-0.5	0.4	1.1
F	Construction	36.5	37.1	37.4	36.6	37.0	35.8	35.6	-0.2	-0.6	-1.4	-3.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	30.1	31.0	30.8	30.3	30.7	29.9	31.4	1.5	5.0	0.7	2.3
H	Transportation and storage	35.3	35.3	37.0	36.5	38.0	35.4	37.1	1.7	4.8	-0.9	-2.4
I	Accommodation and food services	25.9	24.2	27.1	27.1	26.3	25.2	26.8	1.6	6.3	0.5	1.9
J	Information and communication	37.0	37.5	37.3	37.4	37.2	36.8	37.3	0.5	1.4	0.1	0.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	34.4	34.7	35.0	34.9	35.0	35.2	36.0	0.8	2.3	1.0	2.9
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	33.9	34.9	34.3	34.5	34.3	34.9	35.0	0.1	0.3	0.7	2.0
N	Administrative and support services	30.3	31.5	32.1	31.6	31.7	30.6	30.9	0.3	1.0	-0.8	-2.5
O	Public administration and defence	36.9	36.0	35.3	35.9	35.3	36.2	36.1	-0.1	-0.3	0.8	2.3
P	Education	24.3	24.6	23.6	23.2	23.2	24.6	24.2	-0.4	-1.6	1.0	4.3
Q	Human health and social work	31.7	32.2	32.0	31.3	31.6	32.6	31.9	-0.7	-2.1	0.3	0.9
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	29.2	28.0	29.3	28.3	28.2	28.7	29.6	0.9	3.1	1.4	5.0
All Sectors		32.2	32.6	32.6	32.4	32.4	32.3	32.7	0.4	1.2	0.3	0.9
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		32.1	32.7	32.8	32.5	32.8	32.2	32.9	0.7	2.2	0.1	0.3
Public sector²		32.5	32.5	32.0	31.7	31.2	32.7	32.1	-0.6	-1.8	0.9	2.9
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		30.8	31.2	31.0	30.7	31.1	30.4	31.2	0.8	2.6	0.1	0.3
50-250 employees		31.9	33.0	33.4	33.1	32.9	32.1	32.8	0.7	2.2	-0.1	-0.3
Greater than 250 employees		33.1	33.4	33.3	33.0	33.0	33.4	33.5	0.1	0.3	0.5	1.5
¹ For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
²Average weekly paid hours by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8c.

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2025 Table 3 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by quarter

Table 4 Earnings, hours and labour costs, unadjusted and seasonally adjusted by other characteristics and quarter
	Unadjusted Series					Seasonally Adjusted Series
Quarter	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs	Average weekly earnings	Average weekly paid hours	Average hourly earnings	Average hourly other labour costs	Average hourly total labour costs
	€	hours	€	€	€	€	hours	€	€	€
Q1 2018	744.56	31.8	23.40	3.65	27.05	736.37	32.3	22.81	3.64	26.45
Q2 2018	745.03	32.5	22.94	3.63	26.56	744.40	32.4	22.95	3.61	26.59
Q3 2018	742.71	32.8	22.62	3.50	26.12	752.41	32.5	23.16	3.60	26.74
Q4 2018	755.99	32.4	23.31	3.66	26.97	756.50	32.4	23.38	3.60	26.96
Q1 2019	771.43	32.1	24.05	3.69	27.74	761.41	32.5	23.41	3.67	27.09
Q2 2019	771.39	32.6	23.69	3.81	27.50	769.74	32.6	23.69	3.78	27.50
Q3 2019	769.09	32.7	23.54	3.77	27.31	781.05	32.5	24.13	3.88	27.99
Q4 2019	786.36	32.4	24.23	3.96	28.20	787.48	32.4	24.31	3.90	28.22
Q1 2020	799.96	32.3	24.76	3.86	28.61	787.47	32.4	24.07	3.83	27.90
Q2 2020	817.34	32.2	25.38	2.29	27.67	815.34	32.2	25.36	2.26	27.63
Q3 2020	795.04	32.6	24.38	2.69	27.08	809.85	32.5	25.02	2.82	27.82
Q4 2020	847.54	33.1	25.57	2.52	28.09	848.37	32.7	25.68	2.46	28.16
Q1 2021	860.45	32.1	26.84	2.68	29.52	845.29	32.7	26.10	2.64	28.75
Q2 2021	851.14	32.6	26.08	3.83	29.91	850.02	32.6	26.04	2.89	28.91
Q3 2021	838.47	33.1	25.31	3.53	28.84	855.30	32.6	25.99	2.72	28.70
Q4 2021	864.63	32.9	26.29	4.21	30.51	865.60	32.7	26.43	3.23	29.70
Q1 2022	887.17	32.3	27.46	4.23	31.69	869.23	32.7	26.68	3.57	30.25
Q2 2022	873.32	32.6	26.76	4.37	31.12	872.75	32.7	26.70	4.20	30.85
Q3 2022	869.17	33.1	26.23	4.13	30.36	886.19	32.7	26.92	4.29	31.20
Q4 2022	904.69	32.4	27.90	4.61	32.51	905.88	32.5	28.07	4.54	32.65
Q1 2023	926.05	32.4	28.55	4.60	33.15	905.32	32.6	27.72	4.53	32.26
Q2 2023	912.12	32.4	28.19	4.74	32.94	911.91	32.4	28.13	4.71	32.77
Q3 2023	907.10	32.6	27.84	4.66	32.50	924.07	32.5	28.53	4.82	33.36
Q4 2023	927.98	32.6	28.44	5.02	33.47	931.78	32.5	28.63	4.95	33.64
Q1 2024	972.20	32.5	29.96	5.10	35.06	949.20	32.5	29.10	5.02	34.13
Q2 2024	964.54	32.4	29.75	5.39	35.14	964.53	32.5	29.69	5.37	34.97
Q3 2024	956.56	32.7	29.23	5.07	34.29	974.48	32.5	29.92	5.25	35.19
Q4 2024	981.45	32.5	30.18	5.36	35.54	987.55	32.5	30.42	5.29	35.74
Q1 2025	1,029.81	32.3	31.86	5.53	37.39	1,005.44	32.6	30.99	5.44	36.45
Q2 2025¹	1,015.43	32.7	31.04	5.37	36.41	1,015.23	32.7	30.98	5.35	36.24
¹Preliminary Estimates

Open in Excel: Earnings and Labour Costs Q2 2025 Table 4 (XLS 13KB)

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Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5a Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	23.11	23.42	24.04	25.65	26.90	27.67	27.86	0.19	0.7	0.96	3.6
F	Construction	20.82	22.19	24.16	23.96	26.15	27.56	28.90	1.34	4.9	2.75	10.5
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	18.79	19.03	20.02	20.67	22.02	22.62	22.69	0.07	0.3	0.67	3.0
H	Transportation and storage	21.34	21.21	21.56	22.68	22.79	24.32	24.57	0.25	1.0	1.78	7.8
I	Accommodation and food services	15.33	15.37	14.80	15.45	16.54	17.02	17.17	0.15	0.9	0.63	3.8
J	Information and communication	29.20	30.54	33.51	35.39	37.38	38.83	38.36	-0.47	-1.2	0.98	2.6
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	31.61	33.03	33.50	35.39	36.68	36.85	37.73	0.88	2.4	1.05	2.9
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	25.58	27.20	28.96	30.06	31.35	31.73	32.32	0.59	1.9	0.97	3.1
N	Administrative and support services	18.84	19.81	19.81	21.32	22.36	22.94	23.55	0.61	2.7	1.19	5.3
O	Public administration and defence	25.47	26.85	27.31	29.49	30.92	31.25	31.85	0.60	1.9	0.93	3.0
P	Education	36.30	37.44	38.41	40.50	42.11	42.82	43.68	0.86	2.0	1.57	3.7
Q	Human health and social work	23.09	23.45	24.05	26.22	27.11	28.33	28.88	0.55	1.9	1.77	6.5
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	19.31	19.45	19.73	20.98	21.71	22.67	22.54	-0.13	-0.6	0.83	3.8
All Sectors		23.97	24.66	25.10	26.48	27.84	28.89	29.18	0.29	1.0	1.34	4.8
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		21.99	22.71	23.35	24.44	25.70	26.63	26.83	0.20	0.8	1.13	4.4
Public sector³		29.79	30.58	31.03	33.43	34.99	36.13	36.78	0.65	1.8	1.79	5.1
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		20.26	20.76	21.56	22.67	24.14	24.83	25.46	0.63	2.5	1.32	5.5
50-250 employees		21.90	22.81	23.09	24.04	25.26	25.97	25.82	-0.15	-0.6	0.56	2.2
Greater than 250 employees		26.52	27.43	27.67	29.48	30.70	31.91	32.17	0.26	0.8	1.47	4.8
¹ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings plus the average hourly irregular earnings in Table 5b equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 5b Average hourly irregular earnings by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	1.64	1.38	1.89	1.85	2.13	4.65	2.01	-2.64	-0.12
F	Construction	0.26	0.31	0.44	0.66	1.00	0.57	1.00	0.43	0.00
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	1.16	1.43	1.61	1.56	1.28	1.97	1.46	-0.51	0.18
H	Transportation and storage	1.56	1.29	2.02	1.68	1.40	1.12	1.86	0.74	0.46
I	Accommodation and food services	0.37	0.27	0.28	0.47	0.42	0.78	0.56	-0.22	0.14
J	Information and communication	5.07	4.14	5.28	6.22	6.93	11.08	6.92	-4.16	-0.01
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	2.15	2.15	2.12	2.89	2.98	9.82	2.73	-7.09	-0.25
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1.57	2.28	2.42	2.37	2.35	3.89	3.13	-0.76	0.78
N	Administrative and support services	1.29	2.22	1.71	1.31	1.61	2.83	2.58	-0.25	0.97
O	Public administration and defence	1.57	1.59	1.67	1.75	2.16	1.45	1.73	0.28	-0.43
P	Education	0.20	0.40	0.41	0.31	1.16	0.30	0.43	0.13	-0.73
Q	Human health and social work	0.96	0.85	1.34	1.19	1.36	0.89	0.94	0.05	-0.42
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.61	0.47	0.47	0.55	0.50	1.88	1.07	-0.81	0.57
All Sectors		1.41	1.42	1.65	1.72	1.91	2.98	1.86	-1.12	-0.05
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1.46	1.50	1.66	1.77	1.85	3.51	1.96	-1.55	0.11
Public sector³		1.24	1.17	1.65	1.52	2.12	1.27	1.52	0.25	-0.60
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.77	0.88	0.84	1.10	0.80	1.44	0.99	-0.45	0.19
50-250 employees		1.31	1.64	1.68	1.66	1.78	3.11	1.76	-1.35	-0.02
Greater than 250 employees		1.76	1.65	2.07	2.08	2.54	3.69	2.32	-1.37	-0.22
¹ Average hourly irregular earnings plus the average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings in Table 5a equal average hourly earnings as set out in Table 2.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.
³ Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by Public sector sub-sector are set out in Table 8d.

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Total Labour Costs

Average hourly total labour costs were €36.41 across all economic sectors in Q2 2025. Information & Communication had the highest average hourly total labour costs at €59.15, followed by €50.97 in the Financial & Real Estate sector.

The sectors with the lowest cost of employing labour were the Accommodation & Food Services Activities sector at €19.70 and the Arts, Entertainment, Recreation and Other Service Activities sector at €26.93.

Average hourly total labour costs increased by 17% over the three years to Q2 2025, from €31.12 per hour to €36.41.

	3 Year % Change
Admin & support service	24.1915677445763
Construction	23.0050323508267
Information and communication	21.2835759688333
Accommodation & food	20.3420891875382
Health & social	18.1046676096181
All sectors	16.9987146529563
Arts & entertainment	16.7823070251518
Public admin & defence	16.6928145591465
Professional & technical	15.6809549647314
Industry	15.6359023152553
Financial & real estate	14.4364616075438
Transportation	12.8796194657885
Education	12.8793143386611
Wholesale & retail	12.3368920521945

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6a Average hourly other labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	3.44	5.14	5.60	6.02	6.56	6.66	6.60	-0.06	-0.9	0.04	0.6
F	Construction	-0.66	1.06	3.22	3.65	3.70	3.98	4.32	0.34	8.5	0.62	16.8
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.72	2.68	3.65	3.65	4.10	4.09	4.26	0.17	4.2	0.16	3.9
H	Transportation and storage	1.08	3.05	3.76	3.95	4.04	4.34	4.42	0.08	1.8	0.38	9.4
I	Accommodation and food services	-5.79	-1.47	1.30	1.69	1.89	2.10	1.96	-0.14	-6.7	0.07	3.7
J	Information and communication	7.25	9.67	9.97	11.21	15.48	14.48	13.87	-0.61	-4.2	-1.61	-10.4
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	8.20	9.91	8.91	9.57	10.25	11.37	10.51	-0.86	-7.6	0.26	2.5
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1.89	4.50	5.49	5.73	6.44	7.19	7.19	0.00	0.0	0.75	11.6
N	Administrative and support services	1.06	3.46	2.90	4.02	5.68	4.57	4.21	-0.36	-7.9	-1.47	-25.9
O	Public administration and defence	2.64	2.77	2.89	3.17	3.44	3.61	3.60	-0.01	-0.3	0.16	4.7
P	Education	3.33	3.61	4.35	4.76	5.03	4.91	4.62	-0.29	-5.9	-0.41	-8.2
Q	Human health and social work	2.18	2.59	2.89	3.25	3.34	3.41	3.59	0.18	5.3	0.25	7.5
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	-1.37	1.29	2.85	3.08	3.40	4.91	3.31	-1.60	-32.6	-0.09	-2.6
All Sectors		2.29	3.83	4.37	4.74	5.39	5.53	5.37	-0.16	-2.9	-0.02	-0.4
Public/Private Sector¹
Private sector		1.87	3.88	4.52	4.93	5.67	5.88	5.63	-0.25	-4.3	-0.04	-0.7
Public sector		3.52	3.68	3.83	4.12	4.47	4.41	4.51	0.10	2.3	0.04	0.9
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		-0.51	1.47	3.04	3.42	3.95	3.89	4.07	0.18	4.6	0.12	3.0
50-250 employees		0.99	3.48	3.90	4.37	4.68	5.29	4.70	-0.59	-11.2	0.02	0.4
Greater than 250 employees		4.13	5.26	5.22	5.62	6.40	6.42	6.23	-0.19	-3.0	-0.17	-2.7
¹For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6b Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change	Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change	Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€
B-E	Industry	0.62	0.59	0.63	0.63	0.66	0.64	0.69	0.05	0.03
F	Construction	0.07	0.08	0.10	0.17	0.17	0.23	0.29	0.06	0.12
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	0.57	0.61	0.64	0.48	0.61	0.33	0.58	0.25	-0.03
H	Transportation and storage	0.09	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.10	0.08	-0.02	0.02
I	Accommodation and food services	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.00	-0.01
J	Information and communication	1.72	3.71	3.02	3.39	6.92	5.27	4.93	-0.34	-1.99
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1.09	0.79	0.56	0.66	1.05	1.32	1.03	-0.29	-0.02
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	0.49	0.45	0.48	0.38	0.64	0.89	0.92	0.03	0.28
N	Administrative and support services	0.19	0.80	0.15	0.78	0.45	0.83	0.62	-0.21	0.17
O	Public administration and defence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00
P	Education	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	-0.01	-0.01
Q	Human health and social work	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.00
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	0.14	0.10	0.10	0.12	0.14	0.15	0.08	-0.07	-0.06
All Sectors		0.40	0.51	0.44	0.47	0.73	0.64	0.61	-0.03	-0.12
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		0.53	0.67	0.57	0.61	0.95	0.83	0.79	-0.04	-0.16
Public sector		0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04	0.01	0.03
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		0.20	0.19	0.18	0.16	0.19	0.18	0.24	0.06	0.05
50-250 employees		0.30	0.27	0.20	0.39	0.45	0.57	0.39	-0.18	-0.06
Greater than 250 employees		0.53	0.76	0.67	0.68	1.11	0.89	0.87	-0.02	-0.24
¹ Average hourly benefits in kind (BIK) are a sub-component of average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a. BIK is considered an income rather than an other labour cost by Eurostat and in Structure of Earnings Statistics.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 6c Average hourly total labour costs by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
		€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
B-E	Industry	28.20	29.93	31.53	33.52	35.59	38.99	36.46	-2.53	-6.5	0.87	2.4
F	Construction	20.42	23.56	27.82	28.27	30.85	32.11	34.22	2.11	6.6	3.37	10.9
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	20.67	23.14	25.29	25.88	27.41	28.68	28.41	-0.27	-0.9	1.00	3.6
H	Transportation and storage	23.98	25.54	27.33	28.31	28.23	29.78	30.85	1.07	3.6	2.62	9.3
I	Accommodation and food services	9.91	14.16	16.37	17.62	18.85	19.90	19.70	-0.20	-1.0	0.85	4.5
J	Information and communication	41.53	44.35	48.77	52.83	59.78	64.40	59.15	-5.25	-8.2	-0.63	-1.1
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	41.96	45.08	44.54	47.85	49.91	58.03	50.97	-7.06	-12.2	1.06	2.1
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	29.04	33.98	36.86	38.16	40.14	42.81	42.64	-0.17	-0.4	2.50	6.2
N	Administrative and support services	21.19	25.49	24.43	26.66	29.64	30.33	30.34	0.01	0.0	0.70	2.4
O	Public administration and defence	29.68	31.21	31.87	34.41	36.52	36.31	37.19	0.88	2.4	0.67	1.8
P	Education	39.83	41.45	43.17	45.57	48.31	48.04	48.73	0.69	1.4	0.42	0.9
Q	Human health and social work	26.23	26.89	28.28	30.66	31.81	32.63	33.40	0.77	2.4	1.59	5.0
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	18.55	21.21	23.06	24.61	25.61	29.46	26.93	-2.53	-8.6	1.32	5.2
All Sectors		27.67	29.91	31.12	32.94	35.14	37.39	36.41	-0.98	-2.6	1.27	3.6
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		25.33	28.09	29.53	31.14	33.21	36.01	34.43	-1.58	-4.4	1.22	3.7
Public sector		34.56	35.42	36.50	39.06	41.57	41.81	42.82	1.01	2.4	1.25	3.0
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		20.52	23.10	25.44	27.18	28.89	30.16	30.52	0.36	1.2	1.63	5.6
50-250 employees		24.21	27.92	28.67	30.07	31.72	34.37	32.27	-2.10	-6.1	0.55	1.7
Greater than 250 employees		32.41	34.33	34.97	37.18	39.63	42.02	40.72	-1.30	-3.1	1.09	2.8
¹Average hourly total labour costs equal the average hourly earnings in Table 2 plus the average hourly other labour costs as set out in Table 6a.
²For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Job Vacancies

The job vacancy rate in Q2 2025, which measures job vacancies on the last working day of the quarter was 1.3%, unchanged from the end of Q1 2025.

The highest job vacancy rates in Q2 2025 were 4.8% in the Public Administration & Defence sector, followed by 2.2% in the Financial, Insurance and Real Estate sector.

There were 29,500 job vacancies, (rounded to the nearest 100), at the end of Q2 2025 unchanged from Q2 2024.

X-axis label	Job Vacancy Rate
Q218	1.2
Q318	1
Q418	0.9
Q119	1.2
Q219	1.1
Q319	0.9
Q419	0.9
Q120	0.8
Q220	0.7
Q320	0.8
Q420	0.9
Q121	1
Q221	1.2
Q321	1.5
Q421	1.4
Q122	1.6
Q222	1.6
Q322	1.6
Q422	1.3
Q123	1.5
Q223	1.3
Q323	1.2
Q423	1.2
Q124	1.2
Q224	1.3
Q324	1.2
Q424	1.2
Q125	1.3
Q225	1.3

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7a Employment by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
NACE Principal Activity		2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025
NACE Principal Activity		Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2
B-E	Industry	220,900	228,800	235,800	255,600	262,600	255,600	277,700	267,700	280,300
F	Construction	106,200	112,200	96,400	101,200	129,900	140,600	132,000	138,400	144,400
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	302,200	298,200	288,400	306,400	326,600	342,500	321,900	330,400	327,000
H	Transportation and storage	76,400	83,500	74,400	80,200	86,500	91,300	99,100	90,400	100,800
I	Accommodation and food services	180,900	187,300	128,300	125,000	171,900	185,400	190,000	192,800	186,600
J	Information and communication	71,400	75,300	85,000	90,300	107,700	112,300	118,000	119,400	112,400
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	94,100	97,600	112,500	113,100	115,000	119,200	113,600	133,000	120,900
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	97,900	98,400	99,600	115,900	121,100	130,600	147,100	141,300	153,900
N	Administrative and support services	103,000	107,300	87,500	92,500	103,400	107,100	105,400	106,400	109,600
O	Public administration and defence	128,300	136,600	146,100	158,800	157,400	175,600	183,700	182,900	176,800
P	Education	154,900	165,600	182,200	198,500	202,700	202,900	212,800	233,700	224,600
Q	Human health and social work	244,900	252,400	248,100	267,200	293,800	306,900	323,600	312,700	333,900
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	54,500	54,100	46,300	46,800	49,500	53,500	52,000	57,000	53,200
All Sectors		1,835,600	1,897,300	1,830,500	1,951,600	2,128,100	2,223,500	2,276,900	2,306,000	2,324,400
Public/Private Sector²
Private sector		1,434,700	1,489,500	1,431,600	1,531,700	1,698,900	1,781,000	1,818,800	1,856,200	1,868,000
Public sector		400,900	407,800	399,000	419,900	429,100	442,500	458,100	449,700	456,400
¹ It should be noted that the Labour Force Survey (LFS) is the official source of estimates of employment.
² For additional Public/Private data see PxStat table EHQ08.

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Table 7b Job vacancies by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Table 7c Job vacancy rate by economic sector and other characteristics and quarter

Public Sector

Average weekly earnings increased by 6.1% across the public sector in the year to Q2 2025, rising from €1,159.09 to €1,229.64.

An Garda Síochána had the highest average weekly earnings and average weekly paid hours in Q2 2025 in the public sector at €1,764.89 and 42.0 hours respectively. The highest average hourly earnings in this period were €49.71 in the Education sector.

FALSE

	Q2 2024	Q2 2025
Civil service	1102.21	1157.34
Defence	1054.32	1142.41
Garda Síochána	1782.49	1764.89
Education	1132.09	1211.96
Regional bodies	1025.08	1086.94
Health	1148.24	1222.87
Semi-state	1235.23	1322.27
All public sector	1159.09	1229.64

	Q2 2024	Q2 2025
Civil service	50800	53800
Defence	7800	7900
Garda Síochána	14400	14800
Education	114000	110000
Regional bodies	38100	37800
Health	168800	167300
Semi-state	64200	64800

Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8b Average hourly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8c Average weekly paid hours by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8d Average hourly earnings excluding irregular earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter

Additional Tables

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data

Table A3 Preliminary data versus final data¹
		Preliminary Q1 2025			Final Q1 2025			Percentage Change
NACE Principal Activity		Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours	Average weekly earnings	Average hourly earnings	Average weekly hours
		€	€	hours	€	€	hours	€	€	hours
B-E	Industry	1,230.84	32.59	37.8	1,231.95	32.32	38.1	0.1	-0.8	0.8
F	Construction	995.26	27.86	35.7	1,007.44	28.13	35.8	1.2	1.0	0.3
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	740.04	24.31	30.4	735.92	24.59	29.9	-0.6	1.2	-1.6
H	Transportation and storage	912.12	25.75	35.4	899.94	25.45	35.4	-1.3	-1.2	0.0
I	Accommodation and food services	436.10	17.49	24.9	448.30	17.80	25.2	2.8	1.8	1.2
J	Information and communication	1,839.67	49.38	37.3	1,835.66	49.91	36.8	-0.2	1.1	-1.3
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	1,565.37	44.53	35.2	1,643.68	46.67	35.2	5.0	4.8	0.0
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,249.07	35.66	35.0	1,242.79	35.62	34.9	-0.5	-0.1	-0.3
N	Administrative and support services	782.28	25.36	30.8	787.67	25.76	30.6	0.7	1.6	-0.6
O	Public administration and defence	1,181.67	32.69	36.2	1,184.87	32.71	36.2	0.3	0.1	0.0
P	Education	1,048.38	42.77	24.5	1,062.45	43.13	24.6	1.3	0.8	0.4
Q	Human health and social work	956.70	29.45	32.5	951.78	29.22	32.6	-0.5	-0.8	0.3
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	692.42	24.25	28.6	705.50	24.55	28.7	1.9	1.2	0.3
Total		1,026.20	31.72	32.4	1,029.81	31.86	32.3	0.4	0.4	-0.3
Public/Private Sector
Private sector		963.68	29.86	32.3	970.17	30.13	32.2	0.7	0.9	-0.3
Public sector		1,224.44	37.53	32.6	1,223.89	37.40	32.7	0.0	-0.3	0.3
Size of Enterprise
Less than 50 employees		801.22	26.16	30.6	799.66	26.27	30.4	-0.2	0.4	-0.7
50-250 employees		913.25	28.57	32.0	932.07	29.07	32.1	2.1	1.8	0.3
Greater than 250 employees		1,180.85	35.39	33.4	1,190.33	35.60	33.4	0.8	0.6	0.0
¹See background notes.

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Table 8a Average weekly earnings by public sector sub-sector and quarter - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Quarterly change		Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Quarterly change		Annual change
	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	€	%	€	%
Civil service	977.79	980.22	968.79	1,067.76	1,102.21	1,150.35	1,157.34	6.99	0.6	55.13	5.0
Defence	916.69	956.85	977.68	1,031.96	1,054.32	1,128.91	1,142.41	13.50	1.2	88.09	8.4
Garda Siochana	1,433.19	1,480.51	1,503.32	1,732.43	1,782.49	1,626.82	1,764.89	138.07	8.5	-17.60	-1.0
Education	1,018.61	1,060.14	1,054.57	1,088.43	1,132.09	1,229.44	1,211.96	-17.48	-1.4	79.87	7.1
Regional bodies	837.93	874.88	886.50	965.36	1,025.08	1,039.66	1,086.94	47.28	4.5	61.86	6.0
Health	998.18	986.62	1,020.28	1,091.51	1,148.24	1,240.66	1,222.87	-17.79	-1.4	74.63	6.5
Semi-state	1,040.56	1,092.58	1,138.38	1,169.65	1,235.23	1,292.72	1,322.27	29.55	2.3	87.04	7.0
Total public sector	1,008.74	1,030.85	1,045.21	1,108.81	1,159.09	1,223.89	1,229.64	5.75	0.5	70.55	6.1
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	1,003.79	1,021.89	1,031.52	1,099.99	1,147.47	1,214.31	1,215.76	1.45	0.1	68.29	6.0
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,041.05	1,065.87	1,066.84	1,108.49	1,195.45	1,222.05	1,208.82	-13.23	-1.1	13.37	1.1
Commercial Semi-state bodies	1,040.35	1,105.50	1,168.01	1,202.23	1,253.81	1,334.17	1,380.98	46.81	3.5	127.17	10.1

Table 8e Public sector employment by sub-sector and quarter¹ - Preliminary estimates
Public sector sub-sector	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2025	Annual change
Public sector sub-sector	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q2	Q1	Q2	Annual change
									%
Civil service	44,600	45,100	44,500	45,300	50,800	53,300	53,800	3,000	5.9
Defence	8,900	8,900	8,600	8,100	7,800	7,900	7,900	100	1.3
Garda Siochana	14,700	14,500	14,400	14,300	14,400	14,700	14,800	400	2.8
Education	112,000	112,900	112,900	113,400	114,000	108,900	110,000	-4,000	-3.5
Regional bodies	35,000	35,100	35,400	37,200	38,100	38,400	37,800	-300	-0.8
Health	127,600	146,900	155,000	163,800	168,800	165,900	167,300	-1,500	-0.9
Semi-state	56,200	56,400	58,400	60,500	64,200	60,600	64,800	600	0.9
Total public sector	399,000	419,900	429,100	442,500	458,100	449,700	456,400	-1,700	-0.4
Total public sector excluding semi-state bodies	342,700	363,400	370,800	382,000	393,900	389,100	391,600	-2,300	-0.6
Semi-state by sub-sector
Non Commercial Semi-state bodies	14,900	15,500	16,700	16,200	17,300	17,000	18,300	1000.00	5.8
Commercial Semi-state bodies	41,400	40,900	41,600	44,300	46,900	43,500	46,500	-400.00	-0.9
¹ Source: Earnings, Hours and Employment Costs Survey. Public Sector employment includes all those who received a payment which would include both full-time and part-time employees as well as contract workers. Total public sector numbers are also published by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform on a quarterly basis. Those differ in coverage from the estimates in the above table as Department of Public Expenditure and Reform estimates are based on full-time equivalents which will change over time based on both changes in working hours and number of persons employed.

Table A1 Estimates of average weekly earnings by broad occupational categories¹
	2023	2024	2024	2025	Quarterly change	Annual change
Occupation by NACE groups	Q1	Q1	Q4	Q1	Quarterly change	Annual change
	€	€	€	€	%	%
Managers, professionals and associated professionals
B-E	1,694.04	1,755.59	1,770.59	1,827.13	3.2	4.1
B-N, R-S	1,569.29	1,634.95	1,675.70	1,695.15	1.2	3.7
O-Q	1,398.36	1,456.75	1,512.80	1,556.04	2.9	6.8
Total (B-S)	1,467.55	1,523.42	1,569.14	1,600.02	2.0	5.0
Clerical, sales and service employees
B-E	963.33	1,004.73	1,037.93	1,051.86	1.3	4.7
B-N, R-S	651.77	685.34	724.86	728.43	0.5	6.3
O-Q	678.84	713.35	749.77	773.93	3.2	8.5
Total (B-S)	649.81	684.49	723.16	734.08	1.5	7.2
Production, transport, craft and other manual workers
B-E	840.29	906.51	926.65	936.32	1.0	3.3
B-N, R-S	702.63	750.54	814.43	804.40	-1.2	7.2
O-Q	615.47	674.72	709.70	734.05	3.4	8.8
Total (B-S)	671.80	720.28	777.60	772.61	-1.2	7.3
¹ These estimates have been generated using a sub sample of EHECS respondents therefore caution is advised when interpreting these results. See background notes.

Table A2 Response rates in selected sectors by quarter¹
		Employer Response Rate %				Respondent Enterprises	Respondent Enterprises	Employee Response Rate %
NACE Principal Activity		Final Q1 2024	Preliminary Q1 2025	Final Q1 2025	Preliminary Q2 2025	Final Q1 2025	Preliminary Q2 2025	Final Q1 2024	Preliminary Q1 2025	Final Q1 2025	Preliminary Q2 2025
B-E	Industry	65.6	53.7	67.1	55.2	685	555	78.2	58.7	76.9	62.4
F	Construction	44.3	34.5	39.9	35.4	136	119	55.8	41.4	50.3	42.6
G	Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	49.8	45.5	56.0	48.2	646	544	70.9	65.7	71.9	63.4
H	Transportation and storage	54.0	47.7	59.8	50.8	143	120	81.2	60.5	84.1	66.3
I	Accommodation and food services	49.9	44.9	56.2	46.3	465	365	63.5	53.3	63.0	47.0
J	Information and communication	70.3	59.2	75.7	57.9	327	243	85.4	71.6	86.4	74.8
K-L	Financial, insurance and real estate	70.1	61.2	73.3	62.8	274	230	88.6	78.6	85.8	77.4
M	Professional, scientific and technical activities	60.0	52.9	62.1	54.8	307	267	70.4	58.4	70.8	63.3
N	Administrative and support services	48.8	42.6	54.3	45.1	277	223	64.4	53.3	66.2	55.4
O	Public administration and defence	90.6	80.9	84.4	79.3	119	115	95.8	93.4	95.0	90.5
P	Education	67.5	60.7	71.4	56.4	130	102	93.3	88.3	94.3	85.7
Q	Human health and social work	64.2	54.4	66.8	53.9	498	397	72.1	57.7	68.6	60.7
R-S	Arts, entertainment, recreation and other service activities	68.1	58.0	74.4	60.4	203	160	70.5	65.0	80.0	51.2
Total		58.8	50.9	62.5	52.2	4,210	3,440	78.4	67.9	78.2	68.0
¹This table presents the response rates achieved by sector. Greater caution should be taken in the interpretation of estimates for sectors with lower response rates as these sectors could be subject to greater revisions if response levels are increased for final estimates.

Earnings and Labour Costs Q1 2025 (Final) Q2 2025 (Preliminary Estimates)