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Estimates of the Capital Stock of Fixed Assets 2023

By Asset

Stock of Dwellings increased by 6.8% in 2023

Online ISSN: 2009-5732

CSO statistical release, 06 November 2024, 11am

X-axis label	Other	Other Machinery & Equipment	Transport Equipment	Other Buildings & Structures	Dwellings, excluding land	Research & Development
2018	7.8091	34.0252	159.7664	182.6206	257.3222	311.9168
2019	8.2829	34.422	167.9473	202.8595	263.595	388.752
2020	9.0212	33.8531	166.4906	215.0717	278.0294	416.9313
2021	9.941	36.3589	166.0789	244.186	307.1343	383.7718
2022	12.9085	42.6434	169.759	280.3663	371.4751	362.0357
2023	13.7372	47.868	184.5673	297.7598	396.5988	337.7996

Figure 2 shows a breakdown of the net capital stock of fixed assets by asset category.

Research & Development related assets declined for the third year in a row, from a peak of €417 billion in 2020 to €338 billion by the end of 2023 (see Table 2.1). The decline in these assets contributed to a fall in both the Manufacturing and Information & Communication sectors. Research & Development (R&D) assets make up the vast majority of Intangibles, which fell by €23 billion (-6.3%) in 2023 to a total of €348 billion.

Cultivated Assets showed a fall of €140 million (-4.2%), while all other asset categories saw growth in their value of net capital stock.

Dwellings, excluding land, saw an increase of €25 billion (+6.8%) to a total of €397 billion by the end of the year, contributing to growth in the Real Estate sector. Other Buildings & Structures grew in value by €17 billion (+6.2%) to stand at a total of €298 billion.

Transport Equipment had an increase of €15 billion (+8.7%) to a total of €185 billion by the end of the year, while Other Machinery & Equipment grew by €5 billion (+12.3%) to a total of €48 billion.

Consumption of Fixed Capital

Of a total of €128 billion in consumption of fixed capital in 2023, the majority was seen in Research & Development (see Table 2.5). Depreciation of R&D stood at €81 billion in 2023, an increase of €3 billion (+3.8%).

Consumption of fixed capital of Dwellings, excluding land, stood at €8 billion (+3.3%) while Other Buildings & Structures had depreciation of €13 billion (+4.4%).

Transport Equipment showed depreciation of €15 billion (+6.4%) while Other Machinery & Equipment had depreciation of €6 billion (+12.5%).

Table 2.1 Net Capital Stock held at end of year by asset type at current market prices, 2013-2023

Table 2.2 Net Capital Stock held at end of year by asset type at constant market prices (base 2022), 2013-2023

Table 2.3 Gross Capital Stock held at end of year by asset type at current market prices, 2013-2023

Table 2.4 Gross Capital Stock held at end of year by asset type at constant market prices (base 2022), 2013-2023

Table 2.5 Consumption of Fixed Capital by asset type at current market prices, 2013-2023

Table 2.6 Consumption of Fixed Capital by asset type at constant market prices (base 2022), 2013-2023

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Table 2.1: Net Capital Stock held at end of year by asset type at current market prices, 2013-2023											€ million
Asset Category	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Dwellings, excluding land	203,564	213,969	223,254	232,036	239,939	257,322	263,595	278,029	307,134	371,475	396,599
Other buildings and structures	115,508	124,454	135,520	148,844	163,590	182,621	202,860	215,072	244,186	280,366	297,760
of which:
Roads	26,789	28,057	29,584	31,444	33,159	35,532	37,854	39,075	43,513	49,082	51,622
Transport equipment	96,624	117,106	128,797	136,922	151,632	159,766	167,947	166,491	166,079	169,759	184,567
Other machinery and equipment	27,452	30,952	33,957	33,095	33,581	34,025	34,422	33,853	36,359	42,643	47,868
of which:
Office machinery and hardware	4,788	4,969	5,181	5,558	5,633	6,534	6,706	6,082	6,160	6,167	6,690
Cultivated assets	2,268	2,295	2,790	2,463	2,578	2,449	2,426	2,567	2,921	3,286	3,146
Intangible fixed assets	35,005	37,456	292,826	308,903	319,963	317,277	394,609	423,386	390,792	371,659	348,391
of which:
Computer software	2,476	2,725	3,745	4,042	4,228	4,718	5,221	5,881	6,467	9,053	10,057
Research and development	31,623	33,843	288,239	304,121	315,027	311,917	388,752	416,931	383,772	362,036	337,800

Total	480,421	526,231	817,144	862,263	911,282	953,460	1,065,859	1,119,397	1,147,471	1,239,188	1,278,331
Source: CSO, Estimates of the Capital Stock of Fixed Assets

Table 2.2: Net Capital Stock held at end of year by asset type at constant market prices (base 2022), 2013-2023											€ million
Asset Category	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Dwellings, excluding land	348,982	347,796	346,996	347,335	349,344	352,976	356,545	359,490	364,466	371,475	380,163
Other buildings and structures	212,173	218,342	225,357	232,938	241,507	250,749	261,091	268,823	275,184	280,366	283,398
of which:
Roads	49,208	49,222	49,196	49,210	48,953	48,788	48,720	48,841	49,036	49,082	49,132
Transport equipment	112,044	135,806	146,776	154,478	168,818	176,151	183,123	179,325	174,387	169,759	172,805
Other machinery and equipment	27,643	29,875	31,907	33,144	33,486	35,288	36,287	36,813	38,517	42,643	46,034
of which:
Office machinery and hardware	3,688	3,850	3,926	4,215	4,108	4,902	5,498	5,212	5,744	6,167	6,666
Cultivated assets	3,016	3,017	3,163	3,218	3,294	3,264	3,294	3,298	3,323	3,286	3,228
Intangible fixed assets	48,764	52,876	246,787	270,093	289,053	297,919	381,233	427,353	401,866	371,659	342,432
of which:
Computer software	3,660	3,982	5,123	5,530	5,735	6,027	6,286	6,852	7,129	9,053	9,442
Research and development	43,751	47,646	240,528	263,604	282,396	291,118	374,208	419,860	394,158	362,036	332,473

Total	752,622	787,712	1,000,986	1,041,206	1,085,502	1,116,348	1,221,573	1,275,103	1,257,743	1,239,188	1,228,060
Source: CSO, Estimates of the Capital Stock of Fixed Assets

Table 2.3: Gross Capital Stock held at end of year by asset type at current market prices, 2013-2023											€ million
Asset Category	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Dwellings, excluding land	259,625	275,356	289,580	303,117	315,073	339,342	348,967	369,300	409,000	495,128	528,181
Other buildings and structures	188,533	204,177	223,016	245,588	270,131	301,794	335,044	356,346	406,990	470,794	504,799
of which:
Roads	39,909	42,447	45,460	49,055	52,612	57,288	61,958	64,816	73,087	83,565	89,060
Transport equipment	140,789	167,087	186,257	202,415	226,466	244,615	263,564	272,962	284,494	302,990	335,763
Other machinery and equipment	59,629	65,693	70,779	68,982	70,772	70,041	70,885	70,367	74,851	84,929	93,854
of which:
Office machinery and hardware	10,754	11,572	12,327	13,157	13,749	14,708	14,956	14,460	14,346	14,371	15,489
Cultivated assets	2,274	2,302	2,797	2,470	2,587	2,458	2,436	2,579	2,935	3,300	3,160
Intangible fixed assets	77,752	81,962	367,058	420,086	473,498	513,592	635,286	717,933	742,354	797,219	842,759
of which:
Computer software	6,360	6,936	8,748	9,751	10,711	12,293	13,817	15,252	16,905	21,563	24,907
Research and development	68,757	72,395	355,771	408,014	460,655	499,302	619,566	700,925	723,753	773,987	816,271

Total	728,602	796,577	1,139,487	1,242,658	1,358,528	1,471,843	1,656,183	1,789,486	1,920,625	2,154,359	2,308,517
Source: CSO, Estimates of the Capital Stock of Fixed Assets

Table 2.4: Gross Capital Stock held at end of year by asset type at constant market prices (base 2022), 2013-2023											€ million
Asset Category	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Dwellings, excluding land	445,591	448,269	450,580	454,169	458,992	465,645	472,070	477,535	485,376	495,128	506,211
Other buildings and structures	346,823	358,773	371,286	384,755	399,040	414,565	431,394	445,542	458,751	470,794	480,434
of which:
Roads	73,307	74,469	75,596	76,770	77,671	78,660	79,744	81,015	82,365	83,565	84,764
Transport equipment	162,471	192,955	211,699	227,948	251,795	269,413	287,057	293,766	298,625	302,990	314,391
Other machinery and equipment	59,197	62,451	65,568	67,909	69,278	72,148	74,390	76,166	79,185	84,929	90,253
of which:
Office machinery and hardware	8,323	8,935	9,409	10,044	10,198	11,272	12,308	12,458	13,422	14,371	15,434
Cultivated assets	3,025	3,027	3,173	3,228	3,305	3,275	3,307	3,311	3,336	3,300	3,242
Intangible fixed assets	106,846	114,866	331,723	384,813	439,597	488,769	618,122	724,976	763,052	797,219	831,833
of which:
Computer software	9,402	10,137	11,968	13,341	14,529	15,704	16,635	17,771	18,637	21,563	23,384
Research and development	93,474	100,961	316,250	368,364	422,230	470,591	599,241	705,212	742,626	773,987	806,919

Total	1,123,953	1,180,342	1,434,029	1,522,822	1,622,007	1,713,815	1,886,341	2,021,297	2,088,324	2,154,359	2,226,364
Source: CSO, Estimates of the Capital Stock of Fixed Assets

Table 2.5: Consumption of Fixed Capital by asset type at current market prices, 2013-2023											€ million
Asset Category	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Dwellings, excluding land	3,824	4,187	4,388	4,660	4,765	5,199	5,370	5,445	6,100	7,417	7,660
Other buildings and structures	4,949	5,467	5,935	6,566	7,125	8,030	8,897	9,244	10,562	12,213	12,755
of which:
Roads	912	951	1,003	1,066	1,127	1,207	1,284	1,323	1,472	1,663	1,749
Transport equipment	7,098	9,064	10,301	11,207	12,302	13,204	13,834	14,017	13,973	14,293	15,207
Other machinery and equipment	3,853	4,233	4,585	4,614	4,767	4,694	4,877	4,817	4,944	5,490	6,175
of which:
Office machinery and hardware	1,549	1,635	1,697	1,790	1,884	1,983	2,133	2,077	1,959	1,992	2,153
Cultivated assets	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	2	2	2
Intangible fixed assets	8,588	8,962	35,531	42,337	49,178	53,682	59,134	73,323	76,854	82,587	86,458
of which:
Computer software	1,202	1,310	1,667	1,950	2,080	2,306	2,561	2,823	3,176	4,052	4,932
Research and development	6,905	7,192	33,426	39,990	46,739	51,027	56,246	70,190	73,385	78,245	81,241

Total	28,313	31,914	60,742	69,385	78,137	84,810	92,112	106,847	112,435	122,002	128,257
Source: CSO, Estimates of the Capital Stock of Fixed Assets

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Stock of Dwellings increased by 6.8% in 2023

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Table 2.6: Consumption of Fixed Capital by asset type at constant market prices (base 2022), 2013-2023											€ million
Asset Category	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Dwellings, excluding land	7,056	7,495	7,316	7,409	7,192	7,291	7,311	7,074	7,268	7,417	7,262
Other buildings and structures	9,603	10,157	10,299	10,691	10,764	11,209	11,626	11,693	11,998	12,213	12,123
of which:
Roads	1,675	1,668	1,668	1,668	1,664	1,657	1,653	1,654	1,659	1,663	1,665
Transport equipment	8,135	10,415	11,664	12,573	13,629	14,497	15,009	15,041	14,647	14,293	14,247
Other machinery and equipment	3,542	3,783	4,022	4,235	4,345	4,541	4,835	4,934	5,084	5,490	5,970
of which:
Office machinery and hardware	1,196	1,260	1,300	1,360	1,390	1,505	1,737	1,788	1,830	1,992	2,145
Cultivated assets	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Intangible fixed assets	12,112	12,734	32,362	39,769	46,406	51,646	58,407	74,446	79,175	82,587	85,191
of which:
Computer software	1,777	1,915	2,281	2,668	2,821	2,946	3,083	3,290	3,501	4,052	4,631
Research and development	9,607	10,166	29,484	36,576	43,112	48,273	54,942	70,808	75,366	78,245	80,286

Total	40,449	44,585	65,665	74,678	82,337	89,186	97,188	113,190	118,173	122,002	124,795
Source: CSO, Estimates of the Capital Stock of Fixed Assets