Consumer Price Index October 2025

Headline Table and Graph

Figure 1 shows the development of the CPI and HICP over recent months. The primary difference between CPI and HICP is the inclusion of Mortgage Interest in the CPI, whereas it’s not included in the HICP. Full details of the difference between CPI and HICP can be found in the background notes of this release.

Annual and Monthly Price Changes

Prices on average, as measured by the CPI, were 2.9% higher in October 2025 compared with October 2024.

The most notable changes in the year were increases in Education (+8.4%), Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (+4.5%), Clothing & Footwear (+3.6%) and Restaurants & Hotels (+3.3%). The only division to show a decrease was Furnishings, Household Equipment & Routine Household Maintenance (-0.4%).

Consumer Prices in October, as measured by the CPI, increased by 0.5% in the month. During October of last year, prices rose by 0.3% in the month. The most significant monthly price rises were in Education (+8.7%) and Recreation & Culture (+1.6%). The largest declines were recorded in Restaurants & Hotels (-0.3%) and Transport (-0.3%).

Contributions to the Overall CPI

Annual Change

Table 3 shows the contribution of each 2-digit COICOP¹ division to the overall change in the CPI. A detailed breakdown of the individual components of each of the 12 COICOP divisions is presented in Tables 4 to 15.

The divisions which caused the largest upward percentage point (pp) contributions to the CPI in the year were Restaurants & Hotels (+0.67 pp), Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (+0.48 pp), Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels (+0.46 pp) and Miscellaneous Goods & Services (+0.25 pp).

The only division to cause a downward contribution to the CPI in the year was Furnishings, Household Equipment & Routine Household Maintenance (-0.02 pp).

The main factors contributing to the annual change were as follows:

• Restaurants & Hotels rose mainly due to higher prices for alcoholic drinks and food consumed in licensed premises, restaurants, cafes etc. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in the cost of hotel accommodation.
• Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages increased due to higher prices across a range of products such as meat, milk, cheese & eggs, chocolate & confectionery and breads & cereals.
• Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels rose mainly due to a rise in the cost of rents, electricity, gas and mortgage interest repayments.
• Miscellaneous Goods & Services increased primarily due to higher health and motor insurance premiums and an increase in the cost of articles & products for personal care. This increase was partially offset by lower prices for jewellery, clocks & watches.
• Furnishings, Household Equipment & Routine Household Maintenance fell mainly due to lower prices for furniture & furnishings.

¹_{Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose Adapted to the Needs of Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (2000).}

Monthly Change

The divisions which caused the largest upward percentage point contributions to the CPI in the month were Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels (+0.17 pp) and Recreation & Culture (+0.14 pp). The divisions which caused the largest downward percentage point contributions to the CPI in the month were Restaurants & Hotels (-0.05 pp) and Transport (-0.03 pp).

The main factors contributing to the monthly change were as follows:

• Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels increased primarily due to a rise in the cost of electricity and higher mortgage interest repayments.
• Recreation & Culture rose mainly due to higher prices for package holidays.
• Restaurants & Hotels decreased primarily due to a reduction in the cost of hotel accommodation. This decrease was partially offset by higher prices for alcoholic drinks and food consumed in licensed premises, restaurants, cafes etc.
• Transport fell mainly due to lower airfares. This reduction was partially offset by an increase in the cost of petrol and diesel.

CPI sub-indices

Tables 4 to 15 detail all COICOP¹ sub-indices of the CPI.

Table 2 and table 17 detail selected consumer price index sub-indices. The sub index for Services rose by 3.5% in the year to October, while Goods increased by 1.8%. Services, excluding mortgage interest repayments, increased by 3.5% in the year since October 2024.

The CPI excluding tobacco increased by 0.4% in the month of October and rose by 2.8% in the year. The CPI excluding mortgage interest rose by 0.4% in the month and increased by 2.9% in the year.

¹_{Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose Adapted to the Needs of Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (2000).}

Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices

Prices on average, as measured by the EU Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), increased by 2.8% compared with October 2024.

Table 19 details the COICOP sub-indices for the HICP. The most notable changes in the year were increases in Education (+8.4%), Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (+4.5%), Clothing & Footwear (+3.6%) and Restaurants & Hotels (+3.3%). The only decrease was recorded in Furnishings, Household Equipment & Routine Household Maintenance (-0.3%).

The HICP increased by 0.4% in the month. This compares to an increase of 0.3% recorded in October of last year.

The most significant monthly price rises were in Education (+8.8%) and Recreation & Culture (+1.6%). There were decreases in Miscellaneous Goods & Services (-1.1%) and Restaurants & Hotels (-0.3%).

National Average Price

National Average Prices for selected goods and services for October 2025 are detailed in Table 20.

Looking at the National Average Prices of some staple items:

• The national average price for bread (large (800g) white sliced pan) increased by 7 cents in the year to October 2025, while the same size brown sliced pan increased by 3 cents in the year.
• Spaghetti per 500g rose by 1 cent in the year, while the average price for 2.5kg of potatoes was down 38 cents.
• The national average price of full fat milk per 2 litres was up 22 cents in the year, while butter per lb rose by 64 cents and the average price of Irish cheddar per kg increased by 80 cents.
• The national average price of a take-home 50cl can of lager at €2.42 was up 1 cent from October 2024, while a take-home 50cl can of cider at €2.71 was up 3 cents.
• In October 2025, the national average price of a pint of stout in licensed premises was €6.07, up 25 cents in the year, while a pint of lager was €6.50, also up 25 cents compared with October 2024.