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Annual National Accounts 2024

Disposable Income and Savings

Online ISSN: 2811-5724

CSO statistical release, 08 July 2025, 11am

Annual National Accounts 2024 were published on 08 July 2025. Data within the publication were revised on 07 October 2025. Net transfers (ESA Code – D.7) were revised over the period 2018 – 2022. The change relates to the partial re-classification of the European Agriculture Fund for Rural Development from an EU subsidy (ESA Code – D.3) to a capital transfer (ESA Code – D.9). The change has a subsequent effect on Gross National Disposable Income and National Savings.

Further details can be found in the Information Note Annual National Accounts 2024.

	Personal Consumption of Goods & Services	Net Expenditure by Local & Central Government on Goods & Services	Provision for Depreciation	Net National Savings	Gross National Disposable Income
2016	95.6612775521	29.4196452627	69.3854441569186	26.5766857869814	221.0430527587
2017	100.0861833156	31.1650406385	78.1368702712064	29.4573778546936	238.84547208
2018	107.4939722378	33.0549080671	84.6823031721321	25.1275862343679	250.3587697114
2019	112.4220700335	36.0783749128	91.6572263820103	30.4405698474897	270.5982411758
2020	102.1007333204	40.7249252503	106.177448472372	25.8147628646276	274.8178699077
2021	114.2959599604	44.4931609559	111.676391097722	44.9929996291782	315.4585116432
2022	135.4613960495	48.31386075	121.82768531137	45.5446988486297	351.1476409595
2023	153.9261751442	53.2171452634	129.109322163112	50.1170136286878	386.3696561994
2024	164.7478339757	57.2976957164	134.949200408195	61.5265001797054	418.52123028

Get the data: PxStat NA009

National Disposable Income is the sum of the disposable incomes of all resident institutional units.

Gross National Disposable Income (GNDI) measures the income available to the nation for final consumption and gross saving.

Tables 12.1 to 12.3 show GNDI and its use at current market prices as well as the annual percentage changes in the main items and Real GNDI at constant prices (adjusted for terms of trade).

Table 12.1 Gross National Disposable Income and its Use

Table 12.2 Annual Percentage Changes in the Main Constituents of Table 12.1

Table 12.3 Gross National Disposable Income at Constant Market Prices (chain linked annually and referenced to year 2023) Adjusted for Terms of Trade (i.e. Real Gross National Disposable Income)

Figure 12.2, Tables 12.4, 12.5, 12.6 and 12.7, and the accompanying text were added to the release on 07 October 2025.

	Household Saving	Government Saving
2015	12.6948317549493	2.07857459806441
2016	12.9604712924152	3.35384212995197
2017	16.1927251931073	5.24054572662664
2018	14.4870628327774	7.92549380107422
2019	16.9809544833653	10.2282066177599
2020	33.0071433794567	-9.27484941644641
2021	28.9803861733423	2.96367324214364
2022	21.6185363669462	19.7259080165516
2023	19.2366017861583	20.5628334013826
2024	24.0293077267249	24.2836623697361

Get the data: PxStat NA013

Household Saving in 2024 increased 24.9% or €4.8 billion compared to 2023. Companies’ Savings of €151.0 were recorded in the year, an increase of €9.1 billion in the year or 6.4% in percentage terms year-on-year. Government Saving recorded a peak value in 2024 over the timespan since 1995 of €24.3 billion, an increase of €3.7 billion compared with 2023. Gross National Savings amounted to €196.5 billion in 2024, an increase of 9.6% or €17.2 billion.

Tables 12.4 to 12.7 show gross national saving, capital formation and the distribution of household income along with its relationship to Net National Product at Factor Cost.

Table 12.4 shows the gross saving of households calculated from elements of household income and expenditure.

Table 12.4 Household Income and Expenditure

Table 12.5 shows the gross saving of Government calculated from elements of Government current income and expenditure.

Table 12.5 Current Income and Expenditure of Central and Local Government

Table 12.6 shows a breakdown of the sources of gross national saving available for investment in domestic capital formation. It also provides a breakdown of capital formation by whether the capital was produced domestically or imported. See tables 11.1 and 11.2 for further detail on capital formation.

Table 12.6 Savings and Capital Formation

Table 12.7 shows a breakdown of the net income of households and its relationship to Net National Product at Factor Cost.

Table 12.7 Distribution of Household Income and its relationship to Net National Product at Factor Cost

Next chapter: Balance of International Payments

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Table 12.1 Gross National Disposable Income and its Use							€ million
Description	ESA Code	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024 ¹
105. Gross domestic product at current market prices	B.1*g	363,753	381,729	448,445	520,718	524,729	562,794
106. Net factor income from the rest of the world	D.1 & D.4	-90,450	-103,801	-128,946	-165,125	-133,977	-140,608
	(net to abroad)
107. Gross national product at current market prices		273,303	277,928	319,499	355,594	390,752	422,186
108. EU subsidies	D.3	1,251	1,191	1,177	1,199	1,128	1,230
109. EU taxes	D.2	-456	-410	-735	-876	-884	-589
110. Gross national income at current market prices	B.5*g	274,097	278,709	319,941	355,917	390,996	422,827
111. Current transfers from the rest of the world
less current transfers to the rest of the world (excluding EU subsidies and taxes)	D.7	-3,498	-3,891	-4,482	-4,769	-4,626	-4,306
112. Gross national disposable income	B.6g	270,598	274,818	315,459	351,148	386,370	418,521
113. Personal consumption of goods and services	P.3	112,422	102,101	114,296	135,461	153,926	164,748
114. Net expenditure by central and local government on current goods and services	P.3	36,078	40,725	44,493	48,314	53,217	57,298
115. Total consumption expenditure	P.3	148,500	142,826	158,789	183,775	207,143	222,046
116. Gross national savings	B.8g	122,098	131,992	156,669	167,372	179,226	196,476
117. Provision for depreciation	P.51c	91,657	106,177	111,676	121,828	129,109	134,949
118. Net national savings	B.8n	30,441	25,815	44,993	45,545	50,117	61,527
¹Preliminary

Table 12.2 Annual Percentage Changes in the Main Constituents of Table 12.1							%
Description	ESA Code	2019-2024	2019-2020	2020-2021	2021-2022	2022-2023	2023-2024
Gross domestic product at current market prices	B.1*g	9.1	4.9	17.5	16.1	0.8	7.3
Gross national product at current market prices		9.1	1.7	15.0	11.3	9.9	8.0
Gross national disposable income	B.6g	9.1	1.6	14.8	11.3	10.0	8.3
Personal consumption of goods and services	P.3	7.9	-9.2	11.9	18.5	13.6	7.0
Net expenditure by central and local government on current goods and services	P.3	9.7	12.9	9.3	8.6	10.1	7.7
Total consumption expenditure	P.3	8.4	-3.8	11.2	15.7	12.7	7.2
Gross national savings	B.8g	10.0	8.1	18.7	6.8	7.1	9.6
Provision for depreciation	P.51c	8.0	15.8	5.2	9.1	6.0	4.5
Net national savings	B.8n	15.1	-15.2	74.3	1.2	10.0	22.8

Table 12.3 Gross National Disposable Income at Constant Market Prices (chain linked annually and referenced to year 2023) Adjusted for Terms of Trade (i.e. Real Gross National Disposable Income)²
						€ million
Description	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024 ¹
Gross national income (adjusted for terms of trade)	314,420	326,054	359,063	371,912	390,996	409,462
Net current transfers from abroad excluding EU subsidies and taxes	-3,085	-3,732	-4,546	-4,955	-4,626	-4,395
Gross national disposable income (adjusted for terms of trade)	311,597	322,431	354,539	366,953	386,370	405,066
Index of Real Gross National Disposable Income	80.6	83.5	91.8	95.0	100.0	104.8
¹Preliminary
²Chain linked series not additive except for 2023 and 2024

Table 12.4 Household Income and Expenditure							€ million
Description	ESA Code	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024¹
1. Net income of households	B.5n_S.1M	134,453	133,503	148,211	166,384	181,329	197,106
2. Income and wealth taxes	D.5PAY_S.1M	-25,629	-25,334	-30,343	-34,010	-35,690	-38,064
3. Pension and other social contributions paid	D.61PAY_S.1M	-22,949	-22,276	-25,339	-30,453	-32,007	-33,824
4. Pension and other social benefits received	D.62REC_S.1M	29,767	35,590	35,050	33,968	36,841	39,395
5. Other transfers (net)	D.7_S1M net	-672	-1,326	-1,387	-409	378	728
6. Net disposable income of households	B.6n_S1M	114,970	120,157	126,192	135,479	150,850	165,341
7. Consumption of fixed capital	P.51c_S.1M	5,923	5,952	6,432	7,521	8,632	8,851
8. Gross disposable income of households	B.6g_S.1M	120,893	126,109	132,624	143,000	159,482	174,191
9. Personal consumption of goods and services	P.3	-112,422	-102,101	-114,296	-135,461	-153,926	-164,748
of which
9.1 final consumption expenditure of government	D.632PAY_S13	6,774	7,280	8,003	8,827	10,229	10,629
10. Final consumption expenditure of households	P.31_S.1M	-105,648	-94,821	-106,293	-126,634	-143,697	-154,119
11. Adjustment for saving in pension funds	D.8REC_S.1M	1,736	1,719	2,650	5,253	3,452	3,957
12. Gross saving of households	B.8g_S.1M	16,981	33,007	28,980	21,619	19,237	24,029
¹Preliminary

Table 12.5 Current Income and Expenditure of Central and Local Government							€ million
Description	ESA Code	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024 ¹
13. Taxes on income and wealth	D.5	36,541	37,294	45,684	56,613	59,691	66,226
14. Social contributions	D.61	16,027	15,410	17,489	20,020	21,473	22,967
15. Taxes on production and imports (including rates)	D.2	27,535	23,743	29,445	31,611	33,269	35,649
16. Gross value added	B.1g	28,621	30,050	32,478	35,517	38,658	41,759
17. Investment income	D.4	1,581	1,111	480	670	1,837	1,999
18. Current transfers	D.7	659	755	1,161	1,233	1,364	1,286
19. Current income		110,964	108,363	126,736	145,665	156,292	169,886
20. Compensation of employees	D.1	23,832	24,953	26,712	28,834	31,410	33,998
21. Subsidies (excluding EU subsidies)	D.3	2,036	6,515	7,381	3,451	2,624	2,828
22. Social transfers in cash	D.62	24,061	29,962	29,316	28,250	29,462	31,990
23. Current transfers	D.7	3,336	4,377	4,577	4,942	5,347	5,494
24. Debt interest	D.4	4,618	3,825	3,290	3,321	3,441	3,365
25. Total final consumption expenditure	P.3	42,853	48,005	52,496	57,141	63,446	67,926
26. Current expenditure		100,735	117,637	123,772	125,939	135,729	145,602
27. Gross Saving of Government	B.8g	10,228	-9,275	2,964	19,726	20,563	24,284
¹Preliminary

Annual National Accounts 2024

Disposable Income and Savings

Disposable Income and Savings

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Table 12.6 Savings and Capital Formation							€ million
Description	ESA code	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024 ¹
28. Household Saving	B.8g_S.1M	16,981	33,007	28,980	21,619	19,237	24,029
29. Companies' Saving	B.8g_S.11 & B.8g_S.12	97,352	105,015	123,810	128,979	141,853	150,966
30. Government Saving	B.8g_S.13	10,228	-9,275	2,964	19,726	20,563	24,284
31. Statistical Discrepancy²		-2,463	3,245	914	-2,951	-2,426	-2,804
32. Gross National Saving	B.8g_S.1	122,098	131,992	156,667	167,372	179,226	196,476
33. Net foreign capital transfers	D.9_S.2 net	343	440	616	547	2,685	208
34. Statistical Discrepancy		-2,463	3,245	914	-2,951	-2,426	-2,804
35. Net foreign disinvestment	B.9_S.2	110,680	38,902	-56,150	-44,692	-28,191	-88,390
36. Net investment in non-produced non-financial assets	NP_S.1	-35,316	-11,996	1,239	-1,114	-11,410	-2,789
37. Gross total available for investment in domestic capital formation	P.5	195,343	162,583	103,285	119,162	139,884	102,701
Capital formation
38. Building and construction		24,958	23,154	26,424	31,102	36,135	36,027
39. Other home produced capital goods and services		6,632	-6,222	6,530	5,191	9,675	-8,771
40. Imported capital goods and services		161,965	141,057	66,052	73,809	84,786	70,378
41. Value of physical changes in agricultural stocks		-36	-55	115	-0	-56	-109
42. Increase in value of non-agricultural stocks and work in progress (incl. EU intervention stocks)		1,471	2,742	8,139	13,347	5,801	5,427
43. Adjustment for stock appreciation		353	1,907	-3,975	-4,286	3,542	-252
44. Gross domestic physical capital formation		195,343	162,583	103,285	119,162	139,884	102,701
¹Preliminary
²The statistical discrepancy is included for consistency with the Institutional Sector Accounts. It is included twice because this spans the income and expenditure methods

Table 12.7 Distribution of Household Income and its relationship to Net National Product at Factor Cost							€ million
Description	ESA Code	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024¹
45. Wages and salaries	D.11_S.1M	89,609	89,738	98,776	108,550	121,065	130,304
46. Employers' social contributions	D.12_S.1M	16,655	16,365	18,496	20,040	21,485	22,825
47. Net compensation of employees from abroad	D.1_S.2 net	-151	-302	-308	-393	-432	-405
48. Income of independent traders	B.3n_S.1M	14,032	13,318	14,975	18,064	17,023	18,768
49. Rent (real and imputed) of households	B.2n_S.1M	10,177	10,518	11,187	12,436	12,854	14,883
50. Interest and other investment income	D.4G_REC_S.1M	4,803	4,539	5,581	8,202	9,532	10,609
51. FISIM on interest received		508	845	1,339	1,849	5,404	8,536
52. Interest paid and land rent	D.4G_PAY_S.1M	-4,465	-4,580	-4,479	-4,491	-5,374	-6,460
53. Adjustment for FISIM on interest paid		3,285	3,063	2,643	2,125	-229	-1,954
54. Net income of households	B.5n_S.1M	134,453	133,503	148,211	166,384	181,329	197,106
55. Undistributed profits of companies	B.5n_S.11 & B.5n_S.12	27,987	21,269	39,885	45,147	53,942	62,122
56. Private income	B.5n_S.11, S.12, S.1M	162,440	154,773	188,096	211,531	235,270	259,228
57. Government interest paid	D.4PAY_S.13	4,618	3,825	3,290	3,321	3,441	3,365
58. Government trading and investment income	B.2n_S.13 + D.4REC_S.13	1,581	1,111	480	670	1,837	1,999
59. Statistical discrepancy (equals Item 12, Table 1)		-2,463	3,245	914	-2,951	-2,426	-2,804
60. Net national product at factor cost		156,941	155,304	186,200	205,930	231,241	255,058
61. Taxes less subsidies of National Government	D.2REC_S.13-D.3PAY_S.13	25,499	17,227	22,064	28,160	30,645	32,820
62. Net national income at market prices	B.5n_S.1	182,439	172,531	208,265	234,089	261,886	287,878
¹Preliminary