Type of ownership indicates whether an enterprise is domestic or foreign controlled. A domestic enterprise is defined as either domestic indigenous or as domestic multinational (with foreign control of less than 50%). A foreign controlled multinational enterprise (MNE) is defined as having foreign control of more than 50%. A high proportion of foreign controlled services enterprises generally represent a globalised economy which is well integrated in international markets.
| Domestic | Foreign | |
| Exports | 38.368203 | 123.462676 |
| Imports | 32.772036 | 172.550117 |
Foreign controlled enterprises dominated both service exports and imports in 2017, exporting €123bn (76%) and importing €173bn (84%) of total services. The remaining €38bn (24%) of service exports and €33bn (16%) of service imports were provided by domestic enterprises. See Figure 5.1
| Domestic | Foreign | |
| Manufacturing (C) | 16.317638 | 11.165183 |
| Information & Communication (J) | 0 | 74.080249 |
| Financial & Insurance (K) | 14.169224 | 14.112459 |
| Other Activities (Oth) | 7.881342 | 24.104785 |
Foreign controlled enterprises in the Information and Communications sector (J) accounted for €74bn (46%) of total service exports, of which 19% were exported to EU and 27% exported to non-EU countries. There were no registered domestic controlled enterprises exporting services in the Information and Communication sector (J). Foreign controlled enterprises in the Financial and Insurance Sector (K) represented €14bn (9%) of total exports while in Manufacturing (C) and other sectors they represented €11bn and €24bn (7% and 15%) of total exports respectively.
Domestic enterprises in the Manufacturing sector (C) and the Financial & Insurance sector (K) exported €16bn (10%) and €14bn (9%) of total services respectively while domestic enterprises in other sectors exported €8bn (5%) of total services. See Figure 5.2 and Table 5.1.
| Domestic | Foreign | |
| Manufacturing (C) | 15.386987 | 55.85041 |
| Information & Communication (J) | 0 | 88.230181 |
| Financial & Insurance (K) | 11.530062 | 13.776473 |
| Other Activities (Oth) | 5.854987 | 14.693053 |
| Foreign | Domestic | |
| Manufacturing (C) | 38.7544606952405 | 10.2893365184745 |
| Information & Communication (J) | 26.8711958367287 | 0 |
| Financial & Insurance (K) | 6.45170508079943 | 4.86207280630449 |
| Other Activities (Oth) | 9.23734469931807 | 3.53388436313426 |
All enterprises importing services in the Information and Communications sector (J) were foreign controlled and they account for €88bn (43%) of total service imports, of which 12% were imported from EU and 31% imported from non-EU countries. There were no registered domestic controlled enterprises importing services in the Information and Communication sector (J). Foreign controlled enterprises in the Manufacturing sector (C) imported €56bn (27%) of total services, with 5% imported from EU and 22% imported from non-EU countries. Foreign enterprises in the Financial & Insurance (K) and in other sectors imported €14bn (7%) and €15bn (8%) of service respectively.
Domestic enterprises in the Manufacturing sector (C) and the Financial & Insurance sector (K) imported just €15bn (8%) and €12bn (6%) of total services respectively while domestic enterprises in other sectors imported another €6bn (3%) of total services. See Figure 5.3 and Table 5.2.
| Domestic | Foreign | Total (where foreign/domestic split not available) | |
| Repairs & Processing | 0.076232 | 1.919287 | 0 |
| Transport | 8.087455 | 0 | 0 |
| Travel | 4.971456 | 0 | 0 |
| Insurance & Pension services | 0 | 0 | 9.747167 |
| Financial services | 11.496402 | 4.047966 | 0 |
| Royalties/ Licences | 3.678602 | 5.420278 | 0 |
| Computer & Communication services | 0 | 68.714601 | 0 |
| Business services | 8.736806 | 30.816375 | 0 |
| Other services n.e.s. | 0 | 0 | 4.096253 |
| Foreign | Domestic | Total (where foreign/domestic split not available) | |
| Repairs & Processing | 1.7378 | 0.789141 | |
| Transport | 0 | 7.225651 | |
| Travel | 0 | 4.684519 | |
| Insurance andpension services | 0 | 0 | 9.295586 |
| Financialservices | 3.725054 | 9.563229 | |
| Royalties/Licences | 4.321913 | 3.729994 | |
| Computer &Comm. services | 58.776989 | 0 | |
| Businessservices | 22.051513 | 8.040991 | |
| Otherservices n.e.s. | 0 | 0 | 1.133187 |
All computer services exports, €68.7bn in 2017, were provided by foreign controlled enterprises. While all transport and travel services exports and €11.5bn (74%) of financial service exports were provided for by domestic enterprises. Foreign controlled enterprises accounted for €30.8bn (78%) of business services exports and €1.9bn (96%) of repair and processing exports. Insurance/pension services exports were also dominated by foreign controlled enterprises. (Actual percentage not provided for confidentiality reasons.) See Figure 5.4 and Table 5.3.
| Domestic | Foreign | |
| Repairs & Processing | 0.113216 | 4.653081 |
| Transport | 2.598871 | 0 |
| Travel | 5.814371 | 0 |
| Insurance & Pension services | 0.246978 | 6.720138 |
| Financial services | 10.806609 | 2.116575 |
| Royalties/ Licences | 3.319486 | 63.343074 |
| Computer & Communication services | 0.022621 | 3.903121 |
| Business services | 9.209784 | 91.814128 |
| Other services n.e.s. | 0.640103 | 0 |
All transport and travel services imports and €10.8bn (84%) of financial service imports were provided by domestic enterprises. Foreign controlled enterprises provided €92bn (91%) of business services imports and €4.7bn (98%) of repair and processing imports. Foreign controlled enterprises also dominated Insurance/pension services imports (96%) and computer service imports (99%) and accounted for €63bn (95%) of Royalties imports. See Figure 5.5 and Table 5.4.
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