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In 2024, non-household entities purchased 12,696 dwellings at market prices with a total value of €5.0 billion, an increase of 4.1% on the 12,201 purchases made in 2023.
Non-household entities in the combined sectors of Public Administration/Education/Human Health & Social Work purchased 6,557 residential dwellings with a total value of €2.6 billion in 2024, which was more than what was purchased by any other NACE sector.
Non-household entities in the Construction sector sold 13,502 residential dwellings in 2024 with a total value of €6.0 billion, which was more than what was sold by any other NACE sector.
Irish registered companies and institutions accounted for €4.8 billion (95.1%) of the total €5.0 billion spent by non-households on residential dwelling purchases in 2024.
New dwellings accounted for 56.4% of all purchases made by non-households in 2024.
In 2024, non-household entities purchased 6,804 houses. The remaining 5,892 purchases were of apartments.
There was a net monetary flow of €4.0 billion to the non-household sector in 2024.
The standard classification of industrial activity in Ireland is NACE, which is a statistical classification of economic activities developed in the European Community. NACE is an acronym derived from the French title 'Nomenclature générale des Activités économiques dans les Communautés Européennes'. The NACE classification of economic activities in the European Community is used for a wide variety of European statistics in the economic, social, environmental, and agricultural domains. More information on NACE classifications is available. Similarly, detail on NACE coding can be found in the Background Notes chapter of this release.
In 2024, a total of 61,471 dwelling purchases at market prices were filed with the Revenue Commissioners, with a value of €24.6 billion. Of these, 12,696 (20.7%) were purchases made by non-household entities, a rise of 4.1% on the 12,201 purchases made by them in 2023. The total value of the purchases by non-household entities in 2024 was €5.0 billion, an increase of 18.5% on the 2023 value of €4.2 billion. In contrast, non-household entities sold 20,841 dwellings at market prices in 2024, an increase of 9.3% on the 19,061 dwellings sold by them in 2023. The total value of sales by non-household entities in 2024 amounted to €9.0 billion, up 19.6% on the 2023 value of €7.5 billion (See Figure 1 and Table 1).
Non-household entities belonging to the combined sector of Public Administration/Education/Human Health & Social Work (NACE sectors O, P, Q) purchased 6,557 residential dwellings with a total value of €2.6 billion in 2024, which was more than was purchased by any other NACE sector. Purchases of dwellings by entities in the Financial & Insurance sector (NACE sector K), which includes banks, trusts, funds, holding companies etc., were the second largest. A total of 1,889 dwellings were purchased by the Financial & Insurance sector (NACE sector K), with a value of €746.0 million (See Figure 2, Table 2, and Table 2A).
The combined grouping of NACE sectors O, P, and Q is a broad grouping. It includes transactions involving state or semi-state agencies, such as those made by Local Authorities and Approved Housing Bodies. However, it also covers all other transactions of residential properties made by public institutions, as well as purchases and sales made by private companies within the Education and Health sectors. Additional information on the purchases made by NACE sector O, and the grouped NACE sector P/Q can be found in Table 3.
NACE sector U: Extra-Territorial relates to any entity which has an address outside of Ireland. More detail can be found about these transactions in the next section entitled Transactions by Foreign Companies and Institutions.
Historically, the grouped sector O/P/Q was combined due to the low volume and value of transactions in each individual sector. Since 2021, there has been a steady increase in the volume and value of purchases of residential properties made by non-household entities in the grouped sector O/P/Q which has allowed us to provide further detail on the purchases by sector O: Public Administration and sector P/Q: Education/Human Health & Social Work respectively. Of the 6,557 purchases of residential dwellings made by the grouped sector O/P/Q in 2024, 2,699 were made by sector O, an increase of 29.6% on the 2,082 purchases made by this sector in 2023. In the grouped sector P/Q, there were 3,858 purchases of residential dwellings in 2024, which was up 4.4% on the 3,696 purchases made by this sector in 2023 (See Table 3).
| Table 3 - Breakdown of Grouped Sector O/P/Q Market Purchases of Residential Dwellings Filed with Revenue, 2021-2024 | ||||
| number | € million | |||
| Year | Volume of Purchases | Value of Purchases | ||
| Sector O | Sector P/Q | Sector O | Sector P/Q | |
| 2021 | 1,085 | 2,741 | 271.5 | 781.6 |
| 2022 | 1,239 | 3,158 | 323.4 | 1,010.8 |
| 2023 | 2,082 | 3,696 | 596.2 | 1,317.2 |
| 2024 | 2,699 | 3,858 | 850.6 | 1,717.2 |
Non-household entities in the Construction sector (NACE sector F) were the most active vendors in 2024, selling 13,502 residential properties with a value of €6.0 billion. Sales of dwellings by non-households in the Financial & Insurance sector (NACE sector K) were the second largest, with a total of 3,362 sales worth €1.3 billion (See Figure 3, Table 4, and Table 4A).
Net flows can be established to show the overall direction of the flow of dwellings (in value terms) across each NACE sector by subtracting the value of purchases (See Table 2) from the value of sales (See Table 4). For example, the net value flow in Table 5 represents the overall transfer of money for each NACE sector in the residential property market. A positive figure indicates that the value of sales was higher than the value of purchases. A negative figure indicates that the value of purchases was higher than the value of sales. In 2024, there was a net flow of €5.5 billion into the Construction sector (NACE sector F), up from a net flow of €4.8 billion into the sector in 2023. At the opposite end of the scale, there was a net flow of €2.5 billion out of the grouped sector of Public Administration/Education/Health (NACE sectors O, P, Q) in 2024, while in 2023 there was a net flow of €1.9 billion out of the sector. The total of €4.0 billion for 2024 indicates that there was a net flow of €4.0 billion into the non-household sector from the household sector (See Table 5).
| Table 5 - Net Value Flow of Non-Household Market Residential Dwelling Transactions Filed with Revenue by NACE Sector, 2018-2024 | (€ million) | ||||||
| NACE Sector | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Construction (F) | 2,195.1 | 2,634.1 | 2,795.5 | 3,204.7 | 4,383.0 | 4,818.8 | 5,474.7 |
| Financial & Insurance (K) | 834.1 | 1,135.2 | 382.6 | 470.7 | -314.7 | 201.9 | 536.4 |
| Real Estate (L) | 102.0 | -21.7 | 167.4 | 45.3 | 471.3 | 281.1 | 506.2 |
| Public/Education/Health (O,P,Q) | -654.7 | -1,069.6 | -970.7 | -979.2 | -1,292.0 | -1,856.0 | -2,501.2 |
| Extra-Territorial (U) | -221.2 | -378.7 | -384.9 | -498.6 | -173.1 | -221.6 | -145.3 |
| Other | 273.2 | 153.7 | 14.4 | 5.5 | -63.8 | 84.3 | 134.0 |
| All | 2,528.5 | 2,453.0 | 2,004.2 | 2,248.5 | 3,010.6 | 3,308.5 | 4,004.9 |
Net flows can be established to show the overall direction of the flow of dwellings (in volume terms) across each NACE sector by subtracting the volume of sales (See Table 4A) from the volume of purchases (See Table 2A). For example, the net volume flow in Table 5A represents the overall transfer of residential properties for each NACE sector in the residential property market. A positive figure indicates that the volume of purchases was higher than the volume of sales. A negative figure indicates that the volume of sales was higher than the volume of purchases. In 2024, there was a net flow of 12,014 residential dwellings out of the Construction sector (NACE Sector F). At the opposite end of the scale, there was a net flow of 6,306 properties into the grouped sector of Public Administration/Education/Health (NACE sectors O, P, Q) in 2024. The total of -8,145 for 2024 indicates that there was a net flow of 8,145 properties from the non-household sector to the household sector (See Table 5A).
| Table 5A - Net Volume Flow of Non-Household Market Residential Dwelling Transactions Filed with Revenue by NACE Sector, 2018-2024 | number | ||||||
| NACE Sector | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
| Construction (F) | -6,303 | -7,411 | -7,494 | -8,629 | -11,162 | -11,562 | -12,014 |
| Financial & Insurance (K) | -4,057 | -4,695 | -2,131 | -2,079 | -250 | -986 | -1,473 |
| Real Estate (L) | 47 | 421 | -241 | 637 | -469 | -299 | -901 |
| Public/Education/Health (O,P,Q) | 2,927 | 4,464 | 3,706 | 3,495 | 4,201 | 5,523 | 6,306 |
| Extra-Territorial (U) | 823 | 910 | 967 | 1,002 | 289 | 414 | 143 |
| Other | -984 | -237 | 13 | 55 | 242 | 50 | -206 |
| All | -7,547 | -6,548 | -5,180 | -5,519 | -7,149 | -6,860 | -8,145 |
In 2024, Irish registered companies and institutions accounted for €4.8 billion (95.1%) of the €5.0 billion spent on residential dwelling purchases by non-household entities. Purchases by companies with an address in Northern Ireland accounted for €14.8 million, €4.9 million was spent by companies with an address in Great Britain, and €67.3 million by companies with an address in British Crown Dependencies. The remainder of €159.9 million was spent by companies with addresses in other parts of the world (See Table 6).
Companies and institutions with a registered address outside of Ireland spent €246.9 million on purchases of residential dwellings in 2024, a decrease of 18.4% on the €302.4 million spent in 2023. Of these, entities with addresses in Northern Ireland, Great Britain, and British Crown Dependencies accounted for 6.0%, 2.0%, and 27.3% of the expenditure, respectively. Companies with an address in other parts of the world accounted for the remaining 64.7% of the total value of purchases made by companies and institutions with a registered address outside of Ireland (See Figure 4).
**: Grouped for reasons of confidentiality
| % | |
| Northern Ireland | 6 |
| Great Britain | 2 |
| British Crown Dependencies | 27.3 |
| Other Europe & Other** | 51.1 |
| North America | 13.6 |
In 2024, Irish registered companies and institutions accounted for €8.9 billion (98.9%) of the value of all dwellings sold by non-households. Europe (excluding Ireland, the United Kingdom, and British Crown Dependencies) accounted for €19.1 million (0.2%), while companies and institutions registered outside of Europe accounted for €16.5 million (0.2%) of sales (See Table 7).
In 2024, there were 7,160 purchases of new dwellings by non-households filed with the Revenue Commissioners, with a total value of €3.1 billion. This represents an increase of 11.2% when compared with the 6,439 purchases of new dwellings in 2023. The remaining purchases were of existing dwellings, of which there were 5,536 in 2024 with a total value of €1.9 billion. This represents a fall of 3.9% when compared with the 5,762 purchases of existing dwellings in 2023 (See Figure 5).
There has been a steady increase in the percentage of new dwellings purchased by non-households in recent years. In 2018, 25.9% of dwellings purchased were new dwellings, in 2021 this rose to 42.6%, and in 2024 56.4% of the purchases made by non-households were of new dwellings (See Figure 6).
In 2024, there were 16,717 sales of new dwellings by non-households filed with the Revenue Commissioners, with a total value of €7.6 billion. This represents an increase of 10.9% when compared with the 15,070 sales of new dwellings in 2023. The remaining sales were of existing dwellings, of which there were 4,124 in 2024 with a total value of €1.4 billion. This represents a rise of 3.3% when compared with the 3,991 sales of existing dwellings in 2023 (See Figure 7).
In 2024, there were 6,804 purchases of houses by non-households filed with the Revenue Commissioners, with a total value of €2.5 billion. This represents a rise of 5.7% when compared with the 6,438 purchases of houses in 2023. The remaining purchases were of apartments, of which there were 5,892 in 2024 with a total value of €2.5 billion. This represents an increase of 2.2% when compared with the 5,763 purchases of apartments made by non-households in 2023 (See Figure 8).
Of the 6,804 houses purchased by non-households in 2024, 3,376 (49.6%) were purchases of new houses, up 20.7% on the 2,797 new houses purchased in 2023. The remaining purchases were of existing houses, of which there were 3,428 (50.4%) in 2024, down 5.9% when compared with the 3,641 purchases of existing houses in 2023 (See Table 8).
| Table 8 - Breakdown of Non-Household Market Purchases of Houses Filed with Revenue, 2021-2024 | ||||
| number | € million | |||
| Year | Volume of Purchases | Value of Purchases | ||
| House - New | House - Existing | House - New | House - Existing | |
| 2021 | 3,084 | 3,604 | 936.8 | 1,013.9 |
| 2022 | 3,511 | 3,271 | 1,198.8 | 1,117.1 |
| 2023 | 2,797 | 3,641 | 987.3 | 1,214.2 |
| 2024 | 3,376 | 3,428 | 1,260.6 | 1,230.6 |
Of the 5,892 apartments purchased by non-households in 2024, 3,784 (64.2%) were purchases of new apartments, up 3.9% on the 3,642 new apartments purchased in 2023. The remaining purchases were of existing apartments, of which there were 2,108 (35.8%) in 2024, a decrease of 0.6% when compared with the 2,121 purchases of existing apartments in 2023 (See Table 9).
| Table 9 - Breakdown of Non-Household Market Purchases of Apartments Filed with Revenue, 2021-2024 | ||||
| number | € million | |||
| Year | Volume of Purchases | Value of Purchases | ||
| Apartment - New | Apartment - Existing | Apartment - New | Apartment - Existing | |
| 2021 | 1,919 | 3,142 | 742.4 | 808.8 |
| 2022 | 3,394 | 3,346 | 1,357.4 | 942.2 |
| 2023 | 3,642 | 2,121 | 1,437.7 | 595.4 |
| 2024 | 3,784 | 2,108 | 1,886.5 | 641.4 |
In 2024, there were 14,452 sales of houses by non-households filed with the Revenue Commissioners, with a total value of €6.1 billion. This represents a rise of 8.6% when compared with the 13,307 sales of houses by non-households in 2023. The remaining sales were of apartments, of which there were 6,389 in 2024 with a total value of €2.9 billion. This represents an increase of 11.0% on the 5,754 sales of apartments by non-households in 2023 (See Figure 9).
The household and non-household sectors of the residential property market interact and overlap to a significant degree. Each dwelling transaction involves two parties, the buyer and the seller. A household may sell to another household or to the non-household sector. Conversely, a non-household company or institution may sell to the household sector or to another company or institution. Net inter-sectoral flows can be established to show the overall direction of the flow of dwellings (in volume or value terms). For example, the net value flow represents the overall transfer of money from the household sector to the non-household sector in the residential property market.
In 2024, non-household entities sold dwellings valued at €5.4 billion to households, whereas sales within its own sector amounted to €3.6 billion. In contrast, households sold predominately to other households, with the intra-household market accounting for €14.2 billion of dwelling sales, while sales to the non-household sector accounted for just €1.4 billion. On balance, this represented a net monetary flow of €4.0 billion to the non-household sector. In each year represented in Table 10 below, a net flow of money was directed to the non-household sector, this indicates that the value of sales by non-households to households (C) was higher than the value of purchases by non-households from households (B) (See Table 10).
| Table 10 - Value of Market Residential Dwelling Sales Filed with Revenue by Sectoral Flow, 2018-2024 | (€ million) | |||||||||
| Year | Sales by Households | Sales by Non-Households | All Sales (A+B+C+D) | Net Non-Household Sales (C-B) | ||||||
| Sales to Households (A) | Sales to Non-Households (B) | Total (A+B) | Sales to Households (C) | Sales to Non-Households (D) | Total (C+D) | |||||
| 2018 | 9,316.7 | 1,100.7 | 10,417.4 | 3,629.2 | 1,296.0 | 4,925.3 | 15,342.7 | 2,528.5 | ||
| 2019 | 9,806.5 | 1,129.2 | 10,935.7 | 3,582.2 | 2,345.8 | 5,928.1 | 16,863.8 | 2,453.0 | ||
| 2020 | 8,230.7 | 1,055.7 | 9,286.4 | 3,059.9 | 2,440.6 | 5,500.6 | 14,787.0 | 2,004.2 | ||
| 2021 | 11,684.5 | 1,220.7 | 12,905.3 | 3,469.3 | 2,281.2 | 5,750.5 | 18,655.7 | 2,248.5 | ||
| 2022 | 13,558.0 | 1,288.2 | 14,846.2 | 4,298.8 | 3,327.4 | 7,626.2 | 22,472.3 | 3,010.6 | ||
| 2023 | 14,049.2 | 1,440.8 | 15,490.1 | 4,749.3 | 2,793.8 | 7,543.1 | 23,033.2 | 3,308.5 | ||
| 2024 | 14,198.6 | 1,413.5 | 15,612.2 | 5,418.5 | 3,605.6 | 9,024.0 | 24,636.2 | 4,004.9 | ||
Non-household entities sold 12,317 residential dwellings to households in 2024, an increase of 8.2% on the 11,382 residential dwellings sold by non-households to households in 2023. Non-households purchased 4,172 properties from households in 2024, which was down 7.7% on the 4,522 dwellings sold by households to non-households in 2023. In each year represented in Table 10A below, a net flow of properties was directed to the household sector, this indicates that the volume of sales by non-households to households (C) was higher than the volume of purchases by non-households from households (B). In 2024, there was a net flow of 8,145 properties from the non-household sector to the household sector (See Table 10A).
| Table 10A - Volume of Market Residential Dwelling Sales Filed with Revenue by Sectoral Flow, 2018-2024 | number | |||||||||
| Year | Sales by Households | Sales by Non-Households | All Sales (A+B+C+D) | Net Non-Household Sales (C-B) | ||||||
| Sales to Households (A) | Sales to Non-Households (B) | Total (A+B) | Sales to Households (C) | Sales to Non-Households (D) | Total (C+D) | |||||
| 2018 | 33,026 | 3,926 | 36,952 | 11,473 | 5,219 | 16,692 | 53,644 | 7,547 | ||
| 2019 | 34,475 | 4,253 | 38,728 | 10,801 | 8,125 | 18,926 | 57,654 | 6,548 | ||
| 2020 | 28,997 | 3,833 | 32,830 | 9,013 | 7,868 | 16,881 | 49,711 | 5,180 | ||
| 2021 | 36,678 | 4,222 | 40,900 | 9,741 | 7,527 | 17,268 | 58,168 | 5,519 | ||
| 2022 | 38,920 | 3,956 | 42,876 | 11,105 | 9,566 | 20,671 | 63,547 | 7,149 | ||
| 2023 | 38,852 | 4,522 | 43,374 | 11,382 | 7,679 | 19,061 | 62,435 | 6,860 | ||
| 2024 | 36,458 | 4,172 | 40,630 | 12,317 | 8,524 | 20,841 | 61,471 | 8,145 | ||
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Statistician's Comment
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) has today (01 July 2025) published Residential Property Transactions by Non-Households 2024.
Commenting on the release, Niall Corkery, Statistician in the Prices Division, said: “Today’s release provides a breakdown of non-household transactions in volume and value terms by NACE sector (Editor’s Note below), dwelling status, territory of the participating organisations, and dwelling type. It also contains a breakdown of transactions between and within the household and non-household residential property sectors. Non-household transactions are residential dwelling transactions made by private companies, charitable organisations, and state institutions.
Purchases
In 2024, non-household entities purchased 12,696 dwellings at market prices, an increase of 4.1% on the 12,201 purchases made by this group in 2023. The total value of the purchases by non-household entities in 2024 was €5.0 billion, a rise of 18.5% on the 2023 value of €4.2 billion.
Irish registered companies and institutions accounted for €4.8 billion (95.1%) of the €5.0 billion spent on purchases of residential dwellings by non-household entities in 2024. The remaining €246.9 million were purchases of residential property made by non-household entities with a registered address outside Ireland.
Non-household entities belonging to the combined NACE sectors of Public Administration/Education/Human Health & Social Work purchased residential dwellings with a total value of €2.6 billion in 2024, which was more than was purchased by any other NACE sector. The Financial & Insurance sector was the second largest buyer, with a total value of dwelling purchases of €746.0 million. More details on what these NACE sectors include can be found below in the section entitled Non-Household NACE Breakdown.
Of the 12,696 purchases of residential dwellings by non-households in 2024, 6,804 were purchases of houses, of which 3,376 (49.6%) were new houses. The remaining house purchases were of existing houses, of which there were 3,428 (50.4%) in 2024. Of the 5,892 apartments purchased by non-households in 2024, 3,784 (64.2%) were purchases of new apartments. The remaining apartment purchases were of existing apartments, of which there were 2,108 (35.8%) in 2024.
Sales
In 2024, non-household entities sold 20,841 dwellings at market prices, an increase of 9.3% on the 19,061 sales made by them in 2023. The total value of the sales by non-household entities in 2024 was €9.0 billion, up 19.6% on the 2023 value of €7.5 billion.
Non-household entities in the Construction sector sold 13,502 residential properties with a total value of €6.0 billion in 2024, up 14.3% on the total value of sales made by this sector in 2023. Non-household entities in the Construction sector accounted for 64.8% of the total volume of sales by non-households in 2024.
Of the 20,841 sales by non-households in 2024, 16,717 (80.2%) were sales of new dwellings. The remaining 4,124 (19.8%) sales were of existing dwellings. When looking at the breakdown of sales by dwelling type, there were 6,389 (30.7%) sales of apartments and 14,452 (69.3%) sales of houses.
Net Flow
In 2024, there was a net monetary flow of €4.0 billion to the non-household sector from the household sector. Similarly, there was a net flow (in volume terms) of 8,145 residential properties to the household sector. This indicates that the value and volume of sales by the non-household sector to the household sector was greater than the value and volume of purchases by non-households from households.”